轴承的倾斜微动由径向微动和水平微动叠加而成,且水平微动分量的振幅大于径向振幅,叠加而成的倾斜微动振幅大,倾斜微动磨损速率高,产生光亮的磨损形态.基于案例分析,对轴承倾斜微动磨损的定义、产生机理、常见分布、磨损特征等进行了详细介绍,分析指出:倾斜微动磨损痕迹能够表明对磨件之间处于倾斜状态,对轴承运转姿态识别,工作载荷分布识别和失效分析具有重要意义.

The linear defects similar to cracks caused by surface treatment of bearing parts are analyzed,which is caused by waterline corrosion in electrochemical corrosion.The reason is that the acid solution stays on surface of bearing parts too long time.The waterline corrosion occurs at intersection of air,acid solution and bearing raceway.The existence of acid solution accelerates the corrosion rate and makes the linear characteristics of waterline corrosion more obvious.The waterline corrosion defects in raceway have liquid boundary contours,and their macromorphology characteristics can be used as identification criteria of defects.

介绍了轴承零件磨削过程中因磨削定位支承导致的裂纹,分析其产生的原因为:由于轴承零件磨削时的定位特性,导致磨削定位支承与轴承零件之间存在相对运动,摩擦磨损出现在磨削定位支承与轴承零件的接触区,在组织应力和机械应力的叠加作用下产生裂纹.另外,指出了磨削定位支承裂纹常见的产生位置,并对其形貌特征进行了归类.

磨削剥离裂纹产生的原因为:当磨削变质层的深度达数个毫米时,在深度方向上磨削变质层和零件基体正常组织之间的应力显著增大,受此应力叠加作用的影响,当磨削裂纹在表面最大拉应力处产生并扩展到一定深度后,最大拉应力的最大方向从原来水平方向逐渐向垂直方向偏转,使裂纹沿着水平方向扩展,当达到变质区的边界时受表面变质区收缩拉应力的影响,再扩展到表面,形成磨削剥离裂纹,并在裂纹末端伴随有明显的锯齿特征.

分析了磨削非正常接触及其时空敏感性,阐述了以酸洗-磁粉探伤复合检测来显示裂纹和磨削变质层关系的方法,提出通过对磨削宏观痕迹分析来寻找真实磨削接触条件的方法,并介绍了一些典型的磨削非正常接触案例.

以精密交叉圆柱滚子轴承内滚道的磨加工为研究对象,分别介绍了手动直杆修整、液压直杆修整、数控插补修整和金刚石滚轮修整4种不同的砂轮修整工艺方法,通过举例对比分析了不同砂轮修整方法对轴承内滚道加工精度、加工效率的影响,从而针对不同的生产方式和工艺要求,提出了相应的砂轮修整方法,以达到生产效率与加工精度的统一.

从尺度问题出发,研究磨削原理和磨削热缺陷产生的机理,分析磨削过程中的能量流动,以及磨削原理和磨削热缺陷形成时所包含的尺度问题.研究表明:磨削热缺陷的控制是基于深入认知的尺度问题,进而预判和排除在各种不同的磨削情况下导致某种尺度失控的因素.

The causes of abnormal noise,chipping and poor appearance quality of locking point of original cages in ex-tra-large size thrust ball bearings are analyzed.The new forming die for locking point of cages is designed,and the structural components,the design of main components and the working process of the forming die are introduced in de-tail.The practical problems in production are effectively solved by using forming die with new structure,such as the uneven locking point size and offsetting imprinting position in imprinting of locking point of cage pocket.

The electric system of bearing test machine is introduced,the main interference signals are analyzed,and the anti-interference measures are elaborated from grounding,harmonic,wiring and layout,data acquisition and signal transmission.