Currently, smart structures utilize both polymeric sensor and PZT-based actuators. Polymeric sensors based upon PVDF are limited to about 70 degrees C operating temperature, while PZT-based actuators are inflexible. This paper examines the use of PZT/polymer composites for smart materials applications. Both ferroelectric (VDF) and non-ferroelectric high temperature polymers were studied. High temperature composite sensors (up to 200 degrees C) were fabricated exhibiting g(31) values of 90 x 10(-3) Vm/N compared to 110 x 10(-3) Vm/N for PVDF combined with excellent compliance. On the other hand 0-3 composite based actuators were fabricated with greatly enhanced d(31) (120 x 10(-12) m/V) over PVDF (20 x 10(-12) m/V). Piezo properties and dielectric properties of both sensors and actuators were studied as a function of temperature voltage. Processing-structure-properties relationship was established including key processing parameters such as PZT particle size, enhanced poling additives and polymer properties. Thermal dependence of the 0-3 composites piezoproperties was correlated with glass properties of the polymer. Applications of this new class of 0-3 concepts to cure monitoring of advanced composite systems will be discussed.

Currently, smart structures utilize both polymeric sensor and PZT-based actuators. The benefit of self-sensing calls for the development of integrated actuator/sensor composites. This paper addresses the development and properties of this new class of smart materials. Controlled porosity (amount, size, shape and distribution) were fabricated using sintering, blending and spin- on-disc. New flexible, thin polymer based composites were obtained. The optimization between d31 and g31 was performed to provide both actuator and sensing capabilities. It was found, that processing conditions including poling can be adjusted to provide the contribution from both PZT and VDF.