Herein, a bimetallic sulfurized iron-molybdate catalyst (denoted as S-Fe2(MoO4)3) was synthesized employing a hydrothermal route consisting of two steps. Electrochemical measurements reveal that, resulting from the synergy between Fe and Mo as well as sulfur-induced electronic modulation, S-Fe2(MoO4)3 exhibits excellent catalytic performance under both alkaline conditions (1 M KOH) and simulated seawater conditions (1 M KOH + 0.5 M NaCl). In alkaline water, S-Fe2(MoO4)3 achieves overpotentials of 240 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 282 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 100 mA cm-2. In contrast, when tested in simulated seawater, the overpotentials increase to 268 mV for HER and 331 mV for OER under identical conditions. Moreover, S-Fe2(MoO4)3 is used as both electrodes in a two-electrode electrolyzer. Under a current density of 10 mA cm-2, this device requires 1.53 V in alkaline water and 1.61 V in simulated seawater, and it remains stable for over 10 h.

Against the backdrop of an era characterised by the dual challenges of energy security and sustainable development, aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are regarded as highly promising power sources. Nevertheless, their practical deployment is largely impeded by intrinsically low electronic conductivity and pronounced capacity decay upon repeated cycling. Traditional manganese-vanadium materials are prone to collapse and have low active site utilisation. This study employed a hydrothermal synthesis method to prepare MnV12O31·10H2O (MnVO) nanosheets, which were subsequently subjected to high-temperature selenium doping to yield selenium-doped vanadium manganese oxide (Se-MnVO). Such a cathode architecture provides a large specific surface area, shortened ion transport pathways, and improved structural robustness. The fabricated Se-MnVO electrode achieved a high reversible capacity of 400 mAh·g-1 at a current density of 0.1 A·g-1, demonstrating excellent rate performance of 282.37 mAh·g-1 at 1 A·g-1. After 1000 cycles at 1 A·g-1, its capacity retention remained at 89%. These findings indicate that selenium doping can effectively boost the electrochemical performance and cycling stability of manganese vanadate cathodes, providing important insights for the rational development of high-performance AZIB cathode materials.

The development of advanced electrode materials for energy storage is increasingly essential due to growing global energy demands and the depletion of fossil fuel resources. Supercapacitors (SCs) stand out in this field for their high-power density, rapid charge/discharge cycles, and extended lifespan, which significantly outperform traditional batteries. Nevertheless, their relatively low energy density highlights the need for innovative electrode materials to improve performance. Transition metal oxides, especially ternary metal vanadates, attract notable attention due to their abundant oxidation states, diverse electronic configurations, and exceptional thermal stability. In this study, we synthesize and evaluate ternary metal vanadates with various compositions, such as NixCo3-xV2O8, NixMn3-xV2O8, and NixCu3-xV2O8 (x = 1, 1.5, 2), to examine their electrochemical behavior in SCs. A highly porous NiCo2V2O8@GO hollow sphere (NiCo2V2O8@GO) is developed through anion exchange followed by annealing. The resulting NiCo2V2O8@GO electrodes demonstrate impressive specific capacitance (1683 C & sdot;g- 1 at 1 A & sdot;g- 1, 1467.9 C & sdot;g- 1 at 20 A & sdot;g- 1) along with outstanding rate capability (87.22% retention, from 1 A & sdot;g- 1 to 20 A & sdot;g- 1) and remarkable cycling stability (retaining 90.8% capacity, after 5000 cycles at 10 A & sdot;g- 1). Integrated into a symmetric SC device, the NiCo2V2O8@GO device exhibits an energy density of 52.49 Wh & sdot;kg- 1 at a power density of 755.85 W & sdot;kg- 1. These findings demonstrate NiCo2V2O8@GO's promise as a highperformance electrode for energy storage applications.

In recent years, electrochemical water splitting has emerged recognition as a highly promising green sustainable energy technology, offering immense potential for future advancement. Numerous materials have been identified as effective catalysts in this field. However, the development of bifunctional electrocatalysts capable of efficiently and sustainably producing both hydrogen and oxygen remains a significant challenge. In this study, we successfully synthesized a FeCoNiB@FeOOH/CoOOH/NiOOH heterostructure electrocatalyst on nickel foam, which serves as an advanced electrocatalyst for comprehensive water splitting. At a current density of 100 mA cm-2, this catalyst exhibited outstanding onset overpotentials of 233 mV for hydrogen evolution and 206 mV for oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) in an alkaline medium. This remarkable performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect between multiple metals, the MOOH phase formed by electrochemical reconstruction, and the unique heterostructure. Furthermore, the electrolytic cell assembled based on FeCoNiB@FeOOH/ CoOOH/NiOOH exhibited a low potential of 1.41 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2, maintaining remarkable durability over more than 20 h of continuous operation. The findings of this research hold significant implications for the practical application of water splitting, providing in-depth insights into the development of robust and efficient multifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

Designing cost-effective and durable electrocatalysts is critically important for hydrogen production via water electrolysis. In this study, a core-shell hetero-structured composite of Mn-NiMoO4@Mo3Se4/Ni0.95Se was synthesized using a two-step hydrothermal method that combined metal element doping and interface engineering strategies. The composite features Mn-NiMoO4 as the core and selenide nanosheets of Mo3Se4/Ni0.95Se as the shell. At a current density of 10 mA cm-2, the overpotentials for HER and OER are 32 mV and 166 mV, respectively. Moreover, negligible voltage fluctuation was observed during a 110 h stability test. In alkaline overall water electrolysis, this catalyst achieves a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at a low cell voltage of 1.42 V. The Mn-NiMoO4@Mo3Se4/Ni0.95Se heterostructure exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic performance, attributed to the synergistic effect of Mn-doping and the selenide components, which provide abundant active sites. These advantages are further confirmed through comprehensive material characterizations, including XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS and BET analyses. Moreover, DFT calculations corroborate that both Mn atom incorporation and the selenide heterointerface significantly enhance the electrocatalyst's performance. This work demonstrates that metal doping contributes to improving electrocatalytic performance, and subsequent selenidation treatment to construct multiphase heterointerfaces provides a new strategy for designing low-cost, efficient, and stable bifunctional NiMo-based electrocatalysts.

The advancement of electrode materials exhibiting high energy density and extended cycle life is essential for enhancing the practical uses of supercapacitors. Metal-organic framework (MOF) derivatives have attracted considerable interest in electrode material research owing to their elevated specific surface area, adjustable pore architecture, and plentiful active sites. Nonetheless, their utilization in supercapacitors has been hindered by obstacles including inadequate electrical conductivity, intricate synthesis procedures, elevated production expenses, and restricted stability. Thus, the investigation of MOF derivatives exhibiting superior electrical conductivity and greater structural stability has emerged as a central theme in energy storage materials research. This study synthesized CoS/ZnCoNi-LDH composites from ZnCo-ZIF as a precursor and incorporated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to function as electrode materials for supercapacitors. This method integrates the elevated specific capacity and energy density of metal-organic framework derivatives with the superior electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes. The electrochemical characterization results indicate that the CoS/ZnCoNi-LDH@CNTs composite displays exceptional specific capacitance, rate capability, and cycling stability. Upon assembly into an asymmetric supercapacitor and undergoing 5000 charge-discharge cycles, the composite preserved 84.38 % of its initial capacitance. At a power density of 750 W & sdot;kg-1 , the device attained an energy density of 92.7 Wh & sdot;kg-1 . Despite the power density rising to 11,250 W & sdot;kg-1 , the energy density persisted at 37.5 Wh & sdot;kg-1 . This study's proposed synthesis technique for creating sulfide-hydroxide composite materials provides significant insights for developing high-capacity and high-stability supercapacitor systems.

Ionic conductive hydrogels attract significant attention in flexible electronics due to their excellent ion transport and mechanical flexibility, but limited elasticity and poor fatigue resistance hinder practical applications. In this work, a highly tough and mechanically stable hydrogel is fabricated by incorporating cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and sodium caseinate (SC) into a polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel matrix. CNF serves as a nanoscale reinforcing component that enhances the structural strength, while SC forms micellar structures that act as dynamic energy dissipation centers. The synergistic effect of CNF and SC significantly enhances the toughness and structural stability of the hydrogel. The resulting PAM/CNF/SC hydrogel exhibits a tensile strength of 0.71 MPa, a fracture strain of 1840%, and a high toughness of 3866.6 kJ m-3. Benefiting from the presence of sodium ions in SC, the hydrogel sensor shows excellent ionic conductivity and a rapid response time of 195 ms, enabling sensitive detection of human motions such as joint bending, swallowing, and laryngeal vibrations. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for developing high-performance ionic hydrogels, offering strong potential for application in wearable and flexible electronic devices.

To address the vicious cycle caused by high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of traditional temperature control equipment, this paper focuses on passive radiative cooling technology and develops a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/gelatin (GE) composite aerogel that combines radiative cooling and heat insulation functions. The composite aerogel is prepared by a freeze-drying process, in which a stable composite structure is formed through the hydrogen bond interaction between PVA and GE molecules. This structure retains the intrinsic advantages of single-component aerogels, such as low density and high porosity, while significantly improving mechanical properties and optimizing pore size distribution. The experimental results demonstrate that the PVA-GE composite aerogel exhibits an ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.03280 W/(m & centerdot;K). It also shows a high average solar reflectance of up to 91% over the entire solar spectrum, together with a mid-infrared (8-13 mu m) emissivity of 94%. As a result, the composite aerogel achieves sub-environmental cooling of up to 11.4 degrees C during daytime conditions and effectively mitigates the issue of excessive cooling at night. The synergistic combination of radiation cooling and thermal insulation endows this composite aerogel with broad application potential in thermal management for intelligent energy-efficient buildings, providing an effective pathway toward the development of low-cost, scalable, and sustainable temperature regulation materials.

Abstract To achieve the synergistic improvement in compaction density and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4, an innovative ternary solid-state synthesis route using Li3PO4, FePO4, and Fe2O3 as precursors is proposed (LFP-P) and compared with that from the conventional route employing Li2CO3 and FePO4 (LFP-C). It was found that, compared with the conventional route, using Li3PO4 as the primary lithium source markedly reduces gas evolution during synthesis. The suppressed gas release promotes primary particle growth, lowers the porosity, and facilitates the formation of a more continuous and uniform carbon coating, thereby resulting in a denser particle structure. Benefiting from its reduced pore volume and compact surface carbon layer, LFP-P delivers powder and electrode compaction densities of 2.804 and 2.63 g·cm–3, respectively, while its electronic conductivity is enhanced by 2.02 times compared with that of LFP-C. In addition, the well-developed large particles in LFP-P improve the lattice ordering within the crystal structure and result in a longer Li–O bond length, thereby facilitating Li+ migration kinetics. Ultimately, LFP-P exhibits superior electrochemical performance, with an initial capacity of 161.82 mA h·g–1 @ 0.1 C, a capacity retention of 98.2% after 500 cycles @ 0.5 C, and a rate capacity of 137.46 mA h·g–1 @ 5 C. These findings indicate that the Li3PO4-based approach can optimize both the particle packing structure and lattice structure, thereby achieving a synergistic enhancement of high compaction density and excellent electrochemical performance for LFP cathodes.

Polyols, serving as core feedstocks in polyurethane production, are characterized by multiple hydroxyl groups (-OH), primarily encompassing polyether polyols (PPG) and polyester polyols (PEP). Their reaction with isocyanates yields polyurethane materials with unique properties. However, conventional petroleum-derived polyols face challenges in meeting green sustainability demands. Lignin, with its abundant phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups, presents a renewable alternative to petrochemical polyols. Its global abundance provides a significant resource base. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), offering mild reaction conditions, reusability, and high efficiency/selectivity, demonstrate significant potential for producing bio-based polyols. This study employed a modified DES (comprising lactic acid as a hydrogen bond donor and 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole as a hydrogen bond acceptor) to extract lignin from waste corn stalks, followed by solvothermal liquefaction using polyethylene glycol (MW = 400) and glycerol to synthesize lignin-derived polyether polyols. Comprehensive multiscale characterization elucidated the factors influencing composition, physicochemical properties, and production efficiency. Optimized extraction conditions yielded light-colored lignin with 80% yield, a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 35 647 g mol(-1), and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 2.221, exhibiting excellent thermal stability below 200 degrees C. Optimal liquefaction conditions produced polyols with a hydroxyl value of 440.7 mg KOH per g, an acid value of 37.7 mg KOH per g, a viscosity of 646.7 mPa s, and an Mw of 7429 g mol(-1). Structural confirmation was achieved via Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). This work successfully established a high-performance lignin-based polyol system, offering a sustainable pathway for polyurethane feedstocks.

Developing reliable and exceptionally efficient non-noble bifunctional metal electrocatalysts is pivotal to driving hydrogen production technology via water electrolysis toward large-scale practical applications. In this study, a strategy combining hydrothermal synthesis coupled with electrodeposition was harnessed to successfully fabricate a FeP4-CHPO/CoFe-LDH/NF heterostructured bifunctional electrocatalytic material on a nickel foam support. Subsequent experimental outcomes substantiate the remarkable bifunctional electrocatalytic potency of the tailor-constructed catalytic system in 1 M KOH alkaline media, featuring robust catalytic activity for both OER and HER electrocatalytic processes. In precise terms, under an area current density of 100 mA cm−2, the requisite overpotentials for HER and OER amount to a mere 165 mV and 270 mV in that order. These findings indicate that the catalyst possesses simultaneously low energy barriers for hydrogen and oxygen evolution under alkaline conditions. When assembled into a symmetric electrolyzer, the catalyst affords a current per unit area of 10 mA cm−2 at an operating voltage of merely 1.50 V and manifests superior robustness over 100 h under an industrially relevant current density of 200 mA cm−2. Furthermore, DFT calculations provide atomic-level insights into the origin of the enhanced catalytic activity, revealing that the FeP4-CHPO/CoFe-LDH/NF heterointerface induces electronic structure reconstruction, including enhanced electronic states near the Fermi level and regulated d-band characteristics. The optimized interfacial electronic configuration effectively modulates hydrogen adsorption energetics, resulting in a favorable ΔGH* value of −0.21 eV and thereby facilitating accelerated reaction kinetics. Combined with experimental investigations, these results demonstrate that the heterointerface plays a decisive role in coupling electronic modulation, intermediate adsorption optimization, and enhanced bifunctional water-splitting performance. This research affords groundbreaking perspectives and viable avenues for the judicious fabrication of superior-performing transition metal heterostructured electrocatalysts.

Exploration of sustainable, highly efficient, and low-budget non-precious transition metal-based catalysts for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is exceedingly challenging and warranted. In this paper, a series of CoSe@Co9S8 nanocomposites are rationally contrived and synthesized through a simple interfacial engineering strategy. The as-prepared CoSe@Co9S8 exhibits the most outstanding activities for both HER and OER, providing low overpotentials of 210 and 278 mV at 100 mA cm-2 , respectively, along with low Tafel slope and remarkable long-term durability. When the CoSe@Co9S8 is used in a self-made dual-electrode system, it requires 1.50 V cell voltage to drive 10 mA center dot cm-2, demonstrating that CoSe@Co9S8 is a superior bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. The innovative exploration of this study may carve a new approach for the reasonable construction of multiphase heterojunctions with non-precious transition metal-based electrocatalysts for efficient and stable total water splitting.

The design and fabrication of high-performance, low-cost, and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts are crucial for addressing energy crises. However, significant challenges remain. In this study, we employ an oxidationetching strategy to synthesize metal atom-modified nickel hydroxysulfide (NiSOH) (M = Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, Ce), offering advantages in simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that metal doping significantly enhances the catalytic performance of NiSOH. Notably, the bifunctional Cu-NiSOH electrode exhibits low overpotentials of 238 mV (eta 100) for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 289 mV (eta 100) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Structural characterization using TEM, SEM, XRD, and XPS reveals that metal doping optimizes the microstructure, increasing the contact area between the catalyst and the electrolyte, thereby facilitating electrolyte infiltration and gas release. Additionally, DFT calculations and experimental data confirm that the incorporation of Cu atoms significantly enhances electrocatalytic activity. This work highlights the crucial role of metal atoms in improving catalytic performance and presents an effective strategy for designing metal-doped hydroxysulfides as high-performance electrocatalysts.

As the demand for energy storage and conversion devices continues to rise, the development of electrode materials that are efficient, environmentally sustainable, highly stable, and long-lasting has become a pressing challenge. These materials are required to not only deliver exceptional performance but also align with sustainability goals to effectively address the growing energy and environmental challenges. Transition metal selenides (TMSs) have gained significant attention in research due to their outstanding performance in supercapacitors and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). They are increasingly regarded as a promising alternative to noble metal-based electrode materials. In this study, A straightforward and efficient two-step hydro-thermal method was utilized to synthesize NiCoSe@KMXene nanocomposites with high precision and reproducibility. The resulting NiCoSe@KMXene electrode exhibits an exceptional specific capacitance (Cs) of 2210 F g-1 at a current density of 2 A g-1 in supercapacitor applications. Additionally, the as-prepared NiCoSe@KMXene electrode material demonstrates excellent electrocatalytic activity for HER, requiring only 51.8 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm-2. Furthermore, the as-prepared sample function as both anode and cathode, enabling the construction of a symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) device with a distinctive architecture. This device exhibits outstanding performance, including superior energy density, high power density, and excellent cycling stability. At the current density of 5 A g-1, the SSC device delivers a remarkable specific capacitance of 232.5 F g-1, along with an energy density of 296 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 2.21 kW kg-1. These results highlight the significant potential of NiCoSe@KMXene materials for energy storage and conversion applications. The strategy employed for the NiCoSe@KMXene nanocomposites offers an innovative approach for synthesizing transition metal-based compounds, eliminating the need for adhesives and enabling more efficient and integrated designs for future applications.

This study fabricates a core-shell structured composite through in situ interfacial polymerization of conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on nickel-cobalt Prussian blue analogue (PBA) templates. Experimental characterization confirms the successful construction of a PBA/PEDOT heterojunction, wherein the PEDOT coating augments surface roughness and generates abundant active sites. The composite demonstrates exceptional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance in alkaline media (1.0 M KOH), achieving an ultralow overpotential of 269 mV at 100 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 79.6 mV dec-1 , metrics that substantially surpass those of pristine PBA and other polymer-modified analogues (such as PBA-PPY and PBA-PANI). Electrochemical analysis reveals enhanced charge transfer kinetics and a 3.7-fold increase in electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) relative to pure PBA. Stability assessments confirm robust durability over 24 h of continuous operation at high current densities. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations attribute the improved conductivity and catalytic activity to synergistic coupling between Co-2p and Ni-2p orbitals at the heterojunction interface, which elevates the density of states near the Fermi level. The results demonstrate that the performance metrics of our work significantly outperform those of the pristine PBA and other polymer-modified analogues. This work establishes a strategic paradigm for designing high-efficiency OER electrocatalysts via conductive polymer hybridization.

ABSTRACTThe conventional use of the acetone method for waterborne polyurethane acrylate(WPUA) preparation encounters challenges in completely eliminating volatile organic compound emissions, presenting obstacles to meeting potentially stricter emission standards in the future. This work investigated the possibility of preparing WPUA using the acetone method without organic solvents. For the first time, it was found that excessive neutralizing agents can contribute to the performance regulation of WPUA dispersions by inhibiting the crystallization of polyurethane hard chain segments under the condition of a large number of urethane end chain segments. The conditions under which performance regulation can occur were verified through comparative experiments and density functional theory simulations. The research results demonstrate the successful preparation of a highly transparent WPUA dispersion with a particle size of 47.92 nm, a polydispersity of 0.032, a solid content of 44.12 wt%, and a rotational viscosity of 169.27 mPa·s. The membrane prepared by this dispersion exhibited a tensile strength of 30.51 MPa and a significantly low degree of swelling. This study emphasizes the scalability and universality of the proposed methods, highlighting their long‐term significance, potential for industrial production, and contribution to establishing a more environmentally friendly and sustainable future.

The design and fabrication of high-performance, inexpensive and durable electrocatalyst toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is supremely significant for alleviating energy crisis and environmental concerns, but still remaining challenging. Herein, we develop an experimental work based on etching and reduction strategy to reveal the remarkable effect of cation/anion co-doping in CoMoO4 on its intrinsic HER activity. The CoMoO4 with Fe and B incorporation (Fe/B-CoMoO4) exhibits a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) with strikingly low potential of 38 mV coupling with Tafel slope of 51 mV dec(-1), and manifesting a robust durability for 100 h with no attenuation, which is comparable to the state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C catalyst. The collective experimental and theoretical findings concomitantly illustrate that the enhanced performances are due to the strong synergistic effect resulting from the co-doping of Fe and B, which plays a pivotal role in finely tuning the electronic structure of CoMoO4, further optimizing the adsorption free energy of H intermediates and shifting the center of the D-band of Fe/B-CoMoO4 away from the Fermi level. This fantastic work highlights the critical role of foreign element incorporating for optimizing electronic structure of transition metal oxides toward HER, and offers valuable guiding principles for rational design of more efficient energy conversion devices.

MWCNTs are frequently used as filler materials in lithium-ion battery anodes due to their excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties. Achieving uniform dispersion of MWCNTs at high solid content in NMP while maintaining the conductive properties of the slurry is a prerequisite for preparing high-performance battery materials. However, the tendency of MWCNTs to intertwine and agglomerate, which increases proportionally with their solid content as fillers, currently hinders the effective dispersion of high-solid-content MWCNTs in solvents. This study uses NMP, a common solvent for lithium-ion battery anodes, as an example. Various functionalized benzoic acids with similar electrostatic potentials to NMP were selected to functionalize inert MWCNTs via electrophilic substitution reactions. This approach achieves uniform, 'ink-like' dispersion of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (X-MWCNTs) with 8 % solid content in NMP while minimizing conductivity loss. with stable dispersion lasting over 60 days. The effectively dispersed X-MWCNTs exceeded the solid content of conventional MWCNT fillers by fourfold. The experimental design drew inspiration from the chemical adage 'like dissolves like,' and DFT computational simulations confirmed this 'like dissolves like' characteristic. Both theoretical and experimental results indicate that MWCNTs modified with alkoxybenzoyl, aminobenzoic acid, hydroxybenzoyl groups whose polarity slightly exceeds that of NMP yields superior dispersion of X-MWCNTs in NMP compared to MWCNTs modified with halogenated or nitro groups, whose polarity is slightly lower than NMP.

To address varied energy storage requirements, it is essential to create supercapacitors with elevated specific capacitance, prolonged cycle life, enhanced power density, and substantial energy density. Nonetheless, the metal salts utilized in the fabrication of the majority of supercapacitors are expensive and contribute substantially to environmental contamination during industrial manufacturing. This work effectively synthesized a variety of MnAl-LDHs with varying atomic ratios using a straightforward hydrothermal process, demonstrating exceptional electrochemical performance under cost-effective and environmentally friendly circumstances. For the first time, the atomic structure was optimized via the D-band center, state density, and OH-migration energy barrier. The optimized Mn3Al1-LDH exhibited a specific capacitance of 3755 F & sdot;g-1 at a current density of 2 A & sdot;g-1, demonstrating excellent capacity retention. The asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) constructed using activated carbon and Mn3Al1-LDH electrode materials have a specific capacitance of 192.7 F & sdot;g-1 at 1 A & sdot;g-1 throughout a broad voltage range (0-1.65 V). At a power density of 825 W & sdot;kg-1, an energy density of 72.8 Wh & sdot;kg-1 is attained, demonstrating exceptional cycling stability with 73.1 % capacitance retention after 10,000 charge and discharge cycles. Empirical and theoretical study findings indicate that Mn3Al1-LDH possesses a D-band center nearer to the Fermi level and a comparatively reduced energy barrier for hydroxide ion migration. Both are essential for enhancing its electrochemical performance. The findings underscore the exceptional electrochemical performance and effective charge storage capacity of the MnAl-LDHs electrode material, positioning it as a prospective option for improved electrodes in high-capacity energy storage supercapacitors.

The manipulation of oxygen vacancies is regarded as a viable approach to enhance the electrochemical properties of electrode materials. Herein, NiAl-LDH nanosheets with rich oxygen vacancies were successfully synthesized on the surface of nickel foam via a conventional hydrothermal and chemical reduction strategy. The oxygen vacancies were introduced and modulated via NaBH4 treatment, significantly enhancing the electrochemical properties. The oxygen-vacancy abundant NiAl-LDH electrode materials show a high capacitance of 4028 mF cm-2 at the current density of 2 mA cm-2 and obtain a high capacity retention of 3000 mF cm-2 even at a current density of up to 20 mA cm-2. In addition, the symmetric SC device achieves a notable energy density of 71.3 W h kg-1 while operating at a power density of 2400 W kg-1. The empirical and theoretical findings demonstrate that the incorporation of oxygen vacancies significantly contributes to the improvement of the electrochemical characteristics of LDH electrode materials. The samples discussed in this work have the potential to serve as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors in high-capacity energy storage devices.