The degree of forest vegetation restoration and reconstruction and the impact of different afforestation tree species on plant diversity in Mount Tai, China were evaluated.We selected 6 kinds of 50-year-old plantations along Tianwai village, Hongmen, Tianzhu peak and Taohuayuan lines.The results show that: 1) Robinia pseudoacacia plantation has significantly lower tree layer richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity and Simpson diversity than other plantations; Pinus tabulaeformis and larch tree plantations have significantly lower shrub layer Shannon -Wiener and Simpson diversity than other plantations, Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus densiflora have significantly lower Pielou evenness than the other four plantations; Pinus tabulaeformis plantation and Platycladus orientalis plantation have significantly lower herb layer richness than the other four plantations, while Pinus tabulaeformis plantation has significantly lower Shannon-Wiener diversity and Simpson diversity than the other five plantations.2) Species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity and Simpson diversity of tree and shrub layers are all presented from highest to lowest in the following order: Mount Meng > Mount Tai > Mount Yi, while Mount Tai plantation has the highest herb layer species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity and Simpson diversity.These results provide basis for the regulation and prediction of regional forest vegetation restoration and reconstruction in the future.