PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Currently, glaucoma treatment drugs are facing problems such as low bioavailability, poor patient compliance, discontinuous administration affecting the efficacy of intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering and chronic damage to the eye caused by side effects of drugs. In order to solve these problems and to better meet clinical needs, various new dosage forms have been developed and applied in the clinical setting.RECENT FINDINGS:A number of nano formulations and extended-release gels are in successive animal trials, some tear plugs, implants and contact lenses are in clinical trials, and it is believed that more new carrier materials and formulations to improve the bioavailability of drugs are being developed.SUMMARY:Novel delivery systems for antiglaucoma drugs offer patients more and better therapeutic options, and ongoing or completed studies are providing clear directions for subsequent research to improve clinical applications.

UV-induced corneal damage is a common ocular surface injury that usually leads to corneal lesions causing persistent inflammation. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is identified as an inflammatory alarm in various tissue injuries. Here, this study first evaluates the repair effect of the HMGB1-selective inhibitor GLY in UV-induced corneal damage; Secondly, the inhibitory effect of GLY on UV-induced corneal damage induced inflammation and the potential therapeutic mechanism of GLY were studied. GLY effectively attenuates the expression of UV-induced inflammatory factors and HMGB1, TLR/MyD88, NF-κB signaling pathway genes at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, RT-PCR and Western Blot experiments after knocking down HMGB1 and TLR2/9 genes showed that GLY alleviated corneal inflammation by inhibiting the HMGB1-TLR/MyD88 signaling pathway. The results of this study show that targeting HMGB1-NF-κB by GLY can alleviate the inflammatory response induced by UV induction.

Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are initially formed in the process of chlorination in the drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), then further formed in the distribution system due to the presence of residual chlorine and reactive organic matters. However, in China, DBPs are monitored in the effluent from the DWTPs, but less is known about concentrations of DBPs in tap water since they are usually monitored once per half a year. The smart water service system is establishing real-time monitoring of water indices, although DBPs are an urgent need, they are difficult to monitor in real-time due to their diversity and complicated detection methods. If the correlation between DBP concentration and routinely real-time monitored water quality parameters (e.g., pH value, residual chlorine, ammonia) can be evaluated, the concentration of DBPs can be predicted, which will strengthen the control of tap water safety. This article comprehensively assessed the physicochemical parameters and the occurrence of DBP formation in the tap water with an 18-month investigation in Z city (China). DBP formation in tap water of different seasons and different water sources were compared. Based on the relationship between DBPs and physicochemical parameters, linear prediction and nonlinear prediction models of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetonitriles (HANs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) were established, and the accuracy of these models was verified by measured data. Finally, the toxicity and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of DBPs in tap water were analyzed.

Exploring an environmentally friendly and highly activation catalysts in the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) basing on sulfate radicals (SO4- center dot) has shown great importance for the remediation of refractory con-taminants. Herein, Fe3O4-wrapped ZSM-5 (Fe3O4@ZSM-5) was constructed as heterogeneous catalyst to remove ciprofloxacin (CIP) via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, in which performance, kinetics and mechanism insight were investigated in depth. The removal efficiency of CIP reached 90 % by Fe3O4@ZSM-5 catalysts within 100 min reaction when the initial pH was 3.0. During the reaction, SO4- center dot and HO center dot were proved to be coexisted in reaction system and SO4-center dot played a critical role in CIP degradation according to the radical quenching experi-ments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements. Based on the catalyst characterization and Langmuir-Hinshelwood adsorption kinetics analysis, the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) and ZSM-5 accelerated the dispersion process and enhanced adsorption ability of Fe3O4 NPs, which further promoted the local concentration of CIP and PMS on the surface. In addition, the cycling experiments and metal leaching tests demonstrated that Fe3O4@ZSM-5 catalysts were stable and could be conveniently reused by magnetic separation. In addition, the impacts of coexisting irons (Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, HCO3-) confirmed that Fe3O4@ZSM-5 was still effective in real water. This study demonstrated the promising prospect of Fe3O4@ZSM-5/PMS system in the application of degradation refractory organic pollutants.