Conodont samples have been collected from the upper Lower Triassic and the lowermost Middle Triassic at the Tulong section, South Tibet (Xizang), China. The new materials enable us to establish eight conodont zones. In ascending order, they are: Novispathodus waageni Zone, Discretella discreta Zone, Scythogondolella mosheri Zone, Novispathodus pingdingshanensis Zone, Columbitella jubata Zone, Triassospathodus homeri Zone, Triassospathodus sosioensis Zone and Chiosella timorensis Zone. The Smithian-Spathian boundary is placed at the 7.4 m horizon of the Tulong section according to the first appearance of Novispathodus pingdingshanensis. The Olenekian-Anisian boundary is placed at the 19.8 m horizon of the Tulong section according to the first appearance of Chiosella timorensis. Four conodont assemblage stages at this section are recognized according to the relative number of segminiplanate conodont elements to that of segminate conodont elements, and support the hypothesis that segminiplanate conodonts preferred to live in relatively cooler water.

During the Norian (Late Triassic), foraminifera became more globally widespread and achieved greater diversity than at any other time in the Triassic. We studied Norian foraminiferal assemblages and their responses to palaeoenvironmental changes in the Potou section of the Baoshan Block, Yunnan Province, China. A total of 37 taxa are identified. The dominant genera are Aulotortus, Miliolipora, Galeanella, Parvalamella, Decapoalina and Triasina. Two Norian (Sevatian age) foraminiferal biozones are recognized at Potou, namely the Aulosina oberhauseri Zone and the Triasina hantkeni Zone. Ten foraminiferal morphogroups (B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J and K) are categorized based on their chamber growth characteristics and inferred lifestyles. Morphogroups in the lower part of the Potou section (Aulosina oberhauseri Zone) are dominated by morphogroup I (Decapoalina, Galeanella, Miliolipora, Milioliporidae, Ophthalmidium and Paraophthalmidium) whilst in the upper part of the section (Triasina hantkeni Zone), there was a gradual increase in the abundance of morphogroup H taxa (Aulosina, Aulotortus, Lamelliconus, Parvalamella, Prorakusia and Triasina). Microfacies at the Potou section belong to inner to middle carbonate platform environments and show a gradual up-section increase in the abundance of bioclastic components, such as dasycladaceans and sponges.

The Baoshan Block was located within eastern Tethys and is regarded as a key area for understanding the evolution of Paleotethys and the paleogeographic reconstruction of East Asia. Although Triassic marine deposits are well developed in the Baoshan Block, the Middle Triassic conodont biostratigraphy in this area remains relatively underexplored. In this study, the conodont faunas recovered from the Nanpenghe and the Xuanlai sections in southwest Baoshan Block enable the establishment of a Middle Triassic biostratigraphic framework for this region. Five conodont zones are established, in ascending order, including the Paragondolella bulgarica Zone, the Paragondolella excelsa Zone, the Budurovignathus truempyi Zone, the Budurovignathus hungaricus Zone, and the Budurovignathus mungoensis Zone. The Anisian-Ladinian boundary is defined by the first occurrence of Budurovignathus truempyi. It is placed at the -141.5 m level at the Xuanlai section but cannot be recognized at the Nanpenghe section. Meanwhile, Bu. mungoensis can serve as a useful proxy for subdividing Ladinian strata into substage levels at the Nanpenghe section. Budurovignathus is a cosmopolitan fauna inhabiting diverse environments during the Ladinian. However, Budurovignathus and other Ladinian genera have been rarely identified in China, likely due to the widespread absence of Ladinian marine carbonates, which resulted from the Great Ladinian Regression.

The Early Triassic witnessed dramatic climatic and environmental perturbations following the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. However, terrestrial responses to orbitally forced climate change remain poorly constrained, largely due to the limited availability of high-resolution chronological frameworks. Here, we apply time series analysis of natural gamma-ray logs and the first principal component of X-ray fluorescence elemental data from a terrestrial succession at the Dayulin section in North China (Sunjiagou-Liujiagou-Heshanggou formations). This study establishes a floating astronomical time scale by tuning the paleoclimate proxy series to the 405 kyr long-eccentricity cycle. Integrated with cycle-calibrated magnetostratigraphy, it provides a robust chronological framework for stratigraphic interpretation and inter-section correlation. Applying the sedimentary noise model to the tuned paleoclimate proxy series, we identify intervals of enhanced sedimentary noise that align with major facies transitions, suggesting that climatic instability may have influenced changes in the depositional regime. This study further reveals a 1.2 Myr obliquity modulation cycle corresponding to the Mars-Earth s4−s3 secular resonance during the Early Triassic, expressed within the sedimentary noise series. The detection of this modulation in a low-latitude continental succession highlights the influence of long-term orbital forcing on terrestrial hydroclimate and depositional stability. Moreover, our results provide a new reference framework for Early Triassic terrestrial astrochronology and a geological constraint for refining future astronomical solutions and inter-basin correlations.

The Early Cretaceous avian ichnofauna of Laurasia, particularly in East Asia, is remarkably abundant. The northwestern region of China is the most productive area for bird tracks. Recently, four avian-dominated track sites have been discovered in the Cretaceous Lanzhou-Minhe Basin of Gansu, where the shorebird track Koreanaornis, , the ankylopollexian track Caririchinium and the turtle track Chelonipus occur. The Kongjiasi site yields a new type of the fluvio-lacustrine Chelonipus ichnocoenosis related to birds, which was previously defined to include only non-avian theropods and turtles. The site is associated with a waterfront foraging site of a Cretaceous shorebird which might be due to the invertebrate-rich substrate. The sole association of both bird and other theropod tracks with Chelonipus ichnocoenosis may indicate a difference in the appetite of avian and non-avian theropods for littoral foraging sites. And a review of the global turtle track-related ichnofauna and ichnocoenosis may offer new insights into the qualitative speculation of palaeobathymetry in riparian environments. (c) 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Accurately estimating the duration of the Induan Stage (Early Triassic) is crucial for understanding biotic recovery and the rate of environmental upheavals following the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. However, there is considerable uncertainty because astrochronological and radiometric dating approaches have given substantially different durations. In this study, we establish a comprehensive chronological framework for the Induan Stage by integrating astrochronology, magnetostratigraphy, radiometric dating, biostratigraphy, and chemostratigraphy. Marine sections in South China, at Xiejiacao, Chaohu, and Daxiakou, preserve continuous Lower Triassic deposits, providing a unique opportunity for integrated stratigraphic studies. By analyzing new gamma ray series from the Xiejiacao section and gamma ray series from the Chaohu and Daxiakou sections, we construct a composite 405 kyr eccentricity cycle-calibrated time scale for the Induan Stage. Our results estimate the Induan duration at 1.57 +/- 0.2 Myr. By anchoring this timescale to the Permian-Triassic boundary (251.902 +/- 0.024 Ma), we propose an age of 250.33 +/- 0.2 Ma for the Induan-Olenekian boundary. The revised timescale reconciles previous discrepancies between astrochronological and radiometric dating, providing a robust foundation for improving global stratigraphic correlations and enhancing our understanding of key phenomena, including carbon cycle perturbations and environmental changes during the Induan. Moreover, it offers a new timeline for biotic recovery following the Permian-Triassic mass extinction and contributes to the ongoing refinement of the Geologic Time Scale.

A variety of avemetatarsalian and non-archosaurian reptile tracks have been discovered in the lower Cretaceous Hekou Group in western China, where they occur alongside a herbivorous dinosaur skeletal fauna. A new track assemblage has recently been identified in the upper Hekou Group in Matan Natural Village, Jingyuan County, situated to the east of the primary track assemblage. The track-bearing bed is composed of sandstone-dominated, gypsum-included mottled clastic deposits, which indicate an arid braided river environment. All of the tracks in this site are classified as Cretaceous ichnospecies of Grallator, G. ssatoi, which are distributed in northern China. Additionally, the specimens exhibit members exceeding the original definition of Grallator (<= 15 cm). These well-preserved tracks not only demonstrate the widespread distribution of this ichnospecies in the Lower Cretaceous of China, but also provide insight into the relationship between the metatarsophalangeal pad traces of G. ssatoi and preservation. The sliding traces among them can indicate the ability of trackmakers to maintain balance while walking. Furthermore, the closely associated parallel trackways suggest that the trackmakers may have exhibited gregarious behaviour, and that such aggregation during marching may have been related to their self-preserving strategy.

The Coqen area of the Lhasa Terrane, Xizang (Tibet, Southwest China) has provided key evidence for understanding Triassic history in the region. However, the stratigraphic subdivision of the Middle to Upper Triassic remains unclear. Here we present new results on the conodont biostratigraphy at Dibuco, a section in the Lhasa Terrane. Sixteen genera and forty-three species are identified, including one new species: Borinella dibucoensis sp. nov. of the Spathian (Olenekian) age. Eight conodont zones are established from the Late Olenekian to the Early Norian. These are, in ascending order, Triassospathodus homeri - Columbitella jubata Zone, Neogondolella constricta Zone, Paragondolella praeszaboi Zone, Budurovignathus mungoensis Zone, Quadralella polygnathiformis Zone, Quadralella praelindae Zone, Carnepigondolella oertlii - Carnepigondolella nodosa Zone and Ancyrogondolella aff. quadrata Zone. This is a relatively complete conodont succession for eastern part of Tethys region and it shows close relationship with western Tethys and eastern Tethys (South China). Based on the conodont biostratigraphy, the base of Zhulong Formation, previously lacking a precise age assignment, is shown to be of late Anisian age.

The Smithian-Spathian (S-S) transition (similar to 249.7 to 248.7 Ma) of the Early Triassic was marked by profound paleoenvironmental upheavals, including a pronounced temperature decline following the hyperthermal event in the late Smithian, a major positive excursion in carbonate carbon isotope composition (delta C-13(carb)), and a significant biotic crisis. Yet, the mechanisms and causal linkages underlying these coeval phenomena remain elusive. In this study, we present high-temporal-resolution magnesium isotope data from siliciclastic residues within carbonate rocks (delta Mg-26(residue)), a well-established proxy for continental chemical weathering intensity, across the S-S boundary in the Waili and Jiarong sections in South China. Our results document a distinct positive delta Mg-26(residue) shift in the lowermost Spathian in both sections, signifying intensified continental chemical weathering. This isotopic shift broadly coincides with the positive delta C-13(carb) excursion and the recovery of terrestrial ecosystems but postdates the late Smithian thermal maximum. We interpret this temporal sequence to suggest that the recovery of terrestrial ecosystems, particularly the expansion of vascular land plants, acted as a primary driver of enhanced continental chemical weathering. The resulting increase in continental chemical weathering likely amplified nutrient flux to the ocean, potentially promoting local marine anoxia and climate cooling observed in the earliest Spathian. These findings underscore the critical role of terrestrial-marine coupling in modulating Early Triassic biogeochemical feedbacks and global climate evolution.

The Raohe area of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China belongs to the Nadanhada Terrane, which was in low latitudes of Panthalassa during the Triassic. The composition of the Late Triassic conodont fauna, derived from limestone lenses interpreted to formed on seamounts, provides important new information on the pelagic biota in this ocean. New conodont samples collected from sections at Minzhu, Minnan and Chigangbei sections belong to three Norian conodont zones. In ascending order, they are: Mockina postera Zone, Mockina bidentata Zone and Parvigondolella andrusovi Zone. The Norian conodont fauna in the Raohe area has distinct attributes: there are a lot of cosmopolitan species(e. g., Mockina postera, Mockina bidentata, Parvigondolella andrusovi) which enable good global correlation; endemic conodont species are also present(e. g., Mockina sakurae, Mockina shamiseni, Norigondolella nadanhadaensis) indicating that Panthalassa Ocean conodont populations also contained unique taxa; and some conodonts belong to taxa with much shorter ranges in surrounding epeiric seas(e.g., Carnepigondolella pseudoechinata, Neocavitella cavitata and Epigondolella vialovi). The presence of the latter “relicts ” indicates that the seamounts were persistently suitable habitats for many millions of years in the Late Triassic.

The Early Triassic, the earliest epoch of the Mesozoic, was a critical time following the end-Permian mass extinction that had major biological and environmental changes during the prolonged recovery. A highresolution temporal global framework is essential to understand the patterns of recovery after catastrophes. The Lower Triassic strata of South China have been intensively studied, and three Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSPs) have been defined or proposed in this region to delimit the Lower Triassic stages, including the Meishan D for base of the Induan Stage (Permian-Triassic Boundary), Chaohu for base of the Olenekian Stage (Induan-Olenekian Boundary), and Wantou/Guandao for base of the Anisian Stage (OlenekianAnisian Boundary). Based on the review, updates and correlations of data from the reference sections of Xiejiacao, Chaohu, Xiakou, Guandao and Wantou in South China and correlations to reference sections in the Arctic and Europe, we propose a revised Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS) for the Early Triassic that includes magnetostratigraphy, conodont biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy. The timescale for Early Triassic polarity magnetochrons is calibrated either by radioisotopic dating, or by identified 405-kyr longeccentricity cycles from the Chaohu, Xiakou and Guandao sections in South China and similar cyclostratigraphic scaling of the magnetostratigraphy from the Germanic Basin. The revised GPTS provides a powerful tool for highresolution correlation of marine global environment fluctuations in all settings, including shallow marine and non-marine strata. The beginning of chron LT1n (the first normal-polarity chron of the Early Triassic) corresponds to the first appearance datum (FAD) of Hindeodus changxingensis, within the narrow interval between the Latest Permian mass extinction (LPME), as recognized by the major biota loss and a rapid negative carbon isotopic excursion, and the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) as recognized by the FAD of Hindeodus parvus or other earliest Triassic taxa. The beginning of LT3n was slightly after the FAD of Novispathodus waageni eowaageni (potential index marker for the Induan-Olenekian Boundary) and the maximum of a positive carbon isotopic excursion, which was slightly prior to the beginning of LT3n. The middle point of carbon isotopic excursions associated with the FAD of Nov. pingdingshanensis (potential proxies for the Smithian-Spathian Boundary) is close to the end of the LT6n. The FAD of Chiosella timorensis (potential index marker for the Olenekian-Anisian Boundary) was between subchrons MT1n and MT2n, and close to the maximum of the positive carbon isotopic excursion. This updated Early Triassic geomagnetic polarity timescale provided a framework for better correlation and dating of successions in the Boreal and Tethyan marine realms and in non-marine terrestrial basins.

As of 2019, 119 oil and gas fields were involved in the Paleogene of the Bohai exploration area, accounting for more than 85% of the total number of oil and gas fields in the Bohai Bay Basin. Previous studies have confirmed that there are significant differences in the degree of oil and gas enrichment in the Paleogene of the Bohai exploration area. However, how these differences affect the hydrocarbon generation potential, and oil and gas resource distribution in each region has not been thoroughly studied; the controlling factors contributing to these differences have also not been fully elucidated. In view of this, based on the research results of projects on oil and gas exploration in the Bohai Bay Basin over the past decade, this paper statistically analyzed a large amount of data on source rocks, sedimentation rates, etc., and explored the differential enrichment of oil and gas in the Bohai exploration area and its genetic mechanisms. The research shows that from the offshore to the center of the marine area, the Paleogene oil and gas enrichment horizons have the characteristics of changing from old to new; the Paleogene source rocks in the offshore and marine areas have significant differences in thickness, total organic carbon content, organic matter type and maturity, and these differences determine the hydrocarbon generation potential and oil and gas resource distribution in each area; the sedimentary filling process in the Bohai exploration area is mainly controlled by tectonic uplift and subsidence and changes in lake level, and it has experienced stages such as rifting and lake transgression, thus showing obvious differences in provenance and sedimentary reservoirs; three sets of source–reservoir–caprock combinations are developed in the Bohai exploration area, and oil and gas are mainly enriched in the source rock strata and adjacent reservoirs. The middle and upper source–reservoir–caprock combinations have the best configurations, and from the offshore to the marine area, oil and gas show a trend from enrichment in Es3 to enrichment in Es1–Ed. Due to the differences in sag types, there is differential enrichment of oil and gas in the Bohai exploration area. According to the sedimentation rate, the sag types in the study area can be divided into early-developed type, inherited-developed type and late-developed type. The sag types in the Bohai exploration area show the characteristics of gradually changing from the offshore to the late type in the marine area, and there is a good corresponding relationship between the sag types and the vertical enrichment strata of oil and gas. The research results can provide a reference for discussing the oil and gas accumulation laws and future exploration and development of the Bohai exploration area.

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt was formed by the subduction to closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO). However, it is highly controversial about the closing time of the PAO, especially its middle segment in the northern Alxa orogenic belt (NAOB). In this study, the new and published zircon U-Pb and Hf data for the Carboniferous to Permian sediments across the NAOB have been integrated to reply the above problem. The depositional ages have been constrained as the Carboniferous to Permian by the detrital zircon ages, fossil assemblages and stratigraphic correlation. The Carboniferous sandstones are dominated by the Paleozoic zircons (mainly around 380-510 Ma) with a few Precambrian zircons. The late Cambrian to early Carboniferous zircons with positive to slightly negative (epsilon Hf)(t) values were probably sourced from the orogen itself. The early Paleozoic zircons with slightly to extremely negative( epsilon Hf)(t) values and the late Archean to Paleoproterozoic zircons were likely derived from the surrounding cratonic blocks in the south. For the Permian samples, the Carboniferous to Permian age signal is enhanced. The Permian zircons yield similar age peaks around 278-279 Ma and similar (epsilon Hf)(t) values, and thus shared a similar source. Thus, the Carboniferous to Permian sediments received detritus across the PAO, indicating the closure of the PAO. Subsequently, the NAOB entered into an extensional setting based on the detrital zircon age patterns, rift-related volcanic rocks and basin analysis. Finally, a tectonopaleogeographic reconstruction from the Carboniferous relic sea and marine transgression to Permian marine regression-transgression-regression with crustal extension was proposed.

The establishment of the latest Permian geomagnetic polarity time scale has been inhibited by the inconsistent polarity patterns published by different teams for the section at Meishan, which hosts the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Points (GSSPs) for the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) and base of the underlying Changhsingian Stage. We have analyzed the magnetostratigraphy of the Shangsi section, the former candidate for the PTB GSSP, and the alternate Chaotian section in South China to compile a reliable geomagnetic polarity timescale spanning the late Wuchiapingian and Changhsingian (Late Permian) to early Induan (Early Triassic). The late Wuchiapingian to early Changhsingian is dominated by normal polarity (chron “LP2n” of Hounslow and Balabanov, 2018) with three reversed-polarity subchrons (LP2n.0r to LP2n.2r) within the Clarkina wangi conodont Zone. The mid to late Changhsingian is dominated by reversed polarity, with the onset of this chron “LP2r” in the C. changxingensis Zone. The biostratigraphic placement of the brief normal-polarity chron “LP3n” of the late Changhsingian is within the C. yini Zone. The reversed-polarity chron “LP3r” of the latest Changhsingian (late C. yini to C. meishanensis Zones) is succeeded by the normal-polarity chron “LT1n” that spans from the very latest Changhsingian into the early Griesbachian substage of the basal Triassic. The onset of this chron LT1n coincided with the lowest occurrence of Hindeodus changxingensis, which is just after the onset of the latest Permian mass extinction in South China and slightly prior to the PTB. The integration of conodont biozones, carbon isotope excursions and the revised magnetostratigraphy composite from the Shangsi and Chaotian sections produces a high-resolution consistent sequence of the latest Permian mass extinction (LPME), the onset of chron LT1n and then the PTB; thereby enabling high-resolution global correlation of these latest Permian to basal Triassic events.

The Tuchengzi Formation represents a Jurassic - Cretaceous boundary regional lithological unit that bridges the temporal gap between the Yanliao biota and the Jehol biota. Tetrapod tracks represent the most significant vertebrate fossil records in the formation, and can be employed to supplement the Late Jurassic fauna and palaeoecological data from northern China. Here, we present a re-analysis of the theropod tracks from the Luofenggou site in northern Hebei Province, utilising an additional 3D model and a locomotory analysis to provide further insights into the ecological context. A morphological analysis indicates that these tracks are more similar to Grallator than to the previously proposed Therangospodus. The latter is diagnosed by coalesced, elongate, oval digital pads lacking a separation in distinct phalangeal pads, whereas these are clearly defined in the presented Tuchengzi material. They can therefore be assigned to the widespread G. ssatoi ichnospecies from the Tuchengzi Formation, although they are longer and more variable in size than other G. ssatoi. A general consideration of speed-related locomotive parameters, trackway morphology, and superposition allows for the speculation of the existence of cooperative or predatory relationships between theropod trackmakers that were differentiated by size or stages of ontogeny, but had similar foot structures.

The Early Cretaceous period is characterised by a rapid evolutionary radiation for dinosaurs. Yunnan Province, one of China's richest regions for dinosaur records, has yielded numerous skeletal and track fossils from the Middle and Lower Jurassic deposits, while the Lower Cretaceous dinosaur records are relatively scarce. This paper reports the discovery of a large dinosaur tracksite from the Lower Cretaceous Matoushan Formation in Huashiban Village, Konglongshan Town, Lufeng City, Yunnan Province. Preliminary analysis has identified at least 418 footprints that are dominated by sauropods, with theropod and ornithopod footprints also present. The track assemblage from the Huashiban main site broadens our understanding of the distribution of Early Cretaceous dinosaurs in Yunnan, which shows greater consistency with the Lower Cretaceous tetrapod track assemblage from the Sichuan Basin.

The Norian Stage (Late Triassic) has long been regarded as an interval of stable climates, but, in fact, there are only sparse studies of the paleoclimate variations during this longest (>20 Myr) stage of the Phanerozoic. Here, oxygen and strontium isotopes have been measured on conodont apatite from the open-marine shelf succession at the Xiquelin section (Baoshan block, Yunnan Province, China). Magnetostratigraphy linked to conodont biostratigraphy indicates that the succession was deposited during the Sevatian substage, upper Norian. The O-delta 18(apatite) values from conodonts indicate that low-latitude average sea-surface temperatures in eastern Tethys were 32 degrees C during the earliest Sevatian, cooled to 25 degrees C through the middle Sevatian, and then increased again to 29 degrees C by the late Sevatian. The seawater Sr-87/Sr-86 values maintained a high plateau through the entire Sevatian, with very little variation between inferred warm and cool episodes. The possible explanation for the observed trends in sea-surface temperature and Sr-87/Sr-86 during Sevatian is an enhanced weathering of silicates exposed during the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean at the zenith of Pangea supercontinent assembly.

The Banqiao area in the Bohai Bay Basin has experienced three stages of extensional deformation, leading to the formation of numerous fault-bound traps. Faults, acting as boundary conditions for these traps, play a crucial role in hydrocarbon accumulation. In this study, we conducted a 3D structural modeling of the area using high-resolution 3D seismic data and established a fault-reservoir database based on previous research. Our findings reveal four levels of faults in the Banqiao area: basin-controlling faults, boundary faults, derivative master faults, and secondary adjusting faults. The structural units can be categorized into subsag areas, slope areas, stress tran-sition zones, bifurcation and main incised fault zones, and southern block areas. The segmented growth of the main boundary faults controls the evolution of the subsags, with the subsidence center gradually shifting eastward from Rift Phase I to Rift Phase II, aligning with the distribution of source rocks. Fault-bound traps in the Banqiao area include single faults, intersecting faults, and side faults. Faults primarily act as barriers to lateral hydrocarbon migration during the process of hydrocarbon accumulation, while also providing pathways to a lesser extent. By integrating the fault-reservoir database with the fault system classification, we identified four types of fault-controlled hydro-carbon accumulation models: like-dipping fault barrier model, oppositely-dipping fault barrier model, intersecting fault barrier model, and reactivation-controlled secondary hydrocarbon ac-cumulation model. This structural geological model effectively demonstrates the spatial configura-tion of faults and their role in hydrocarbon accumulation in the Banqiao area. The fault control mechanisms presented in the model can also be applied to other blocks in the Bohai Bay Basin, laying a foundation for future petroleum exploration in continental rifted basins and facilitating the ap-plication of big data algorithms in various geoscientific research fields.

The Chenghai area is a secondary structural unit within the Qikou sag of the Bohai Bay Basin, located in the southern part of the Dagang offshore area, known for its abundant oil and gas resources. Influenced by multiple episodes of tectonic activity, the Chenghai area exhibits a highly developed fault system, which significantly impacts oil and gas exploration in the region. To investigate the structural characteristics of fault zones in the Chenghai area and their petroleum geological significance, this study builds upon previous research by utilizing oilfield drilling data and relevant seismic information. Through methods such as fault growth index analysis, structural evolution history, and examination of typical oil and gas reservoir profiles, a detailed structural analysis of fault-controlled hydrocarbon accumulation in this petroleum region was conducted. The results reveal three types of fault classifications in the study area: basal-controlled continuously active faults, buried reactivated segmented growth-connected faults, and late-stage continuously active isolated growth faults. The structural evolution is divided into four stages: the pre-Paleogene basement formation stage, the Rifting I stage of intense extensional deformation, the Rifting II stage of extensional stress reversal and intense deformation, and the post-Eocene weak extensional deformation-stable burial stage. The fault-controlled accumulation models include three types: fault-guided longitudinal accumulation, lateral sealing fault masking accumulation, and far-source step-like fault-guided accumulation. The formation of fault zones and fault-controlled oil and gas reservoirs in the Chenghai area is primarily influenced by inherited development faults, which determine the overall macroscopic distribution of oil and gas. The formation of oil and gas reservoirs occurred relatively late, with a general trend of decreased fault activity during this period, facilitating the effective accumulation and sealing of hydrocarbons.