Nitrides in steel exhibit distinct angular morphologies, and large-sized nitrides are prone to induce stress concentration during plastic deformation of steel, which leads to crack initiation. In order to accurately predict the growth size of nitrides during solidification, traditional models overlooks the effects of alloying elements such as Al and Ti on the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS). In this study, the empirical model of SDAS calculation is modified by high temperature deoxidation alloying experiment, SEM-EDS, high temperature laser confocal experiment (HT-CLSM) and other characterization methods. Taking TiN precipitation and growth as a case study, a kinetic model considering the coupling of micro-segregation and nitride precipitation and growth was constructed and modified. The results show that the size of nitrides in steel decreases with the increase of cooling rate. The empirical equation based on the measured data of SDAS can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of nitride growth size. The average deviation of TiN size and experimental value under the modified model is only 1.84 pct, and the average deviation of AlN is 7.29 pct. The model is extended to the high-strength steel system for new energy battery packs. The deviation between the predicted and actual values of TiN and AlN sizes are ≤ 10 pct. This work provides theoretical support and model reference for the precise control and process optimization of nitride inclusions in steel.

The effects of different strain rates on the evolution of inclusions and microstructure in Ti-Zr deoxidized low-carbon microalloyed steel have been investigated. The results indicated that the strain rate during hot compression had no significant effect on the number density of oxides, but that the MnS precipitated on the oxide surface underwent extension and fracture, leading to changes in the aspect ratio and size distribution. Nitrides retained typical morphologies at lower strain rates; with the strain rate increase, and gradual extension and deformation were initiated until obvious fragmentation and fracture occurred. Sulfides experienced breakage and extension; with the strain rate increase, the deformability of sulfides relative to the matrix improved. As the strain rate ranged from 0.01 s−1 to 1.0 s−1, the ferrite grain size showed no significant difference. When the strain rate increased to 10.0 s−1, the ferrite grain size was obviously refined, and the grain sizes with misorientation angles of 4° and 15° decreased to 2.69 μm and 3.28 μm. Meanwhile, with the strain rate increase, the banded structure gradually intensified. Therefore, considering the microstructure and grain size after hot deformation, a low strain rate can effectively alleviate banded structures while achieving grain refinement and microstructural uniformity.

Based on the classic weak bond theory of hydrogen embrittlement, the interfaces of non-metallic inclusions act as hydrogen traps in steel, and their interfacial stability directly governs the resistance of pipeline steel to hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC). Modifying inclusions to form finely dispersed Oxide-MnS interfaces is an effective strategy to enhance HIC resistance. Although the two-dimensional mismatch degree is widely used to interpret interface formation mechanisms, predicted crystallographic relationships often deviate significantly from actual observations. The modification mechanisms of Al2O3 and MnS inclusions via Mg and Zr treatments are systematically clarified in this study. Combining high-temperature experiments, multi-scale characterization (SEM-EDS, FIB, TEM), and first-principles calculations, the formation pathways of Oxide-MnS composite inclusions and the intrinsic factors governing interfacial stability are revealed in this work. Results indicate that Al2O3 is modified by Mg treatment mainly through generation of small-sized MgAl2O4 as nucleation cores, while Al2O3 is modified by Zr treatment through weakening of the bonding between Al and O, with preferential formation of fine-sized ZrO2. TEM identifies actual interfacial relationships: MgAl2O4(111) // MnS(200), ZrO2(−111) // MnS(220) and Al2O3(10–14) // MnS(200). It is demonstrated by theoretical calculations that traditional mismatch-based models and experimentally derived interfaces exhibit opposite stability trends, highlighting inherent limitations in relying solely on mismatch degree. Due to the smaller ionic radius and lower polarizability of Mg2+ compared to Zr4+ and Al3+, quantitative analysis of interfacial energy, charge density, PDOS, and Mulliken population confirms not only the stronger OMn bonding and superior stability at the MgAl₂O₄-MnS interface, but also reveals a novel approach to regulating MnS nucleation through cation polarizability.

During the slag-matte separation in low nickel matte smelting, one of the vital reasons for valuable metals losses is the entrainment of molten matte into slag by floating SO2 bubbles. The density functional theory (DFT) based on first principles was adopted to investigate the interfacial adsorption behavior of low nickel matte main components FeS, Ni3S2, Cu2S and SO2, and analyze their adsorption energy, electron transfer and microscopic mechanism. Calculation results indicate that the adsorption energy of SO2 on hexagonal FeS-001 is − 1.35 eV, with a weak covalent interaction present at the interface. The adsorption energy of Ni3S2 toward SO2-110 is − 7.22 eV, exhibiting the strongest interaction, hybridization occurs between O atoms in SO2 and S atoms on the surface of Ni3S2. For cubic Cu2S, the adsorption energy of SO2 is − 1.77 eV, and strong interactions are established between O atoms in SO2 and Cu on the Cu2S surface. Adsorptions of three sulfides with SO2 are all chemical adsorption. Among these, SO2 exhibits significantly higher adsorption energy on Ni3S2 than FeS and Cu2S, facilitating the entrainment of Ni3S2 into slag by SO2 bubbles and thus, causing nickel loss. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for reducing valuable metal losses and optimizing smelting processes.

A multiphysics coupled model integrating molten-steel flow, solidification heat transfer, solute transport, and electromagnetic forces was developed to study macrosegregation in 180 mm & times; 220 mm medium-carbon, sulfur-bearing F38MnVS continuous-casting billets. The model was validated against measurements of the electromagnetic field, billet-surface temperature, and solute (C and S) distributions. Simulations show that mold curvature induces asymmetric flow and temperature fields; ignoring curvature, therefore biases the predicted mixing and solidification behavior. mold electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) enhances recirculation and mixing, improving flow uniformity. While increasing M-EMS current accelerates the growth of the solidified shell, it exacerbates both subcutaneous negative segregation and center-positive segregation. For final EMS (F-EMS), higher frequency lowers the local temperature and increases solid fraction, accelerating solidification. An appropriate electromagnetic stirring frequency helps alleviate the centerline macrosegregation. However, an excessively high stirring frequency can aggravate this phenomenon due to severe dendrite fragmentation. The synergetic application of M-EMS and F-EMS effectively suppresses solute enrichment and enhances overall billet quality. Through the synergistic use of M-EMS (300 A, 3 Hz) and F-EMS (400 A, 8 Hz), this study successfully minimized macrosegregation and lowered the centerline segregation indices of C and S to 1.19 and 1.081, respectively.

In nickel flash smelting, the adhesion of Fe3O4 to low-nickel matte results in the physical entrapment loss of valuable metals in slag, posing a critical barrier to improving copper and nickel recovery rates. In this study, the interfacial adhesion behaviors between Fe3O4 and representative sulfides in low-nickel matte, including FeS, Ni3S2, and Cu2S, were systematically investigated using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate the underlying adhesion mechanisms. The calculated adsorption energies of the (111) crystal plane of Fe3O4 with FeS, Ni3S2, and Cu2S are −13.74, −5.91, and −13.19 eV, respectively, substantially higher than those associated with SO2 and other matte constituents. This indicates that interfacial adhesion dominates the separation process between slag and matte at the interface. Electronic structure analysis reveals there exists significant charge transfer and covalent bonding between FeS, Cu2S with Fe3O4, as evidenced by distinct hybridization peaks in the density of states (DOS) near −4.23 and −4.60 eV. In contrast, Ni3S2 exhibits weaker interfacial polarization and lower binding strength. Based on these findings, strategies such as reducing the Fe/SiO2 ratio, raising the smelting temperature, and minimizing oxygen partial pressure and Fe3O4 content are proposed to enhance fluidity and interfacial tension between low-nickel matte and slag, which accordingly mitigate the adhesion effect between the Fe3O4 and low nickel matte, thereby offering theoretical guidance for improving the recovery efficiency of valuable metals during matte smelting.

Quantitatively determining the effect of volume shrinkage during the peritectic reaction on hot cracking formation is crucial. P91 high-alloy steel was taken as the research object. The solidification process was observed in-situ using a high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscope, and the liquid phase feeding capacity and solidification shrinkage behavior during the phase precipitation and transformation stages of the peritectic reaction were analyzed. A hot cracking susceptibility criterion related to solid–liquid density changes and mushy zone permeability during the peritectic reaction was established to quantitatively calculate the solidification shrinkage volume (Vs) and liquid phase feeding volume (Vf). Theoretical calculations show that Vs reaches the maximum value of 0.601 mm3 when the solid fraction (fs) is 0.839, with the difference between Vf and Vs being approximately 2.52 mm3. Experimental results indicate that Vs peaks at 0.764 mm3 when fs is 0.828, and the difference between Vf and Vs is about 2.69 mm3. The maximum theoretical Vs is 0.163 mm3 lower than the experimental result. The probability of hot cracking is the highest when fs is about 0.99, where Vf is approximately 0.366 mm3, Vs is about 0.118 mm3, and the difference is around 0.248 mm3. Under the experimental cooling rate (10 °C/min), Vf is always greater than Vs, which is consistent with the in-situ observation result of no cracks.

The swirling flow nozzle can accelerate molten steel overheating dissipation and mitigate the influence of the jet on the solidification shell by producing horizontal swirling on molten steel. It is essential to investigate an appropriate swirling flow nozzle structure to improve the flow field characteristics during continuous casting. A three-dimensional transient model of Phi 600 mm continuous casting round bloom curved mold was developed. Numerical simulations have been carried out to investigate the influences of different swirling flow nozzle angles (0 degrees/5 degrees/10 degrees/15 degrees/20 degrees) on the steel flow field, temperature field, solidified shell, and nozzle erosion in mold. The findings show that the stronger the entrainment capacity of the surrounding steel as the increase of swirling angle, the maximum velocity gradually decreases, the vortex center moves upward, and the flow field distribution becomes more uniform. Furthermore, the solidified shell thickness at the secondary cooling zone shows an increasing trend as the increase of swirling angle. The wall shear stress also increases with the swirling angle increases, resulting in greater nozzle erosion. When the SFN angle is 15 degrees, the nozzle erosion is relatively small, which can significantly improve the nozzle washing effect, and the shell uniformity index is relatively high, which is conducive to the shell's stable growth.

Secondary cooling control is a critical aspect in continuous casting production, significantly influencing the thermal state of cast blooms and directly affecting bloom quality. Focusing on the internal crack issues in P91 steel Phi 600 mm large round bloom continuous casting, the influence of secondary cooling water distribution on bloom crack susceptibility is systematically studied through numerical simulation combined with high-temperature tensile tests. Results show that with the specific water rate increasing from 0.10 L/kg to 0.14 L/kg, the uniformity of cross-sectional temperature distribution is significantly improved. High-temperature tensile tests identify the high-temperature brittle range of P91 steel as 1410-1440 degrees C. Numerical simulation reveals that increasing the specific water rates from 0.10 L/kg to 0.14 L/kg advances the solidification end point by 0.41 m and reduces the width of the crack-prone zone by 1.10 mm. Based on crack index evaluation, the crack index at the maximum reheat point in the secondary cooling zone at 0.14 L/kg specific water rates is 12% lower than that under 0.10 L/kg, with temperature distribution more concentrated in low-risk regions. These findings provide theoretical references for optimizing secondary cooling water distribution in large bloom continuous casting and offer critical guidance for controlling internal crack defects in practical production.

To enhance the accuracy of end-point control in converter steelmaking and reduce production costs, this study addresses the limitations of traditional prediction methods, due to data noise, nonlinear coupling, and lagging regulation, by proposing an intelligent prediction model integrating data preprocessing, end-point prediction, and reverse parameter optimization. The interquartile range (IQR) method and the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm are employed to preprocess data, eliminating outliers and noise. Based on random forest feature importance analysis, 14 key parameters, including oxygen blowing volume and scrap steel addition, are screened as input values. An empirical mode decomposition–support vector regression (EMD-SVR) end-point prediction model is constructed, achieving a hit rate of 83

Hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) in pipeline steels is closely associated with non-metallic inclusions and their interfacial hydrogen traps. Although Mg treatment can refine Al₂O₃ and MnS inclusions, how Mg-content-dependent inclusion evolution reorganizes heterogeneous hydrogen traps and affects HIC remains unclear. In this study, X80 pipeline steels containing 0, 3, 9, and 13 ppm Mg were investigated using multiscale characterization, hydrogen-trapping measurements, thermodynamic calculations, and first-principles calculations. Mg contents of 3–9 ppm transformed coarse Al₂O₃ clusters into fine, dispersed MgAl₂O₄-based composite inclusions, promoted more uniform MnS precipitation, and reduced HIC susceptibility. At 13 ppm Mg, sulfide precipitation preceded TiN formation, while the limited availability of effective heterogeneous nucleation substrates promoted abundant isolated TiN, increasing localized stress concentration and HIC susceptibility. Thermal desorption spectroscopy showed comparable high-temperature peak positions, profiles, and integrated areas for the 0 and 9 ppm Mg steels, indicating similar irreversible hydrogen-trapping capacities despite their markedly different HIC susceptibilities. This contrast was accompanied by the replacement of coarse, localized Al₂O₃-associated traps with numerous fine, dispersed MgAl₂O₄–sulfide interfacial traps and by a higher density of dislocation-related reversible trapping sites. First-principles calculations further confirmed favorable hydrogen segregation at representative MgAl₂O₄–sulfide and sulfide–Fe interfaces, with MgAl₂O₄(111)//MnS(200) exhibiting the most negative segregation energy of −1.08 eV. The improved HIC resistance of the 9 ppm Mg steel was therefore attributed primarily to the spatial reorganization of heterogeneous hydrogen traps rather than to an increase in total irreversible hydrogen-trapping capacity.

The selection of a rational F-EMS position is of great significance for improving the quality of large round blooms in the combined M-EMS and F-EMS stirring mode. A three-dimensional multi-field coupled mathematical model of the entire curved strand was established to simulate the molten steel flow, heat transfer, and solidification processes under different F-EMS positions. The results indicated that the stirring effect of the F-EMS was primarily concentrated in the middle-upper part of the stirring zone. As the F-EMS position was lowered, the disturbance of the liquid fraction in the stirring zone was gradually reduced, and the maximum flow velocity of the molten steel progressively decreased. When the F-EMS was positioned at 10.5 m from the meniscus, a higher rotational flow velocity was achieved, leading to a significantly enhanced stirring effect. Furthermore, no backflow was observed in the lower zone of the stirrer, and the flow field distribution was uniform. After the application of F-EMS, the solidification end point was shifted upward, and the solidified shell thickness on the inner arc side was consistently greater than that on the outer arc side. At the central crack initiation zone, the application of F-EMS was found to reduce the width of the crack-prone area, thereby decreasing the incidence of quality defects such as central cracks. Therefore, the optimal installation position for the F-EMS is determined to be 10.5 m from the meniscus. This configuration promotes uniform growth of the solidified shell, reduces the width of the crack-prone area at the central crack initiation location, and enhances both the overall bloom quality and the stability of the continuous casting process.

Magnetite (Fe3O4) is an essential material for enhancing microwave absorption performance and is widespread and abundant as a solid solution in natural minerals and metallurgical slags. In this work, the effect of Mg2+ on the structure, stabilization, and microwave absorption performance of magnesium-containing magnetite (MgxFe3−xO4) was investigated. On the basis of experiments on the reactions of Fe2O3 and MgO under different levels of pCO/(pCO + pCO2), MgxFe3−xO4 (x=0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6,1.0) was synthesized, and Mg2+ was found to inhibit the re-oxidation of magnetite. On this basis, the microwave absorption performance of various synthesized MgxFe3−xO4 samples was measured and analyzed, where Mg2+ was found to enhance the microwave absorption performance of Fe3O4, and the RLmin value of Mg0.2Fe2.8O4 increased to −50.43 dB compared to that of −19.20 dB for Fe3O4. Furthermore, the enhancement mechanism of Mg2+ was revealed through impedance matching, dielectric and magnetic loss tangents, and magnetization curves, where the Mg2+ ions were found to accelerate the hopping of electrons and change the impedance matching of MgxFe3−xO4 to a more ideal state.

Understanding the solidification shrinkage characteristics of peritectic steel at different cooling rates is necessary for defect control during solidification. The influence of extreme cooling conditions on the solidification shrinkage of peritectic steel is studied by in situ observation experiment, and a predictive model for the solidification mode of peritectic steel is constructed. Furthermore, the degree of solidification shrinkage of the steel melt is quantitatively characterized by the surface roughness of the samples. Research indicates that the solidification path of peritectic steel is: L → L + δ – Fe → δ – Fe + γ – Fe → γ − Fe under extremely rapid and isothermal cooling conditions; the solidification path of peritectic steel transforms to: L → L + δ – Fe → L + δ – Fe + γ – Fe → γ − Fe under nonisothermal cooling conditions. Under nonisothermal cooling conditions (10–100 °C min −1 ), as the cooling rate increases, the surface roughness of the samples decreases from 8.59 to 5.14 μm. However, under extremely rapid and isothermal cooling conditions, the surface roughness decreases to 1.34 and 1.85 μm, respectively. The critical cooling rate for the peritectic reaction (L + δ – Fe → γ − Fe) and peritectic transformation (δ – Fe → γ − Fe) is 205.2 °C min −1 .

Heterogeneous nucleation, characterized by its low nucleation barrier and controllable nucleation sites, has been widely employed to manipulate the microstructures and properties of metallic materials. In recent years, the dispersion of inclusions, carbides, and microstructure refinement in steel have emerged as one of the key research directions in the development of high-quality steel. The current research status regarding the regulation of inclusions, carbides, and microstructures in steel through heterogeneous nucleation are reviewed. The key points and challenges in refining the second phase and microstructure in steel using inclusion particles are highlighted, aiming to provide inspiration and references for future scholars. Deoxidized inclusions, when refined and dispersed, exhibit favorable lattice matching with second phases (e.g., nitrides, sulfides, carbides) in steel. This characteristic serves as the fundamental mechanism for achieving refinement of the second phase. Concurrently, the solid-solution alloying effect from deoxidizing metals contributes to second-phase refinement, an aspect that requires prioritized investigation. In addition to the single heterogeneous nucleation refinement effect, the two-stage heterogeneous nucleation refinement of the second phase and microstructure offers a new approach for follow-up research. Notably, second-phase particles added as heterogeneous nucleation sites via external addition often require surface modification to ensure their stable retention in steel at high temperatures, which remains a major challenge restricting the widespread application of this method. Currently, the explanation of heterogeneous nucleation phenomena primarily relies on empirical calculations of lattice mismatch between the substrate and the nucleating phase, which cannot fully elucidate the quantitative relationship on the interface between the substrate and the nucleation phase. On this basis, quantifying the electronic structure and nucleation barrier at the interface between the substrate and the nucleation phase is a critical direction worthy of increased attention in the future.

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Zr deoxidized low carbon microalloyed steel after 'quenching + tempering' (Q + T) and 'quenching + intercritical quenching + tempering' (Q + IQ + T) heat treatment were analyzed using the metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron probe microanalyzer, electronic universal testing machine and impact testing machine. The effect of element segregation band after hot rolling on the anisotropy of microstructure and mechanical properties of subsequent heat treatment was investigated. The results show that the essence of improving the banded structure by oxide metallurgy technology in the hot rolling process is to promote the formation of intragranular ferrite to break the bainite band, but the element segregation band produced during hot rolling will be inherited to the subsequent heat treatment process. After Q + T heat treatment, the microstructure is mainly martensite, and there is no obvious banded structure. The shear transformation of martensite weakens the influence of alloying element segregation and avoids the directionality of microstructure and the anisotropy of mechanical properties. After Q + IQ + T heat treatment, the martensite/ferrite bands or continuous martensite bands appear in the microstructure, and with the increase in intercritical quenching temperature, continuous martensite bands become more obvious. The appearance of banded structure aggravates the difference of mechanical properties in all directions, especially the difference of plasticity and toughness in longitudinal and transverse directions. Therefore, the banded structure can be avoided by regulating the nucleation rate difference between the element enrichment and depleted zones during the heat treatment process. The alloying elements segregation is a necessary condition for the formation of banded structure after heat treatment, but it is not a sufficient condition.

The study of the physicochemical properties of rare-earth electroslag systems is fundamental and crucial for the preparation of reduced activated ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel. The effects of Y2O3 and CaO/Al2O3 (C/A) on the melting temperature, viscosity, and electrical conductivity of the slag were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the melting temperature initially decreased and then increased as the Y2O3 content rose from 3 wt pct to 15 wt pct. The changes of high-melting phases, CaYAlO4 and MgAl2O4, were the fundamental cause of the variation in the melting temperature. The slag exhibited the lowest melting temperature and viscosity, when the Y2O3 content was 9 wt pct. The melting temperature decreased with an increase in C/A, and a moderate increase in C/A could improve the flowability of the slag. The viscosity of slag exhibited a continuous reduction as the C/A ratio increased from 0.9 to 1.1. When the Y2O3 content was 9 wt pct and the C/A ratio was 1.0, the activation energy for slag electrical conductivity was minimized at 54.62 kJ·mol−1, resulting in the lowest energy required for the migration of conductive ions and the highest electrical conductivity. Raman spectroscopy results indicated that the transformation of Q0Al, Q1Al, Q2Al, Q3Al, and Q4 structural units in the slag, which led to changes in the degree of polymerization, was the primary factor influencing the viscosity of the slag.

The extraction of indium from secondary resources of indium-containing solid waste has gained significant attention in recent years. This study focuses on the investigation of a typical indium-bearing zinc ferrite derived from indium-containing solid waste. The effects of CaO, reduction time, and reduction temperature on the volatilization of indium and zinc were examined. The volatilization behavior and morphological changes of indium and zinc were characterized using XRF, XRD, and SEM-EDS. The results showed that the addition of CaO inhibits the formation of the intermediate Fe0.85-xZnxO and promotes the volatilization of zinc and indium. When indium-bearing zinc ferrite was subjected to reduction in the presence of CaO at 1100°C for 30 min, the volatilities of zinc and indium reached 95.75

P91 steel is widely used due to its excellent properties such as oxidation resistance and high-temperature steam corrosion resistance. However, center cracks may occur during the solidification process. The solute equilibrium partition coefficient, a key input parameter in solidification, not only affects solidification micro-segregation calculations but also determines the accuracy of hot cracking susceptibility evaluation. In this study, based on the solidification micro-segregation model, focusing on the solute equilibrium partition coefficient, using the brittle temperature range (BTR criterion) and |dT/d(fs0.5)| (Kou criterion) as hot cracking susceptibility indices, a variable solute equilibrium partition coefficient model suitable for 91 steel is established. The variation law of equilibrium partition coefficients of each component is analyzed by FactSage software during solidification, the relationship between each component’s equilibrium partition coefficient and interface temperature is fitted, and the influence of component equilibrium partition coefficients on micro-segregation prediction and hot cracking susceptibility evaluation are examined. The results show that for the problems of low accuracy and poor applicability when micro-segregation models evaluate hot cracking susceptibility, the variable equilibrium partition coefficient model fully considering inter-component interactions highly matches literature values. On the basis of optimizing liquidus correlation, the variable equilibrium partition coefficient model further improves the accuracy of P91 steel hot cracking susceptibility evaluation. The deviation between BTR calculated and experimental values optimizes from 1.52 to 0.87 pct; the deviation between Kou calculated and experimental values improves from − 1.94 to 1.03 pct.

This study investigates the high-temperature mechanical properties of FeCrAl ferritic stainless steels with Y and Zr, and the oxidation behavior of the steels at 1000℃ in both air and water vapor environments. X-ray diffraction was employed to identify the types of oxides formed on the surfaces of the oxidized materials. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies as well as the chemical compositions of the oxide scales were analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the addition of Y and Zr to FeCrAl refines the grain structure, resulting in a fine-grained and uniformly sized ferritic matrix, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the material. During high-temperature oxidation, Y-containing or Y-Zr composite oxide particles are formed in the oxide scale and distributed among the oxide grains of the scale, which improves the compactness of the oxide scale and the tightness of the bonding between the matrix and the oxide scale. However, the presence of water vapor catalyzes the oxidation reaction, accelerating the formation and growth of oxide products on the matrix surface. This reduces the compactness of the oxide scale to a certain extent and leads to an accelerated oxidation mass gain of FeCrAl. In conclusion, the addition of Y and Zr to FeCrAl can significantly improve the comprehensive mechanical properties and high-temperature oxidation resistance of FeCrAl, and the effect of composite addition of Y and Zr is superior to that of single addition of Y.