生产建设项目的土壤侵蚀是土壤侵蚀学科研究的热点话题.生产建设项目边坡及弃土侵蚀是一种典型的人为加速侵蚀,严重制约着生态文明建设和经济的发展.本文对边坡和弃土侵蚀影响机制,从降雨径流条件、土壤特性、地形及微地貌因子、水土保持防护措施等方面,将国内外研究成果进行了系统阐述.首先,总结了国内外边坡和弃土坡面侵蚀在降雨径流条件下,其坡面泥沙剥蚀、运移、沉积过程和坡面水流条件的时空变化;指出在土壤自身特性(包括外来物石砾、土壤物理性质、土壤添加物等)条件下,土壤中石砾质量分数是边坡和弃土坡面侵蚀水沙变化的重要因子,土壤物理性质决定坡面径流发生与否,土壤添加物促进土壤团聚过程,增加入渗为主;其次,揭示了坡面地形及其微地貌条件下,影响径流再分配和侵蚀分异特征;最后,对边坡及弃土坡面侵蚀在水土保持防治措施下,调控径流、削减泥沙的效果进行分析,并为今后生产建设项目边坡及弃土侵蚀研究的内容和方向作出展望,为边坡和弃土水土流失防治提供理论依据.

Due to historical reasons, the natural factors and human interference, sandy land issue at Poyang Lake area has become one of the outstanding problems south of ecological environment, Pinus elliottii is the main species of sand control. To reveal the soil nutrient effect in sandy vegetation restoration, taking desertificated comprehensive management emonstration area in the Gangshang Town of Nanchang County of Jiangxi Province as the test point, and different structures of P. elliottii as study object, and bare sand as a control, three sample of 20 m ×20 m were set up in P. elliottii + shrub +grass, P. elliottii + grass, P. elliottii pure forests and control of bare sand, respectively, the main nutrient content in different structure of P. elliottii forests was determined, and through the grey correlation analysis, comprehensive evaluation was made on soil nutrient of different structure of P. elliottii forests. The results showed that P. elliottii+shrub+grass can significantly improve the soil nutrient content, the gray correlation degree of 0.923, with highest soil fertility; P. elliottii +grass except has no significant effect on soil total potassium content, but other nutrient content were significantly improved, gray correlation degree of 0.612, soil fertility in general. The phosphorus, potassium content of P. elliottii pure forest soil was significantly lower than that of bare sand, gray correlation degree of 0.485, poor soil fertility. The results showed that the P. elliottii +shrub + grass has highest soil fertility, indicating that the effect of P. elliottii + shrub + grass configuration structure improving sandy soil nutrients was better than the other two forest structure.