Diabetes foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most intractable complications of diabetes and is related to a number of risk factors. DFU therapy is difficult and involves long-term interdisciplinary collaboration, causing patients physical and emotional pain and increasing medical costs. With a rising number of diabetes patients, it is vital to figure out the causes and treatment techniques of DFU in a precise and complete manner, which will assist alleviate patients' suffering and decrease excessive medical expenditure. Here, we summarised the characteristics and progress of the physical therapy methods for the DFU, emphasised the important role of appropriate exercise and nutritional supplementation in the treatment of DFU, and discussed the application prospects of non-traditional physical therapy such as electrical stimulation (ES), and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the treatment of DFU based on clinical experimental records in ClinicalTrials.gov.

Natural product corynoline is a unique isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Corydalis bungeana Turcz, whereas its anticancer properties have not been investigated. In this study, we found that corynoline potently impairs the growth of melanoma cells, B16F10, and A375 in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of melanoma cells with corynoline results in G2 cell arrest accompanied by reduced cdc2 activation. Furthermore, corynoline triggers apoptosis of melanoma cells, which is associated with increased expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Mechanistic study indicates that corynoline strongly induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and subsequent DNA damage as evidenced by γ-H2AX accumulation. Notably, the effect of corynoline on melanoma cell cycle and apoptosis is abolished by a ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), indicating a ROS-dependent mechanism. Finally, corynoline significantly inhibits in vivo B16F10 melanoma tumor growth accompanied by reduced expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissue. Taken together, our data suggest that corynoline suppresses melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing oxidative stress and represents a potential therapeutic agent for melanoma patients.

Studies have shown the potential of nanomaterials for the accurate and early detection of cancer. The aim of the present study was to design and evaluate the value of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSA)-targeted manganese oxide–mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Mn–Msns) for the detection of prostate cancer. Mn–Msns were prepared, and then conjugated with the PSA antibody and Cy7 to create the multimodality PSA-Mn-Msn-Cy7. Their particle size, zeta potential, stability and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of the nanoparticles were characterized. Optical and MR imaging were evaluated in cell and tumor-bearing mouse models. The Mn in tissues was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The fabricated nanoparticles were stable and showed good T1relaxivity. The targeted nanoparticles accumulated to a great extent in prostate cancer cells in vitro but not in noncancerous cells. In vivo studies further demonstrated a targeted distribution of PSA-Mn-Msn-Cy7 to cancer tissues as shown by high optical and T1 signals. The targeted distribution was also confirmed by determining the Mn content in the cancer tissues. Our data demonstrate that PSA targeted fluorescence and MR dual-functional nanoparticle can visualize prostate cancer and can be used as NIRF/MR contrast agents.

The SrHfO3:Ce particles were prepared by hydrothermal method using KOH and NaOH as mineralizer,and Ce(NO3)3 ·6H2O as activator. The influence of two kinds of mineralizers on phase transformation,the powder morphologies and excitation and emission spectra were studied by XRD,SEM and fluorescence spectrometer. The results show that different mineralizers lead to different morphology. When using KOH as the mineralizer,the powder morphology is spherical. While using NaOH as mineral-izer,the powder morphology is square. The luminescent intensity of the spherical particle is higher than that of the square particle.

The anatase TiO_2 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method using TBOT( tetrabutyl titanate) as titanium source and ammonium hydroxide as mineralizer. In the crystalline growth process of the anatase TiO_2 nanoparticles,the phase,the structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction( XRD),raman spectrum,scanning electron microscope( SEM) and transmission electron microscopy( TEM). The experimental results demonstrate that anatase TiO_2 nanoparticles crystal formation and growth depend on the reaction time. The growth kinetics of anatase TiO_2 nanoparticles can be described by the JMA equation. The results show that Avrami exponent n increased gradually with the titanium concentration source increasing.

Nanosized TiO2 with deposited CuO (CuO/TiO2) photocatalysts were synthesized by impregnation and thermal decomposition method. The photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen evolution was investigated over CuO/TiO2 with ethylene glycol as an electron donor. The effect of CuO loading, irradiation time, photocatalyst amount, initial concentration of the ethylene glycol solution on the reaction rate of photocatalric hydrogen evolution was studied. The possible reaction mechanism was also discussed. The results show that the optimal hydrogen evolution rate reachs 604.5 mu mol.h(-1) . g(-1) under irradiation of 300 W Xe lamp. The CuO/TiO2 photocatalyst possesses enhanced optical absorption property, which can help to reduce the electron-hole recombination because the photo-generated electrons in TiO2 can be readily transferred to CuO. We suggest that ethylene glycol as electron donor may be further oxidized via glycolic acid.

BACKGROUND:Naringin is a bioflavonoid and has free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties.METHODS:We examined the effects of naringin on skin after ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) irradiation and the signal pathways by in vitro and in vivo assay.RESULTS:HaCaT cells pretreated with naringin significantly inhibited UVB induced-cell apoptosis and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in HaCaT cells pretreated with naringin were decreased compared with the only UVB group. Also, the activation of p38 induced by UVB in HaCaT cells was reversed by naringin treatments. The inhibition function of naringin on p38 activity was more obvious than JNK. In vivo, topical treatments with naringin prevented the increase of epidermal thickness, IL-6 production, cell apoptosis and the overexpression of COX-2 in BALB/c mice skin irradiated with UVB. Naringin treatment also markedly blocked the activation of p38 in response to UVB stimulation in the mouse skin.CONCLUSION:Naringin can effectively protect against UVB-induced keratinocyte apoptosis and skin damage by inhibiting ROS production, COX-2 overexpression and strong inflammation reactions. It seemed that naringin played its role against UVB-induced skin damage through inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p38 activation.

This paper proposes an intra-PAN mobility management scheme for IPv6 over Low-power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPAN) on the basis of "network-based" idea. We developed a tree-like network architecture which includes coordinate nodes for packet routing. All of the control messages are designed to transmit in link layer, and the sensor nodes are free to consider care-of address and the mobile nodes are unnecessary to deal with any mobility handoff messages. The simulation results show that this scheme efficiently cuts down the signaling cost and reduces the energy consumed by fixed nodes which can extend the life time of the whole Personal area networks (PAN).

BaHfO3:Ce powders were prepared by normal strike co-precipitation(NSC) method and reverse strike co-precipitation(RSC) method respectively. The phase composition, particle morphology and luminescence properties of BaHfO3:Ce powders were characterized by XRD, TG-DTA and SEM. The effect of different precipitation methods on synthesis kinetics of particle was investigated at different heating rates. The results show that the precursors prepared by NSC and RSC decompose in three stages. The apparent activation energy of each stage is calculated using the Doyle-Ozawa and Kissinger methods. The average apparent activation energies of the three reaction stages of precursors prepared by NSC and RSC are 83.41, 61.70, 262.11 kJ.mol(-1) and 81.70, 42.86, 253.44 kJ.mol(-1) respectively. The activation energies of grain growth for BaHfO3:Ce powders prepared by NSC and RSC are 27.36 kJ.mol(-1) and 23.07 kJ.mol(-1) severally. The powder prepared by RSC method exhibits excellent luminescence properties with higher intensity of excitation spectrum excited by 530nm and emission spectrum excited by 399 nm. The BaHfO3:Ce ceramic is partly transparent after being sintered at 2 073 K in vacuum for 3 h.

The Pr2Zr2O7 nanoparticles were prepared by using NSC and RSC co-precipitation method with ammonia as precipitant agent. XRD, SEM, TEM and TG-DTA were applied to analysis the crystallization and morphology of the samples. Synthesis kinetics of the preparation process and dynamics of grain growth were studied, and the apparent activation energy was calculated respectively by using Doyle-Ozawa method and the Kissinger method. The results show that the samples topography near spherical, there are no agglomeration and the mean particle size is about 60nm. They were obtained under the conditions of titration rate, 2 mL.min(-1), initial concentration of resolution, 0.05 mol.L-1, system temperature 273K and calcination at 1 173 K for 2 h by RSC. The average apparent activation energy of the particles, obtained by NSC, were 71.2, 97.8 and 183.2 kJ.mol(-1) in each stage and the RSCs were 45.37, 84.34 and 152.16 kJ.mol(-1); the grain growth activation energy of them were 19.02 and 11.95 kJ.mol(-1) respectively, the latter decreases 7.07 kJ.mol(-1) than the former. Reverse co-precipitation preparation technology is better than that of positive co-precipitation method.

Biocompatible porous titanium could be used for surgical implants like bones, joint prostheses or dental roots due to its excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Porous structure permits ingrowth of bone tissue, transportation of body fluid and nutrients. Mechanical property like elastic modulus and compressive strength depends on the pore characteristics like porosity, pore size, pore morphology of the porous titanium fabricated by different methods. The tailored elastic modulus of porous titanium matches that of cancellous bones. Deposition of hydroxyapatite coating on the surface of porous titanium can improve its bioactivity and biocompatibility. The fabrication method, surface modification, in vitro and in vivo studies and future research directions of porous titanium are reviewed in this literature.