This letter presents a substrate-integrated-waveguide-fed wideband millimeter-wave filtering antenn based on advanced through-glass via technology, developed using two stacked glass layers incorporating high-precision metal layers. Glass wafers with thicknesses of 0.23 mm and 0.5 mm are employed to achieve high-density interconnects and precise manufacturing. Utilizing slotted radiating patches, two radiation nulls are first generated on the lower side of the operating band. Additionally, a pair of parasitic patches and parasitic loops are designed to introduce two more radiation nulls, enhancing the suppression level in the stopband. The proposed antenna does not require supplementary filtering circuits and is characterized by a wide bandwidth and low profile. To validate the proposed structure and design concept, a prototype antenna has been designed, fabricated, and measured. It exhibits a -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 31.9 GHz to 45.9 GHz (35.9%), with measured out-of-band suppression levels exceeding 18.5 dB and 19.1 dB for the lower and upper stopbands, respectively. The measured peak gain is 8.5 dBi at 42.8 GHz.

This paper conducts a comparative study on the effects of loading a reflector and introducing a Fabry-Perot Cavity on a bow-tie antenna's time domain performance. The simulation results show that the frequency domain gain of the antenna in the 0.7-1.9 GHz band is significantly improved, while its time domain performance (G(ep)) is enhanced by an additional 15%. In addition, the correlation between the frequency domain and the time domain is further established by analyzing the spectral characteristics of the antenna's far-field radiated pulses.

This communication introduces a flex-form generative neural network (FGNN) that is capable of inverse designing the dimensions of a multifrequency modes antenna, which is implemented with a metallic monopole patch containing variable numbers of slots, based on a target reflection coefficient across 0.3-3 GHz. The FGNN integrates three models: the forward prediction model (FPM) for predicting the antenna's reflection coefficient S-11 based on geometric parameters, i.e., patch and slot dimensions, the auxiliary classification model (ACM) for determining slots count, and finally, the inverse design model (IDM) for generating geometric parameters from the desired reflection coefficient. The proposed method enables flexible adjustment of antenna structure by allowing parameters output of indefinite length. Antenna supporting up to three bands is achieved in this demonstration, with minimal amount of dataset required. The network potentially provides an efficient framework for various electromagnetic (EM) structures design with flexible forms of geometry parameters or targets.

Genetic modification via gene editing has become a widely adopted and demonstrably effective method in functional gene research within entomology. However, the optimal efficiency and simplicity of delivering exogenous guide RNA-clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 complexes into target tissues are crucial for successful gene editing. The Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo (ReMOT) strategy, which simplifies the delivery process, target-site selection, technical requirements, and delivery cost compared with embryonic microinjection, enabling efficient editing at the germline level, is gaining increasing attention. Although the feasibility and advantages of this technique have been demonstrated in various insect species, further optimization of operational details and the overcoming of further bottlenecks are still required. This review focuses on advances in developing ReMOT as a valuable technology, exploring its applicability, rationale for selecting the ovary as a delivery target site, factors influencing its efficiency, and improvement recommendations. The versatility and effectiveness of ReMOT make it a promising method for researchers looking to make precise genetic modifications with greater ease and efficiency.

A dual-band Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW) slot antenna operating at 3.5 GHz and 4.9 GHz is proposed. The two operational bands of the proposed antenna are achieved by combining two HMSIW slot antennas. The -10 dB impedance bandwidth and realized gain of the antenna at 3.5 GHz and 4.9 GHz are 3.47-3.68 GHz with a gain of 3.9 dBi and 4.62-5.16 GHz with a gain of 5.5 dBi, respectively. Compared with the traditional SIW dual-band antenna, the bandwidth of the antenna has been significantly improved. The proposed antenna has a simple structure and exhibits excellent radiation performance in both operating frequency bands, making it suitable for 5G mobile communication systems.

The sidewall roughness of through-glass vias (TGVs) at high frequencies significantly impacts the integrity and reliability of signal transmissions via the inductance and resistance-correction factors resulting from the combined effect of the skin depth and sidewall roughness. Here, to further investigate the generation and mechanism of the correction factors, a hemispherical physical model of the sidewall roughness of actual TGVs is proposed, and the RL model comprising the skin depth and sidewall roughness is derived; the measured results were compared with the causal hemispherical model and the multilevel causal Huray model, and it was verified that the proposed hemispherical model can calculate the RL parasitic parameters of TGV with high accuracy. Concurrently, the proposed hemispherical model confirms that the correction factor for internal inductance is larger than that for resistance; it can explore the main source of sidewall-roughness-induced parasitic effects. Moreover, the model offers a solution for reducing the sidewall-roughness-induced parasitic effects.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing provides an effective method for deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying mosquito development and mosquito-borne disease transmission, as well as for exploring genetic control strategies. However, delivering the Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex by embryo injection to produce genetic modifications is challenging, is mostly confined to model mosquitoes and specialized laboratories, and has low editing efficiency. Here, we established an effective Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo (ReMOT) control method, enabling the introduction of heritable mutations into Anopheles sinensis , the major malaria vector in China and Southeast Asia, via the injection of female adult mosquitoes. Injection of a mixture of P2C-DsRed and saponin resulted in red fluorescence in the ovaries, with a 100% success rate. Using this system, we knocked-out the pigment synthesis genes, Aswhite and Asyellow , using injected wild-type (WT) females mated with WT males, resulting in the highest efficiency of gene editing among mosquitoes under the same mating conditions. Furthermore, the gene-editing efficiency was increased by at least 2.1-fold using injected WT females mated with mutant males. This improved ReMOT control method exhibits high editing efficiency, with important benefits in terms of functional genomics research and genetic control strategies in An. sinensis . Moreover, this represents a convenient method for gene manipulation in laboratories that are unable to perform embryo injection or that lack embryo-injection equipment.### Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.

Genetic modification via gene editing has become a widely adopted and demonstrably effective method in functional gene research within entomology. However, the optimal efficiency and simplicity of delivering exogenous guide RNA clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 complexes into target tissues are crucial for successful gene editing. The Receptor Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo (ReMOT) strategy, which simplifies the delivery process, target site selection, technical requirements, and delivery cost compared with embryonic microinjection, enabling efficient editing at the germline level, is gaining increasing attention. Although the feasibility and advantages of this technique have been demonstrated in various insect species, further optimization of operational details and the overcoming of further bottlenecks are still required. This review focuses on advances in developing ReMOT as a valuable technology, exploring its applicability, rationale for selecting the ovary as a delivery target site, factors influencing its efficiency, and recommendations for improvement. The versatility and effectiveness of ReMOT make it a promising method for researchers looking to make precise genetic modifications with greater ease and efficiency. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

A novel coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed frequency reconfigurable antenna based on epsilon negative transmission line (ENG-TL) is presented in this letter. By controlling the switch, the parameters of the ENG-TL structure unit are changed, and the antenna can work on different frequency bands. By using varactor diode as a switch, the resonant frequency of the antenna continuously varies from 2.55 to 3.45 GHz while the bandwidth of 450 MHz keeps unchanged, which is suitable for n77 of sub-6 GHz. But by using the PIN diode as a switch, the antenna can be reconfigured on three modes, lower single-band (2.33-2.81 GHz), dual-band (1.67-1.81 GHz and 3.32-3.60 GHz), and higher single-band (3.98-4.22 GHz). The designed antenna is suitable for use in WLAN, DCS, and WiMAX (2.5/3.3 GHz). The simulated results are in good agreement with the measured results.

Two compact wideband antennas based on Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW) with different substrates of magneto-dielectric material (MDM) and dielectric material (DM) are presented. Both antennas have a similar structure, consisting of an HMSIW cavity, a microstrip to CPW transition feedline, as well as a leaf-type radiation slot. The metal via is employed as a perturbation to extend the bandwidth. The simulated and measured results show that the fractional bandwidths of both antennas are about 10%. Compared to the DM antenna, the bandwidth of the MDM antenna almost keeps unchanged, but the dimension is reduced about 38.5% and the peak gain is also increased from 4.1dBi to 6.14dBi.

Gene drive refers to the phenomenon that specific genes or genetic elements are passed from parent to offspring in the form of super-Mendelian inheritance. In recent years, based on the genetic characteristics of gene drive and the theoretical basis of their molecular mechanisms, and supported by CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system, gene-driven genetic control technology has become an advanced research hotspot in the field of basic mosquito biology and genetic control. And there have emerged some practical and effective achievements that take into account ecological stability. This paper reviews the basic principles of gene drive, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated and HDR-type drive technology strategies, improved strategies to reduce gene-driven resistance and potential risks, and simulation analysis of gene drive. It is hoped to provide a reference for the development of a gene-driven mosquito genetic control technology system that takes both high efficiency and safety into consideration.

A double U-slotted antenna for radio frequency identification (RFID) tags mountable on metallic surfaces is presented. A novel rectangular-loop feed structure without any via-hole or shorting plate is proposed to perform inductive reactance. A pair of U-slots is presented to perform broad impedance band. The proposed design is verified by simulation and measurement. The measured maximum read range on a metal with a size of $200\mathbf{mm}\times 200\mathbf{mm}$ is 1.4m $(\mathbf{EIRP}=0.4\mathbf{W})$. The measured impedance is proximately corresponding to the simulated results.

This letter proposed a novel circular polarization (CP) reconfigurable antenna with off-centered fed. The off-centered feed line is designed to separate two orthogonal modes produced by the antenna with 90 degree phase difference, which could form a circular polarization wave. By controlling the state of a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch, different RF paths can be chose and the antenna can work in left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) mode or right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) mode with the 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 16.3%.When the SPDT is left turn-on, the antenna in the direction of Z axis works in LHCP and in negative direction of Z axis works in RHCP. The switch is directly driven by digital signal and no bias network is needed. The measured results are agreed well with the simulations. This proposed antenna is suitable for WLAN 5.2 GHz/5.8 GHz applications.

A compact frequency-reconfigurable antenna with operating in two modes is presented. By controlling the state of the PIN-diode switch, the proposed antenna can work as either a narrowband antenna covering 5.85-6.5GHz for C-Band communication or a band-notched UWB antenna ranging from 3.1 to 10.6GHz with a filtered band 5.15-5.825 GHz for WLAN system. There is no need to introduce any blocking capacities and the bias network is very simple. The two I-shaped stubs and switches are the key elements to the operating bands of the proposed antenna. The antenna is fabricated and measured. Detailed investigation of the parameters was performed, and the simulated results coincide with the measured well.

The method to efficiently design a sparse near-field focusing sparse array antenna is introduced here. First, the calculation model and analysis method of three array topologies including the square grid, the circular grid, and the regular triangular grid are established. The evaluation criterion is the lowest sparsity under the condition that the focusing performance of the sparse array approaches to that of a referenced focusing array with the element spacing of a half of one wavelength. After comparing the focusing performance of these array antennas with different grids, the circular-grid array is the optimal one and selected to further discuss the influence of different topology parameters. The optimal sparse near-field focusing array should have the constant distance between two adjacent rings and increase three elements compared with the last ring. Finally, the method based on the proposed selection criteria is employed to design a sparse near-field focusing sparse array. The correctness of the method has been validated by the full-wave simulated results.

The compact reconfigurable antennas based on composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line are proposed and analyzed in this paper. The proposed antenna is fed by the asymmetric coplanar strip (ACPS) and consists of coupling radiation patch as well as a PIN diode. The differences of the antennas with meander line and without meander line are discussed. By utilizing a PIN diode as the CRLH transmission line termination, the termination states can be controlled, and the resonance of the antenna can thus be tuned between the two zeroth-order resonant frequencies. By switching the diode, the antenna with meander line is able to operate in single-band of 2.08-2.54 GHz and dual-bands of 1.65-1.84 GHz and 5.35-6.40 GHz, while the antenna without meander line is able to operation between two single-bands of 1.84-2.28 GHz and 4.6-6.0 GHz. All these operation bands cover the UMTS (1750 MHz-1780 MHz), ISM (2.4 GHz), WIMAX (2.5-2.69 GHz) and WLAN (2.4-2.484 GHz/5.725-5.825 GHz) applications. The radiation performance was simulated by High Frequency Structure Simulator, and the measurements were taken in an anechoic chamber to verify the simulation results. Good agreements are observed between the simulated and measured results. Moreover, the radiation patterns of the proposed antennas remain stable at different reconfigurable bands.

Near-field focusing performance of different sparse arrays with grid topologies is calculated and compared in this paper. Firstly, the near-field characteristics based on the square, circular and regular triangular topologies are calculated accurately. The correctness of the calculation is verified by the simulation. It is found that the circular sparse array has the best performance in sparsity and focusing ability among three topologies. Then, the influence of the regular change in the element distance of the circular sparse array is discussed. The best selection criterion for the near-field focusing sparse array antenna is that the distance between two elements on the ring and the distance between two rings are two constants.

We consider the problem of uplink channel estimation for millimeter wave (mmWave) systems, where the base station (BS) and mobile stations (MSs) are equipped with large antenna arrays to provide sufficient beamforming gain for outdoor wireless communications. Hybrid analog and digital beamforming structures are employed by both the BS and the MS due to hardware constraints. We propose a layered pilot transmission scheme and a CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) decomposition-based method for joint estimation of the channels from multiple users (i.e., MSs) to the BS. The proposed method exploits the intrinsic low-rank structure of the multiway data collected from multiple modes, where the low-rank structure is a result of the sparse scattering nature of the mmWave channel. The uniqueness of the CP decomposition is studied, and the sufficient conditions for essential uniqueness are obtained. The conditions shed light on the design of the beamforming matrix, the combining matrix, and the pilot sequences, and meanwhile provide general guidelines for choosing system parameters. Our analysis reveals that our proposed method can achieve a substantial training overhead reduction by leveraging the low-rank structure of the received signal. Simulation results show that the proposed method presents a clear advantage over a compressed sensing-based method in terms of both estimation accuracy and computational complexity.

In this paper, we present a novel frequency reconfigurable antenna which could be easily operate in a single notched-band (WiMAX (3.3-3.6 GHz)) UWB frequency band, another single notched-band (WLAN (5-6 GHz)) UWB frequency band and the dual band-notched UWB frequency band (the stopband covers the WiMAX (3.3-3.6 GHz) and WLAN (5-6 GHz)). The reconfigurability is achieved by changing the states of PIN diodes. The simulated results are in agreement well with the measured results. And the measured patterns are slightly changed with antenna reconfiguration. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for various UWB applications.