We recently developed the new depigmentation compound, AP736 (5-adamantan-1-yl-N-(2,4-dihydroxy-benzyl)-2,4-dimethoxy-benzamide), which strongly inhibits melanin synthesis in melanocytes. To show depigmentary effect, AP736 inhibits the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (Tyrp)-1/2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF). AP736 also suppresses the activation of cAMP-PKA-CREB upstream signaling pathway. As another possible mechanism, we have focused on microRNA expression in skin cells because MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to regulate skin biology, including the pigmentation process in melanocytes. Particularly, miR-125b is a potent inhibitor of steady-state melanogenesis, and also, down-regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) in several cells. Thus, we have tested whether AP736 induces miR-125b expression to exert the whitening effect and MMPs inhibition for anti-aging in epidermal skin cells. In the results, AP736 significantly increased the miR-125b expression in human epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes. Notably, AP736 scavenged reactive oxygen species and inhibited the expression of MMP-1 and -3 expression in UVB-stimulated keratinocytes. These results suggest that AP736 not only has whitening ability but also anti-aging activity in UVB-stimulated human epidermal cells, effects that are attributable, at least in part, to the action of AP736 as a miR-125b inducer.