【目的】明确不同温度对沙巴拟刀角瓢虫Serangiellasababensis生长发育和繁殖的影响，为烟粉虱天敌的应用提供理论依据。【方法】在17、20、25、30和32℃的恒温条件下，测定沙巴拟刀角瓢虫的存活率和发育历期，计算出发育起点温度、有效积温和生命表参数。【结果】成虫前期存活率和产卵量在25℃时最高，分别为80.78%±6.42%和（284.00±59.71）粒。从卵发育至成虫的发育历期在17℃时最长（57.06±1.28）d,30℃时最短（13.85±0.12）d。成虫前期的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为（11.29±1.86）℃和（271.40±34.44）日·度。在25℃时，沙巴拟刀角瓢虫种群的净增殖力R0最高，内禀增长率rm在30℃最高。【结论】沙巴拟刀角瓢虫的最适温区为25-30℃，与烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）的最适温区相近，可以在烟粉虱暴发的时期大量应用。

To provide a theoretical basis for further research on improving nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency, in this study we investigated the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the yield, nitrogen metabolism, and antioxidant response of different rice genotypes. A pot experiment was conducted with three different rice genotypes (NIL-7, NIL-8, and 02428) grown under two different nitrogen application levels (HN, 1.88 g N/10 kg soil, and LN, 0.94 g N/10 kg soil). The grain yield, growth, antioxidant attributes, and N metabolism of different rice genotypes were assessed. We found that HN treatment significantly improved effective panicles per pot, total dry weight, and yield, but reduced harvest index of NIL-7, NIL-8, and 02428 compared with LN treatment. Compared with LN, HN treatment increased grain yield in NIL-7, NIL-8, and 02428 by 9.05%, 16.75%, and 48.35%, respectively. The activities of the enzymes involved in the nitrogen metabolism were changed and the regulation of antioxidant attributes was observed in HN treatment as compared to LN. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased for HN relative to LN. Moreover, the efficiency of the N application was different among genotypes. In conclusion, nitrogen application regulated the grain yield, nitrogen metabolism, and antioxidant response of different rice genotypes.

[目的]对桉属树木的重要害虫桉树枝瘿姬小蜂Leptocybe invasa胚胎发育及胚后发育生物学特征进行详细调查,以期深入了解该害虫的生物学特征及发生为害规律.[方法]对桉树枝瘿姬小蜂雌性生殖系统、卵、虫瘿进行解剖,观察其胚胎发育和胚后发育过程,测量其各发育阶段的虫瘿、虫室和幼体的体积及薄壁细胞层的厚度.[结果]桉树枝瘿姬小蜂完成胚胎发育约需138 h,由3个阶段组成:产卵后0-24 h为营养物质聚集期;36-84 h为胚胎期;96-138 h为孵化期.桉树枝瘿姬小蜂在虫瘿内完成发育,其发育过程与虫瘿发育过程保持一致.虫瘿结构由3个基本层组成,由外至内分别为表皮层、中间层和薄壁细胞层.桉树枝瘿姬小蜂幼虫体积增长速率随发育时间呈现单峰型,在30 d时增长速率达到最大;虫瘿体积的增长速率呈抛物线状,并且虫瘿内薄壁细胞层厚度随发育时间也呈现抛物线状,其前期增长较快,后期下降变缓.[结论]桉树枝瘿姬小蜂发育至25 d时处于取食量较小的低龄阶段,而虫瘿内薄壁细胞层(食物)厚度已达到最大,为幼虫体积快速增大阶段作好准备.

The CO2 increment under climate change leads to adverse growth and quality such as decrease in Zn content of crops. The organic carbon nutrition such as alpha-ketoglutaric acid (A) is an important carbon source for crops contributing to better crop growth and Zn content in plant. Zn fertilization enhanced its absorption and assimilation resulting in better crop growth. However, the effect of alpha-ketoglutaric acid and Zn in regulating of its content in rice plant, on growth, photosynthetic attributes and chlorophyll fluorescence are still limited. A pot experiment was conducted by using two aromatic rice cultivars, Meixiangzhan 2 and Yuxiangyouzhan. The rice plants at 3 leaf stage were subjected to two Zn levels (Zn-; 0 mg.kg(-1) and Zn+;10 mg.kg(-1)) and two alpha-ketoglutaric acid levels (A-; 0 mg.L-1 and A+; 50 mg.L-1). The results demonstrated strong Zn and a-ketoglutaric acid interactive effect on the plant Zn content and root dry weight. The highest Zn content in plant for Meixiangzhan 2 (19.59 mu g.g(-1)) and Yuxiangyouzhan (25.75 mu g.g(-1)) was observed under Zn-A+ treatment, followed by Zn+A-, Zn+A+ and Zn-A- treatments. The highest root dry weight was found under Zn+A+. Moreover, Zn and alpha-ketoglutaric acid application and the iteration of Zn and alpha-ketoglutaric acid strongly affected the chlorophyll fluorescence particularly at 1d, and regulated the photosynthetic parameters. The relationships between the Zn content in plant and the investigated parameters have been also accessed, with Zn content increased, plant height, photosynthetic attributes and chlorophyll fluorescence were improved. The Zn and alpha-ketoglutaric acid could regulate the Zn content in rice plant which was associated with the modulation of the plant growth, photosynthetic attributes and chlorophyll fluorescence. (C) 2020 Friends Science Publishers

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) in the regulation of grain yield, growth, and physiology and biochemistry of fragrant rice under lead (Pb) stress. Three fragrant rice cultivars (Daohuaxiang, Basmati, and Yungengyou14) were grown under two N application levels (CK, 0 kg N ha−1, and HN, 200 kg N ha−1) under Pb-contaminated soil. The grain yield, growth, antioxidant attributes, and N metabolism of fragrant rice cultivars were investigated. Results showed that compared with CK, HN treatment increased grain yield in Daohuaxiang, Basmati, and Yungengyou14 by 24.09%, 26.74%, and 23.29%, respectively. Improvement in the effective panicle, grain number per panicle, and 1000-grain weight and agronomic traits under HN treatment was detected. HN treatment decreased the seed setting rate in the three fragrant rice cultivars. In addition, the peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) activity in HN treatment were increased for the three fragrant rice cultivars at both heading stage and maturity as compared to CK. The correlation between the grain yield and the other investigated parameters has also been accessed. Yungengyou14 produced the highest partial factor productivity of N and agronomic use efficiency of N. Those results suggested that N could improve the grain yield resulted from affecting the growth and physiological response of fragrant rice grown under Pb-contaminated soil.