OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical characteristics, risk factors and factors affecting the severity of the disease in patients with diabetic foot at the current stage through a multi-center cross-sectional survey.
 Methods: Clinical data of 326 patients with diabetic foot (205 males and 121 females) from 13 general hospitals nationwide were collected from October to November 2017 using a unified clinical data collection table. The clinical characteristics were analyzed, and the influential factors for severe diabetic foot were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.
 Results: Among 326 patients with diabetic foot, 68.4% of the patients were more than 60 years old, and 60.1% of the patients received primary or junior high school education; 96.3% of the patients developed Type 2 diabetes; 80.1% of patients had glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)≥7%; 60.1% of patients suffered dyslipidemia. Improper wearing of footwear (38.5%) is the main cause of diabetic foot. Diabetic neuropathy (76.7%), diabetic retinopathy (62.3%) and lower limb vascular disease (57.4%) were the most common complications. Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetic nephropathy, diabetic lower extremity vascular disease, and HbA1c levels were independent risk factors for severe diabetic foot, and receiving foot care education can be regarded as a protective factor.
 Conclusion: The diabetic foot occurs mostly in male patients, and Type 2 diabetes with older age, lower education level, poor glycemic control and dyslipidemia are the risk factors. Diabetic nephropathy, diabetic lower extremity vascular disease, HbA1c, and receiving foot care education are independent influential factors for the severity of diabetic foot.

老年人骨质疏松十分常见,肌肉力量差,机体协调平衡能力下降,创伤往往导致多处骨折,骨折后隐性失血和术中失血可造成贫血,而严重贫血可造成机体代谢障碍,并诱发心脑血管意外,同时贫血与骨科患者并发症发生率、死亡率增加及异体输血有关,发生深静脉血栓和肺栓塞的概率增加,感染机会增加、康复时间延长[1].血液管理方案(PBM)能减少患者失血,降低患者输血率和缩短住院时间,减少患者的医疗费用[2],配合有效的护理对改善患者的临床预后具有重要意义.本文对血液管理模式下多处骨折老年贫血患者实施护理配合,取得满意效果.现报道如下.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of transitional care intervention on patients with diabetic foot ulcer(DFU), so as to provide nursing evidence for clinical. Methods The literatures of randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the transitional care intervention on patients with diabetic foot ulcer were searched electronically in national and international medical databases from database created to 31st January 2017. The modified Jadad scale was used to evaluate methodological quality. Rev Man 5.3.1 software was used for the Meta-analysis. Results A total of 16 RCTs were enrolled in this Meta-analysis. The Meta-analysis showed that transitional care intervention on patients with DFU was more effectively in improving self-efficacy compared routine nursing [SMD=1.75, 95%CI(1.28, 2.22), P< 0.001], promoting the master of the hypoglycemic knowledge [SMD=1.94, 95%CI(0.79, 3.09), P=0.001]and daily foot care knowledge [SMD=1.87, 95%CI (1.44, 2.30), P< 0.001],decreasing the fasting blood glucose [MD=-0.87, 95%CI(-1.11, -0.63), P<0.001]and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose [MD=-1.43,95%CI(-1.85, -1.01),P<0.001], reducing the glycosylated hemoglobin [MD=-0.84, 95%CI(-1.41, -0.27), P=0.004],as well as decreasing the DFU infection rate [RR=0.26, 95%CI(0.11, 0.60), P=0.004]and DFU recurrence rate [RR=0.20, 95%CI(0.05, 0.73), P=0.020]. Conclusions Currently, published evidence from RCTs suggests that transitional care intervention on patients with DFU is superior to conventional nursing; however, available studies are not adequate to draw a conclusion on the superiority and effectiveness of transitional care intervention on DFU due to the methodological flaws of the included trials. Hence, people could provide useful experience on further studies which are multiple centered and have big sample to confirm our findings.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors for oral infections in 340 cases of diabetic patients so as to pro-pose countermeasures to reduce oral infections .METHODS From Mar .2013 to Mar .2015 ,the clinical data ,inclu-ding medical history ,underlying diseases ,diabetes status ,education background ,other combined oral infections and relevant preventing and treating knowledge of oral infections ,of 340 cases of diabetic patients with oral infec-tions were retrospectively analyzed .RESULTS The analysis found that univariate factor of oral infections included:age>70 years ,constituting a ratio of 50 .59% ;blood glucose levels>11 mmol/L ,constituting a ratio of 52 .35% ;the oral mucosa ,constituting a ratio of 42 .35% ;poor oral cavity care ,the proportion constituting 77 .65% ;and insufficiency of diabetes combined with oral infections accounted for 55 .29% .However ,gender ,education ,histo-ry of diabetes ,BMI indexes were not significant risk factors .Moreover ,only less than 30 .00% of the diabetic pa-tients knew that the early symptoms of oral infections were swelling of the gum and the fluctuation of blood glu-cose level could cause oral diseases .CONCLUSION The relevant measures should be taken to avoid high risk factors for diabetic patients to reduce the incidence of the combined oral infections .