Solar-driven membrane distillation (SDMD) opens up promising opportunities to solve freshwater supply predicament in remote and off-grid locations. However, such technology suffers from low permeability and poor resistance to wetting, which impedes its extensive application. Herein, we provided a novel MXene-coating photothermal layer design protocol by inducing dual-spacing channels between their nanosheets through a hydrazine-induced way. For one thing, the hierarchical MXene layer structure possessed unique merits in lightheat management, including improved light adsorption, high light-heat conversion efficiency, and inert heat dispersion, which facilitated vapor generation. For another, the dual-spacing channels relieved the resistance for vapor transportation by the wide region, while the high surface hydrophobicity and narrow region of the channels performed as double barriers to prevent sault invasion to resist wetting. Based on the synergistic effect, a preeminent photothermal efficiency of 94% with a vapor permeance of 1.66 kg/m(2)h under 1 sun illumination for 3.5% salinity solution was achieved, which was 1.4 times higher than that of pure MXene membrane. Meanwhile, the MXene foam membrane could fulfill a stable freshwater intake of 10.6 L m(-2) .day(-1) for a household under natural sunlight illumination using Huanghai seawater. This research provides a delicate one-stone-two-birds strategy in constructing high permeability and anti-wetting SDMD membrane for potable water production.

To alleviate global water scarcity, membrane distillation (MD) has been identified as a promising technology for desalination. However, there exists a trade-off effect between membrane permeability and anti-wetting performance, impeding the intensive application of MD. To address this problem, inspired by the ion-sieving effect and the special nanostructure of aquaporins to break the trade-off between permeability and selectivity, a porous MXene coating layer with heterostructural channels in fusiform shape was designed on a PVDF membrane through a hydrazine-induced approach. The coating layer was in a foam shape with hydrophobic surfaces and outstanding stability in water. The delicate-designed fusiform channels endowed the membrane with enhanced permeability (the average flux of the optimum modified membrane was 55.59 kg/m2h with a temperature gradient of 60 degrees C (feed temperature: 70 degrees C and permeate temperature: 10 degrees C) and flow velocity of 400 ml/min, nearly 2.5 times as high as that of the virgin membrane) and resistance to simultaneous sault induced and foulant-induced wetting performance. This paper proposed a novel strategy for engineering porous nanostructures with dual-spacing channels on the membrane surface to ensure high permeability and stable excellent desalination performance.

Though a nascent field, corporate political advocacy has gained increasing attention as practi-tioners and scholars seek to understand how companies perform their community citizenship while motivating consumers to engage in corporate political advocacy initiatives, particularly on social media. From the perspective of lifestyle politics theory, this study used a survey (N = 913) to explore the factors that are associated with two responses to corporate political advoca-cy--consumer digital engagement in response to corporate political advocacy (CDE-CPA) and political consumerism (i.e., buycotting and boycotting). The findings suggested different mech-anisms for CDE-CPA and political consumerism. We found that weekday social media usage is positively associated with CDE-CPA but negatively associated with buycotting. Also, extraverted individuals prefer to engage in CDE-CPA activities but not political consumerism; and emotionally stable individuals tend to engage in buycotting and high-CDE activities to support corporate political advocacy.

Rapid changes in the media landscape due to the emergence of social media and mobile technology have challenged public relations scholars to advance theory and research on media relations—a function of public relations traditionally considered to exist between public relations practitioners and journalists. In the new media ecosystem, media relations should be approached participatively, recognizing the alternative voices and influence agents that now join the news media in shaping public opinion and policy, which may include a variety of individuals, groups, and organizations. Agenda-building is an apt concept to serve as the foundation for a strategically focused research paradigm for media relations in the digital age, as it suggests that a broader array of voices should be considered in the salience formation, transfer, and exchange processes of communication.

为提高纳滤膜分离特性、拓展其在水处理中的适用性,以聚砜(PSf)为膜基材,以由4,4'-二氨基二苯醚(4,4'-ODA)改性的聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(m-PPTA)和氧化石墨烯(GO)为共混材料,采用相转化法制得基膜后,再通过界面聚合法制备改性氧化石墨烯芳香族聚酰胺复合纳滤膜(m-PPTA/PSf-GO),研究改性材料占比对膜表面形貌、内部结构及其分离性能的影响.结果表明:当m-PPTA 占比为6％并均匀分布时,膜表面出现明显凸起,有助于支撑层与聚酰胺层紧密结合;引入GO可使膜亲水性增强、内部海绵状空隙增多,有利于水分子的转移;当GO 占比为0.005％时,m-PPTA/PSf-GO对分别含MgSO4、Na2SO4水样的水通量和截留率最佳,依次为68.7、71.0 L/(m2·h·MPa)和91.3％、94.8％.该共混改性方法简便,m-PPTA和GO的引入可有效提高复合纳滤膜的分离性能.

This study aims to investigate the impact of gamification as applied to public relations, specifically its ability to engage the public with social issues. Using a survey of users on a corporate-sponsored sustainability-themed gamification platform (N = 417), the study examines the effects of two gamified two-way communication strategies—feedback and value co-creation—on the public's feeling of engagement. Additionally, it explores the mediating role of motivational experiences and perceptions of the organization-public relationship in this process. The findings provide empirical evidence that gamification can enhance corporate public engagement programs by offering motivational affordances, thus creating an encouraging environment that satisfies individual users' needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Consequently, positive perceptions of the relationship with the company are strengthened, leading to increased psychological engagement. This study's contribution to the field lies in its novel perspective on gamification research within the context of public relations, bridging the gap in empirical research regarding its effectiveness in corporate communication. It sheds light on the potential of gamification as a valuable tool for corporate public engagement.

Unlike Western corporations, Chinese companies have yet to widely adopt corporate social advocacy (CSA) as a proactive strategy for corporate communication due to the different cultures and business environments. With only a handful of Chinese companies committing to CSA communication, the consequences of such practice on consumer relationship building and maintenance remain elusive. In light of expectancy violations theory (EVT), this study explores Chinese consumers' expectations of domestic CSA on the issue of same-sex marriage and the effects of proactive corporate social advocacy communication. Through structure equation modeling of 418 survey responses, this study examines the relationship between the violation of Chinese consumers' expectations of CSA and the quality of consumer relationships through the mediation of violation valence, violation expectedness, and relationship certainty.

Industrialization and urbanization have resulted in large volumes of municipal wastewater containing abundant refractory humic acid (HA), which is difficult to biodegrade with carcinogenic byproducts and has posed a great threat to human health. Photocatalysis is a promising advanced oxidation process (AOP) for the efficient degradation of HA. In this work, a novel three-step electrochemical method was employed to fabricate electrochemically converted N-doped TiO2 nanotubes/graphene (ENTG) composite film. Compared with traditional hydrothermally synthesized N-doped TiO2/graphene (NTG) nanoparticles, the ENTG photocatalyst exhibited enhanced degradation performance, recyclability and stability. It was found that ETNG can extend the range of light absorption to over 400 nm and narrow the band gap to 2.7 eV. The degradation rate for HA was up to 92.3% under the optimum condition. The preparation mechanism for ENTG is based on an electrochemical reduction–deposition hypothesis, while the degradation mechanism is dependent on adsorption and free radical oxidation. According to a free radical quenching test, both •OH and •O2− radicals were produced, and •OH played the dominant role in HA degradation. In general, ENTG is a promising photocatalyst for further application in municipal wastewater treatment.

The purpose of this study was to compare the agenda-building influence of President Trump and CEOs in communicating about a number of political and social issues. Through a content analysis of the president's (N = 63) and business leaders' (N = 234) information subsidies and news coverage (N = 270), evidence was found repeatedly supporting the president's first, second, and third levels of agenda-building influence on news media content. In comparison, CEOs' agenda-building influence was found at the first and third levels, and this influence was not consistent across issues. Furthermore, an argument was made in light of the study's findings that direct communication by business leaders generally had a more significant impact on the media agenda than indirect messages from other organizational actors such as their companies or corporate spokespeople.

This study investigates the public relations strategies employed by the Chinese Government to convince other countries to join the new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). A framing analysis was conducted to examine the presence, valence, and evolution of the framed messages involving soft power resources and the dimensions of the relationship between organizations and the public. The findings included the following: (a) China’s economic strength was the predominant soft power resource; (b) the relational frames disclosed China’s strategic intention in attempting to expand the narrow space that is currently available for the country’s international activities by expressing willingness to obey the rules of the existing US-dominated economic order; and (c) international newspapers showed more interest in and more negative attitudes toward the relational dimension of trust, which indicates the need for the Chinese Government to continue to dispel doubts about the geopolitical role of the AIIB.