Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) are often used to regress endometriosis implants and prevent premature luteinizing hormone surges in women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation. In addition to GnRH central action, the expression of GnRH and receptors in the endometrium implies an autocrine/paracrine role for GnRH and an additional site of action for GnRHa. To further examine the direct action of GnRH (Leuprolide acetate) in the endometrium, we determined the effect of GnRH on endometrial stromal (ESC) and endometrial surface epithelial (HES) cells expression and activation of Smads (Smad3, -4 and -7), intracellular signals activated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), a key cytokine expressed in the endometrium. The results show that GnRH (0.1 microM) increased the expression of inhibitory Smad7 mRNA in HES with a limited effect on ESC, while moderately increasing the common Smad4 and Smad7 protein levels in these cells (P < 0.05). GnRH in a dose- (0.01 to 10 microM) and time- (5 to 30 min) dependent manner decreased the rate of Smad3 activation (phospho-Smad3, pSmad3), and altered Smad3 cellular distribution in both cell types. Pretreatment with Antide (GnRH antagonist) resulted in further suppression of Smad3 induced by GnRH, with Antide inhibition of pSmad3 in ESC. Furthermore, co-treatment of the cells with GnRH + TGF-beta, or pretreatment with TGF-beta type II receptor antisense to block TGF-beta autocrine/paracrine action, in part inhibited TGF-beta activated Smad3. In conclusion, the results indicate that GnRH acts directly on the endometrial cells altering the expression and activation of Smads, a mechanism that could lead to interruption of TGF-beta receptor signaling mediated through this pathway in the endometrium.

Due to shortcomings of genetic algorithm that its convergence speed is slow and it is often premature convergence, a new improved genetic algorithm—fuzzy adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm (FASAGA) is presented by integrating fuzzy inference, simulated annealing algorithm and adaptive mechanism. The strong Markovian property attributed to the population sequence was deduced by mathematical modeling. Then the convergence in probability of the FASAGA was proved on the condition that the time tended to infinity. Then convergence speed of FASAGA was estimated and some quantitative results were achieved. The simulation results validated the theoretical analysis conclusions. This work is helpful to further analyze and improve optimization performance of FASAGA and other hybrid genetic algorithms.

Speech can be broadly categorized into voiceless, voiced, and mute signal, in which voiced speech can be further classified into vowel and voiced consonant. With the ever increasing demand of the speech synthesis applications, it is urgent to develop an effective classification method to differentiate vowel and voiced consonant signal since they are two distinct components that affect the naturalness of the synthetic speech signal. State-of-the-arts algorithms for speech signal classification are effective in classifying voiceless, voiced and mute speech signal, however, not effective in further classifying the voiced signal. In view of the issue, a new algorithm for speech classification based on Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is proposed, which can directly classify a speech into voiceless, voiced consonant, vowel and mute signal. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is effective even under the noisy environments.

According to the reaction principle of polydimethylsiloxanols produced by one-Step synthesis, the mathematical model is fitted by analyzing the result of test. This is a complex system with nonlinear time-Varying coupling characteristics, considering the requirements of dynamic and static performance indicators ,easily controlled features and simple structure, the combine control strategy of conventional PID and Fuzzy PID is used. The results show that the control precision of conversion rate is high and the robustness and adaptive ability of the system are both improved. This lays theoretical foundation to produce the polydimethylsiloxanols continuously in large scale in the future.

51 groups of clinical trial dates of 29 drugs with clint, fublood, fumic, clblood in the experiment in vitro metabolic process were pretreated by using Excel and MATLAB software. The K-means algorithm based on cluster analysis was carried out on drugs, the various drugs of similarity and difference were classified according to the results of cluster analysis, for professional pharmaceutical researchers reference this can improve pharmacological targets and the new drug development process

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5.8Zn-1.2Y-0.7Zr alloys before and after unequal channel angular pressing (UCAP) have been investigated in detail using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and mechanical property testing. The SEM and optical microscopy showed that the grain size was refined more at lower UCAP temperatures. When squeezed below 300 degrees C, the average grain size was refined from the initial 110 mu m to below 1.5 mu m; the tensile strength increased to 390 MPa, and the elongation to break was over 13%. The high mechanical properties could be attributed to the reduced grain size and the strengthening effects of broken secondary phase particles and fine precipitates formed as a result of the severe shear and plastic deformation during pressing at high temperature.

PURPOSE. The role of microRNA (miRNA) regulation in corneal wound healing and scar formation has yet to be elucidated. This study analyzed the miRNA expression pattern involved in corneal wound healing and focused on the effect of miR-133b on expression of several profibrotic genes.METHODS. Laser-ablated mouse corneas were collected at 0 and 30 minutes and 2 days. Ribonucleic acid was collected from corneas and analyzed using cell differentiation and development miRNA PCR arrays. Luciferase assay was used to determine whether miR-133b targeted the 3 ' untranslated region (UTR) of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in rabbit corneal fibroblasts (RbCF). Quantitative realtime PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blots were used to determine the effect of miR-133b on CTGF, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and collagen (COL1A1) in RbCF. Migration assay was used to determine the effect of miR-133b on RbCF migration.RESULTS. At day 2, 37 of 86 miRNAs had substantial expression fold changes. miR-133b had the greatest fold decrease at 14.33. Pre-miR-133b targeted the 30 UTR of CTGF and caused a significant decrease of 38% (P < 0.01). Transforming growth factor beta 1-treated RbCF had a significant decrease of miR-133b of 49% (P < 0.01), whereas CTGF, SMA, and COL1A1 had significant increases of 20%, 54%, and 37% (P < 0.01), respectively. The RbCF treated with TGFb1 and pre-miR133b showed significant decreases in expression of CTGF, SMA, and COL1A1 of 30%, 37%, and 28% (P < 0.01), respectively. Finally, there was significant decrease in migration of miR-133b-treated RbCF.CONCLUSIONS. Significant changes occur in key miRNAs during early corneal wound healing, suggesting novel miRNA targets to reduce scar formation.

An Artificial Immune Adaptive Strategy combining immune adaptive control and immune genetic optimization is proposed based on the simulation of the immune mechanisms such as the antibodies' bifunctional structure and the immune cells' regulation principle. This strategy is capable of optimizing online parameters of the immune controller with fixed framework, better simulating the behavior of the biological immune system. The proposed artificial immune adaptive strategy is applied to the control of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor and its performance is compared with that of Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller. The results validate the effectiveness of artificial immune adaptive strategy.