It is of significance that abundant biomass sucrose is converted into the high-value-added formic acid (FA) through the sucrose oxidative reaction (SOR). Herein, the high melting point metal rhenium (Re) is doped into the Sb2O3 to form Re-Sb2O3 nanoblock. The Re-Sb2O3 has narrower bandgap and more active sites, so it shows good electrocatalytic performances with a low SOR potential of 1.28 V at 10 mA cm-2 and a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) overpotential of 173 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH + 0.1 M sucrose, which are superior to Sb2O3 and commercial RuO2 and Pt/C. The Re-Sb2O3 successfully catalyzes sucrose to FA according to the 1H NMR data with a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 87.7% at 1.6 V. This work provides a strategy for biomass sucrose upcycling to protect environment linking to hydrogen evolution.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely used plastic but is difficult to degrade naturally, it can be decomposed into terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG) in alkaline medium. It...

The research on metal organic frameworks (MOFs) based heterojunctions has driven the development of highly sensitive electrochemical sensing platforms for detecting small molecules. Herein, we construct nanoflower structured of bismuth metal organic framework/bismuth trisulfide (Bi-MOF/Bi2S3) via a facile solvent-thermal method for non-enzymic nitrite detection. The as-obtained Bi-MOF/Bi2S3 heterojunction displays good electrocatalytic performances towards nitrite detection, including high sensitivity of 212.7 mu A cm- 2 mM- 1, low detection limit of 30 nM and wide concentration range from 0.3 mu M to 148.4 mu M, which are superior to those of corresponding Bi-MOF and Bi2S3 electrodes. And such non-enzymic nitrite sensor can also used for detect nitrite in real samples. The construction of Bi-MOF/Bi2S3 heterojunction promotes electron transfer and charge redistribution at the interface. Theoretical calculations show that it increases the nitrite adsorption energy, significantly improving the electrochemical sensing capability. More importantly, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified the proposed reaction intermediates and pathway. This finding provides valuable guidance for the fabrication of MOF based heterojunctions for practical environmental monitoring.

Polyimide (PI) is a high-performance plastic with excellent thermal stability, but the upcycling of waste PI presents a huge challenge. Herein, the waste PI film was degraded to be some micromolecules, among them, 2,2diaminobutane is first oxidized into 2,2-dinitrobutane under the catalytic effect of novel RuS2@Cu(OH)2 heterojunction through PI electrocatalytic reaction (PIER) with a high conversion of 90.4%. In the water splitting, the RuS2@Cu(OH)2 exhibits a low potential of 1.21 V at 10 mA cm-2, and an ultralow voltage of 0.73 V at 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH+0.1 M PI, as well as good stability. Besides, the RuS2@Cu(OH)2 has a good coupling HER capacity for a low HER potential of 68 mV at 10 mA cm-2. This work is first realized for high-value utilization of PI through electrocatalytic methods, and the product 2,2-dinitrobutane is a suitable precursor of dynamite in the nitration explosive field.

Energy crisis coupling environmental pollution caused by biomass is becoming global issues. Electrocatalytical water splitting to produce H2 and upgrading 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a "one stone two birds" way to solve these problems in the meantime. Herein, the 0.5Ni2O3H/0.5Sb2O3 heterojunction was synthesized as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and electrocatalytic HMF oxidative reaction (HMFOR), to utilize the design concept that the Ni2O3H is in charge of HMFOR, and the Sb2O3 is in charge of HER. The 0.5Ni2O3H/0.5Sb2O3 shows the outstanding performances with the HMFOR potential of 1.39 V and the HER potential of 129 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH + 0.1 M HMF. Meanwhile, the HMF is oxidized as FDCA through the 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid pathway according to the in situ electrochemical Attenuated Total Reflectance-Infrared Spectroscopy results, and the selectivity is up to 99.6% and the Faradaic efficiency is 95.5% at 1.3 V. This work provides a facile strategy to design a universal Sb-based heterojunction for electrocatalytic HER and HMF oxidation to generate FDCA.

In this work, we develop a new type of Zn-based electrode material, i.e., mulberry-shaped nanostructured zinc metal–organic frame/zinc sulfide (Zn-MOF/ZnS) heterojunction, which was synthesized via a green and convenient one-pot solvothermal method with common zinc salts as the metal precursor, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) as the organic ligand, and thioacetamide (TAA) as sulfur source. The porous structure of zinc metal–organic frame (Zn-MOF) can effectively adsorb and enrich naphthol molecules, accelerating material transport. Meanwhile, the integration of Zn-MOF with zinc sulfide (ZnS) to form the heterojunction interface can promote rapid electron transfer and improve the efficiency of electrocatalytic reactions. When used for electrochemical detection of naphthol isomers in water, the sensing performance of the resultant Zn-MOF/ZnS electrode is significantly improved in comparison with monolithic Zn-MOF and ZnS electrodes. The sensor achieves a detection linear range of 0.4–70 µM, with low detection limits of 30 nM for 1-naphthol (1-NAP) and 10 nM for 2-naphthol (2-NAP), respectively. In addition, the sensor has acceptable anti-interference ability, repeatability, and long-term stability, which can be used for the actual sensing of naphthol isomers in environmental water. This study provides new ideas and references for the development of high-performance electrode material for on-site monitoring of pollutants in water quality.

Hydrogen is a highly promising sustainable energy source; it can be produced by electrocatalytic water splitting, but searching for an efficient electrocatalyst is still a challenge. Herein, the rare-earth metal praseodymium (Pr) was used to form Pr10S14O, and the ruthenium (Ru) was introduced into Pr10S14O. The FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS were performed to analyze the morphologies and chemical properties of Ru-doped Pr10S14O. Besides, we probed the influences of doping temperature and content of Ru on electrocatalytic performances by the orthogonal experiment, and concluded that the kinetics of OER and HER are increased with the doping content of Ru, while the overpotentials of OER and HER are decreased with the doping temperature of Ru. The 30 %RuPr10S14O-70 shows the superior performances with a low OER potential of 1.50 V at 10 mA cm- 2 and a low HER overpotential of 44 mV at 10 mA cm- 2, as well as a low Tafel slope and small impedance. This work provides a considerable reference for rare-earth-based electrocatalysts for water splitting in producing hydrogen.

The large amount of discarded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has caused significant environmental problems.

The nature of stability and degradative resistance makes nano-plastics (NPs) pollution in water environment a long-term challenge. Besides, waste face masks (FM) pollution and electromagnetic waves pollution have caused serious harm to lives. Herein, to simultaneously address three types of pollution issues above, we supply a turning two wastes into one treasure strategy via adsorbing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) NPs into waste face masks by cobalt based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) and MXene for construction of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composites. The FM-g-MXene@ZIF-67 was prepared by covalent grafting of MXene and in situ incorporation of ZIF-67 onto surface of PP fibers in FM. This FM-g-MXene@ZIF-67 displayed adsorbing capability of NPs (73.11 mg/g) via physical interception, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bond interaction and hydrophobic interaction. Further, a convenient hot pressing method which can translate FM-gMXene@ZIF-67 adsorbed with NPs into EMI shielding composites to avoid secondary desorption of NPs was provided. After adsorption, the EMI SE of FM-g-MXene@ZIF-67 composites increased to 46.3 dB, while its thermally conductivity increased to 0.68 Wm-1K-1, attributed to construction of heterogeneous conductivenetwork integrated by ZIF-67, MXene, and PTFE NPs and dissipation at the heterogeneous interfaces created among them. Thus, our "waste-by-waste" strategy and post-treatment method shows promise for economic benefits for concurrently solving NPs pollution, waste facemasks pollution and its recycling in the field of EMI shielding materials and thermal management materials.

Electrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production presents a promising solution to the global energy crisis. The high-value recycling and utilization of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) presents an environmental-friendly solution to address the "white pollution" caused by plastics. How to link the two reactions? Significantly, in a PET hydrolysate solution, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) occurs at the cathode, while the ethylene glycol oxidative reaction (EGOR) occurs at the anode, producing hydrogen and formic acid (FA), respectively. The design of electrocatalyst is the key point. Herein, we synthesised and evaluated three copper (Cu) and tin (Sn)-based medium-entropy alloy oxides (MEAOs): Cu0.5Co0.5SnO3.17, Cu0.5Ga0.5SnO3.25 and Cu0.5Ni0.5SnO3. Cu0.5Co0.5SnO3.17 showed the most favourable electrochemical performance, with an HER overpotential of 181 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a low cell voltage of 1.26 V. Its electrochemical performance was better than that of the commercial RuO2 + Pt/C system. Besides, Cu0.5Co0.5SnO3.17 efficiently converts EG to FA, achieving a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 97.7 % at 1.6 V, slightly surpassing the performances of Cu0.5Ni0.5SnO3 and Cu0.5Ga0.5SnO3.25 MEAOs. Density functional theory (DFT) reveals that the Cu0.5Co0.5SnO3.17 possesses a d-band center that is closer to the Fermi level, and the Co 3d orbit has the most contribution to the density of state (DOS), reflecting more synergetic effect in the Cu0.5Co0.5SnO3.17.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the main trigger for the "white pollution" from plastics, which can be degraded to ethylene glycol (EG) and converted to formate. On the other hand, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) produces hydrogen (H2) to solve the energy crisis. For the electrocatalytic water splitting, EG oxidative reaction (EGOR) occurs at the anode and HER occurs at the cathode, showing "one stone for two birds" effect. Herein, the rhenate (Re) and cobalt (Co) were synthesized to Re0.5Co0.5O2.42 low-entropy alloy oxide (LEAO), which shows good electrochemical performances that the HER overpotential of 181 mV at 10 mA cm-2, and the low cell voltage of 1.26 V at 10 mA cm-2, which is superior to the commercial RuO2+Pt/C system. Furthermore, the Re0.5Co0.5O2.42 successfully converts the EG to formate via the Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 90.9 % at 1.4 V.

The energy crisis and white pollution have been considered as dual challengeable problems all over the world. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely used plastic but is difficult in naturally degrading. Herein, the PET is thermally decomposed into terephthalic acid (PTA) and ethylene glycol (EG), and the EG is oxidized to formic acid (FA) under the catalytic role of rapidly stretching Er-doped MnO2 (Rs-Er/MnO2) monocrystal nano-rod. The Rs-Er/MnO2 has disappeared Er 4d3/2 structure caused by the electron redistribution of Er 4d orbit, which is different from the Er/MnO2 and slowly stretching (Ss-Er/MnO2). The Rs-Er/MnO2 has more active sites, which provides the "one stone two birds" effect for converting EG into FA and water splitting to produce hydrogen energy. The Rs-Er/MnO2 shows a low water splitting voltage of 1.54 V at 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH+0.3 M EG, and EG is successfully oxidized to FA at the optimized voltage of 1.5 V according to the 1H NMR analysis. This work supplies an alternative pathway for rare-earth metal-based catalysts in the fields of PET plastics upcycling linking to hydrogen evolution.

It is significant that electrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is oxidized as 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Herein, the monocrystal NiSbSn0.5O4.5 MEAO was synthesized, which shows good HMF oxidative reaction (HMFOR) sensitivity that the HMFOR potential is only 1.51 V at 10 mA cm-2, and the HMF is converted to FDCA with the Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 85.3 % at 1.2 V. Besides, the NiSbSn0.5O4.5 shows a low HER overpotential of 229 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH + 0.1 M HMF, and the cell voltage is as low as 0.70 V at 10 mA cm-2. This work provides a potential avenue to design a ternary MEAO for electrocatalytic HER and HMFOR.

It is very appealing that 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)is electrocatalytical oxidized as 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA)linking to non-classical cathodic hydrogen(H2)production.However,the electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic HMF oxidative reaction(e-HMFOR)have been facing low Faradaic efficiency(FE)and high water splitting voltage.Herein,we propose a strategy of the NiSeO3@(CoSeO3)4 heterojunction by constructing a Co-Ni paired site,where the Co site is in charge of adsorbing for HMF while the electrons are transferred to the Ni site,thus giving the NiSeO3@(CoSeO3)4 heterojunc-tion superior electrocatalytic performances for e-HMFOR and water splitting.By optimizing conditions,the NiSeO3@(CoSeO3)4 heterojunction has high conversion of 99.7％,high selectivity of 99.9％,and high FE of 98.4％at 1.3 V,as well as low cell voltage of 1.31 V at 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH+0.1 M HMF.This study offers a potential insight for e-HMFOR to high value-added FDCA coupling water splitting to produce H2 in an economical manner.

Wasted biomass upcycling is an environmentally friendly approach that contributes to protecting the Earth.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely used plastic; however, it is not easily degraded. Actually, the ethylene glycol (EG) derived from PET hydrolysate can be electrocatalytically oxidized to high-value-added formic acid (FA); the design of the electrocatalyst is the key issue. However, the conventional catalyst suffers from high cost and single activity, thus obtaining high voltage for water splitting and low Faradaic efficiency (FE). Herein, a V-doped Ru/RuP4 Mott-Schottky (M-S) heterojunction is fabricated, and 10%V-Ru/RuP4 has the widest band gap and good sensitivity to the EG oxidative reaction (EGOR), thus showing outstanding electrocatalytic performances with a low EGOR voltage of 1.05 V at 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH + 0.3 M EG. Meanwhile, 10%V-Ru/RuP4 has a good hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance with a low HER potential of 119 mV at 10 mA cm-2. Furthermore, the EG is electrocatalytically oxidized to FA via a high FE of 93.9% at 1.5 V. This work provides a special M-S heterojunction for PET degrading and upcycling linked to hydrogen evolution.

Biomass waste upcycling has been always an eternal topic for environmental protection. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) derived from wasted crops can be oxidized as 2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) that is a high-valueadded chemical, but the electrocatalyst still remains unsolved. Herein, a metal-free electrocatalyst C42H26N12 NAR was synthesized and successfully converted HMF to FDCA through electrocatalytic HMF oxidative reaction (e-HMFOR), meanwhile reducing the overall water splitting voltage as only 1.24 V at 10 mA cm-2. Besides, the C42H26N12 NAR exhibits good stability in 1 M KOH + 0.1 M HMF. This study provides a facile strategy to design carbon-based electrocatalyst for e-HMFOR to generate FDCA.

Accurate and sensitive detection of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) plays a significant role in medical diagnosis and human health assessment. Herein, an electrochemical sensing platform for ultrasensitive determination of DA was constructed based on porous Co3O4 nanocubes anchored to three-dimensional Ti3C2 MXenereduced graphene oxide aerogel (Co3O4/3D MX-rGO). The 3D MX-rGO aerogel with a high specific surface prevents aggregation of Co3O4 nanocubes and exposes more active sites, resulting in excellent electrocatalytic activity and outstanding sensing properties. The electrochemical reaction kinetic was investigated in detail, a possible sensing mechanism was proposed, and the interaction mechanism between the composites and DA was revealed combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Under optimized experimental conditions, the sensor developed using Co3O4/3D MX-rGO modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) exhibited low detection limits (40 nM) in the range of 0.1-300 mu M for DA with good selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. The sensor has been successfully use to detect DA in human serum and urine samples with recoveries of 95.3 %-103.7 %, which has great potential for practical applications.

Environmental pollution and energy crisis are the most important problems all over the world. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely used and difficult-to-degrade plastic that can be decomposed into terephthalic acid (PTA) and ethylene glycol (EG), and the EG can be electrocatalytically oxidized to high-value-added formic acid (FA). However, the commercial RuO2 cannot support the EG oxidative reaction (EGOR) due to its strong absorption of intermediates and less exposed active sites, so the RuSb0.92O1.76 medium-entropy alloy oxide (MEAO) was constructed in this work. The RuSb0.92O1.76 fills up the O vacancy of RuO2 and repairs the instability of RuO2, and the lattice O in the RuSb0.92O1.76 promotes the EGOR by sacrificing itself to generate O vacancies. The RuSb0.92O1.76 shows a low EGOR potential of 1.13 V at 10 mA cm-2 , and a low hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) potential of 43 mV at 10 mA cm-2 . The RuSb0.92O1.76 shows a high Faradic efficiency (FE) of close to 100 % through the glycolaldehyde/GA pathway via the in situ ATR-IR spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) reveals that RuSb0.92O1.76 has a moderate adsorption capacity for intermediates in the EGOR. This work provides a potential avenue for the MEAO catalysts in electrocatalytic plastic upcycling coupling hydrogen energy. (c) 2025 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.