This study employs a bidirectional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) numerical simulation method to investigate the hemodynamic consequences of stent-induced geometrical changes at the origin of the vertebral artery. The stent itself is not explicitly modeled; instead, postoperative and virtually modified lumen geometries are used to represent the morphological outcomes of stenting. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography imaging data from a patient provided by the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine were utilized to construct personalized vertebral artery geometric models. Based on the postoperative model, virtual surgical scenarios were simulated by expanding the stented segment inward and outward by 0.2 mm, generating virtual postoperative vertebral artery geometric models. Hemodynamic parameters of four vertebral artery geometries were obtained and analyzed through bidirectional FSI numerical simulations, providing an in-depth exploration of the specific hemodynamic impacts of stent implantation at the vertebral artery origin. Although preliminary and based on a single patient, this study provides initial insights that may inform future research on optimizing vascular stent treatment strategies, particularly regarding the regulation of stent expansion rates.

Background and Objective: Carotid plaque instability and subsequent rupture are primary drivers of ischemic stroke, yet the precise hemodynamic mechanisms and their interaction with vascular geometry remain incompletely characterized. This study aims to bridge this gap by integrating patient-specific geometric reconstruction, high-fidelity CFD simulations, and multi-scale histopathological analysis to elucidate the biomechanical triggers of plaque vulnerability.Methods: The study cohort comprised sixty patients scheduled for carotid endarterectomy. Preoperative CTA data were utilized to reconstruct precise three-dimensional vascular models for patient-specific CFD simulations under physiological flow conditions. Advanced geometric quantification was performed for parameters including bifurcation angle, curvature radius, and vascular tortuosity. These indices were systematically correlated with hemodynamic metrics, specifically time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) and peak systolic wall shear stress (PeakWSS). Following surgery, excised plaque specimens underwent rigorous histopathological analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to quantify fibrous cap thinning and identify ultrastructural markers of cellular damage.Results: Quantitative analysis revealed that unstable plaques were independently associated with significantly larger bifurcation angles (51.4° ± 12.9° vs. 34.3° ± 13.2°, p < 0.001), greater tortuosity (0.28 ± 0.06 vs. 0.18 ± 0.07, p < 0.001), and smaller curvature radii (22.8 mm ± 5.8 mm vs. 30.2 mm ± 6.0 mm, p < 0.001). CFD analysis demonstrated that these pro-inflammatory geometric features exposed unstable lesions to significantly higher TAWSS (17.9 Pa ± 6.4 Pa vs. 10.1 Pa ± 4.3 Pa, p < 0.001) and markedly elevated PeakWSS (205.5 Pa ± 94.7 Pa vs. 112.5 Pa ± 50.0 Pa, p < 0.001) compared to stable lesions. Critically, spatial mapping confirmed that regions of geometry-induced high shear stress co-localized with sites of histopathological fibrous cap thinning and ultrastructural evidence of mitochondrial fragmentation, confirming a biomechanical pathway to tissue failure.Conclusions: This study demonstrates a robust mechanistic link between specific carotid geometry, locally elevated high-shear environments, and histological markers of plaque vulnerability. By integrating computational modeling with multi-scale validation, this framework provides a powerful tool for the non-invasive prediction of plaque rupture risk, offering a promising methodology for personalized clinical risk assessment and precision surgical planning.

Lung cancer exhibits profound clinical, radiological, and biological heterogeneity, which poses significant challenges for early recognition and timely diagnosis in select atypical cases. Among rare manifestations, massive bronchorrhea caused by EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma with radiological findings of a dominant pulmonary nodule and migratory ground-glass opacities (GGOs) remains extremely uncommon. A 67-year-old male patient presented with massive bronchorrhea and progressive dyspnea. Serial chest computed tomography (CT) scans revealed bilateral migratory GGOs and a small nodular lesion in the basal segment of the right lower lobe. Empiric antibiotic therapy and subsequent systemic corticosteroid treatment failed to alleviate his respiratory symptoms. Ultimately, markedly elevated sputum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, combined with pathological results from transbronchial biopsy of the right lung nodule, confirmed a diagnosis of EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. Treatment with osimertinib achieved rapid resolution of bronchorrhea, accompanied by complete regression of the pulmonary nodule and GGOs during clinical follow-up. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for lung adenocarcinoma in patients with persistent unexplained bronchorrhea. For patients harboring EGFR-sensitive mutations, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remain the first-line treatment, yielding favorable therapeutic effects on bronchorrhea control and improving survival outcomes.

We have developed a high-speed dual-modal imaging system (HDMI), designed to concurrently reveal anatomical and hematogenous details of the human breast within seconds. Through innovative system design and technical advancements, HDMI integrates large-view photoacoustic and ultrasonic computed tomography with standardized scanning and batch data processing for computer-aided diagnosis. It achieves dual-modal imaging at a 10-hertz frame rate and completes a whole-breast scan in 12 seconds, providing penetration up to 5 centimeters in vivo. In a clinical study involving 170 patients with 186 breast tumors, we developed a diagnostic model leveraging combined photoacoustic and ultrasound features. In a triple-blinded comparison using pathological diagnosis as the ground truth, HDMI significantly improved diagnostic specificity from 22.5 to 75.0% compared to clinical ultrasonography. This technology shows strong potential for early breast tumor diagnosis, offering enhanced accuracy without the need for ionizing radiation, exogenous contrast agents, pain, invasiveness, operator dependence, or extended examination times.

The carotid arteries (CAs) and vertebral arteries (VAs) are principal conduits for cerebral blood supply and are common sites for atherosclerotic plaque formation. To date, there has been extensive clinical and hemodynamic reporting on carotid arteries; however, studies focusing on the hemodynamic characteristics of the VA are notably scarce. This article presents a systematic analysis of the impact of VA diameter and the angle of divergence from the subclavian artery (SA) on hemodynamic properties, facilitated by the construction of an idealized VA geometric model. Research indicates that the increase in the diameter of the VA is associated with a corresponding increase in the complexity of the vortex structures at the bifurcation with the SA. When the VA diameter is constant, a 30 deg VA-SA angle yields better hemodynamic capacity than 45 deg and 60 deg angles, and the patterns of blood flow and helicity values are consistent across different angles. Elevated oscillatory shear index (OSI) zones are mainly at the origin of the VA, with an elliptical low OSI region within. As the diameter increases, the high OSI region spreads downstream. Increasing the bifurcation angle decreases OSI values in and below the elliptical low OSI region. These findings are valuable for studying the physiological and pathological mechanisms of VA atherosclerosis.

Banana wilt-like disease, triggered by Fusarium oxysporum, poses a severe threat to banana cultivation as a persistent soilborne pathogen. A strategy to effectively control this disease has yet to be found. Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) fungi have emerged as promising biocontrol agents, not only offering protection against plant pathogens but also enhancing plant growth. Herein, we isolated a novel DSEs species, Acidomelania saccharicola LZ3, from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) soil in Liuzhou, Guangxi Province, China. Its classification as a new species was confirmed through morphological characterization and DNA sequence analysis. A. saccharicola LZ3 promoted the growth of banana and inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum by 73.28% in a Petri dish assay, and reduced disease by 52.82% in pots. The average incidence rate of Banana-LZ3 symbionts transplanted into a field highly contaminated with F. oxysporum was 25.93% and the control effect was 53.27%. Inoculation of banana plants with A. saccharicola LZ3 significantly increased polyphenol oxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. This research lays the groundwork for future investigations into A. saccharicola and other DSEs, exploring their potential in sustainable plant disease management.

Internal carotid artery (CA) stenosis is a primary etiological factor for stroke and transient ischemic attack. The severity of arterial stenosis significantly impacts patient health and treatment decisions. Therefore, we conducted computational fluid dynamics analyses on five carotid arteries (CAs) of severe stenosis and compared them with five CAs in the control group. We improved the three-element Windkessel model method by pre-calculating the constant-pressure outlet simulation of the first cardiac cycle, which accelerated the stability of the model. The research results show that vortices were observed at the bifurcation of the CAs in the control group, whereas in the severe stenosis group, vortices predominantly occurred within the carotid sinus downstream of the stenotic segment. Notably, the vortex flow in the carotid aneurysm downstream of the stenotic segment arises due to the cross-sectional constriction induced by stenosis, which always flows in a clockwise direction and may contribute to the formation of aneurysms distal to the stenotic region. A high time-averaged wall shear stress value can effectively identify the stenosis site of CAs, while a high relative residence time value marks the protrusion near the stenosis segment. This study delved into the hemodynamic parameters between the CAs of the severe stenosis group and the control group and provided robust clinical evidence for carotid atherosclerotic disease.

Bacterial wilt of tomatoes, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a significant soilborne disease that often causes significant reductions in the yield of tomatoes. Dark septate endophytic fungi (DSE) represent potential biocontrol agents against plant pathogens that can also enhance plant growth. To collect DSE fungi with potential for biocontrol, the fungus Cladophialophora guangxiense HX2 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of sugarcane in Hengzhou Guangxi Province, China, and a novel species of Cladophialophora was identified based on morphological properties and DNA sequence analysis. C. guangxiense HX2 demonstrated a controlling effect of 76.7% on tomato bacterial wilt and promoted a 0.5-fold increase in tomato seedling height. It colonized tomato seedling roots, enhancing the activity of antioxidant and defensive enzyme systems. Transcriptomic and qPCR approaches were used to study the induction response of the strain HX2 infection by comparing the gene expression profiles. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment revealed that tomatoes can produce salicylic acid metabolism, ethylene-activated signaling, photosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis to the strain HX2 infection. The expression of IAA4 (3.5-fold change), ERF1 (3.5-fold change), and Hqt (1.5-fold change) was substantially enhanced and Hsc 70 (0.5-fold change) was significantly reduced in the treatment group. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further investigation into the potential of C. guangxiense HX2 as a biological agent for the prevention and control of tomato bacterial wilt.

In the current global health context, stroke has emerged as the third most prominent cause of mortality, following cardiovascular disease and neoplasms, substantially impacting human health.A primary etiological factor of stroke is carotid artery stenosis, which is predominantly caused by the build-up of atherosclerotic plaque [1].Furthermore, the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques are highly influenced by the hemodynamic environment in the carotid artery [2].However, the impact of an elevated heart rate on the hemodynamic milieu in carotid arteries of differing stenosis degrees, utilizing healthy carotid arteries as reference controls, has been seldom reported in the open literature.To address the research gap, digital twins of both healthy carotid arteries and those with varying degrees of stenosis were constructed in this work.Specifically, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations on carotid arteries exhibiting varying degrees of stenosis were conducted to procure hemodynamic results under various heart rates [3].The reduced order model (ROM) Builder Pre module was employed to export the simulation results as training files, encompassing solely grid node coordinates and individual hemodynamic parameters (e.g., velocity, pressure, and wall shear stress) [4,5].Subsequently, the Ansys Twin Builder module's reduced-order model derived a correlation between each grid node's hemodynamic parameters and the inlet boundary, thereby constructing a digital twin of the carotid artery.By modulating the inlet velocity of this digital twin, we obtained the distribution of hemodynamic parameters in the carotid artery in real-time response, thus enabling real-time visualization of flow field distribution under various heart rates.Contrasting with highorder models that employ Navier-Stokes equations to solve for carotid artery hemodynamic parameters in each scenario, the ROM necessitates only the training of hemodynamic results from typical previous scenarios.The present work is expected to shed light on the deleterious implications of an augmented heart rate during physical exercise in individuals afflicted with carotid artery stenosis.The advent of a digital twin is poised to significantly broaden the spectrum of heart rates encompassed in this research.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a refractory tumor, and therapeutic options are very limited. Local ablation has been applied recently. Chemokines play a critical role in the recruitment of immune cells into ablative tumors. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) shows potential anti-tumor efficacy, but the mechanism for maintaining the immune effect is not very clear. Here, we applied nsPEF for treating 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was applied. Anti-CXCL9 was used alone or combined with nsPEF to treat triple-negative breast cancer in mice. We demonstrated that nsPEF effectively induced cell apoptosis and inhibited the growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer. An immune effect, especially chemotaxis, was activated by nsPEF. The number of infiltrated CD8+ T cells was increased significantly. We found that the inhibition of residual breast cancer growth by nsPEF was dependent on the CXCL9 axis. In conclusion, our work demonstrated that nsPEF effectively ablated the tumor, aroused an immune response, and inhibited residual breast cancer growth via CXCL9 axis dependence in mice.

Comparing the hemodynamic parameters of thrombus-positive and thrombus-negative patients in the early stages of the disease (before thrombus formation occurs) can help predict atrial fibrillation-related thrombosis. However, most clinical images of thrombus-positive are of existing thrombus, and the presence of thrombi blurs the outline of the atrial appendage intima. Therefore, using the left atrial appendage (LAA) epicardial geometry for hemodynamic analysis has become a last resort. This study compares hemodynamic differences using the modeling contour of the inner and outer membranes of the LAA. The research results show the velocity and shear strain rate of the endocardial and epicardial geometries exhibit relative consistency. As for the parameters related to wall shear stress, the difference in time-averaged wall shear stress mainly occurs at the LAA entrance and does not affect the determination of thrombosis risk factors. The difference in the oscillatory shear index mainly occurs at the tip of LAA and the parts with larger curvature, which are seriously affected by geometry. The differences between endothelial cell activation potential (ECAP) and relative residence time (RRT) are concentrated at the tip of the LAA, but the maximum and minimum values are significantly different. After we exclude the top and bottom 5% of values, we believe that ECAP and RRT are reliable parameters. This investigation conducted both qualitative and quantitative assessments of the hemodynamic disparities between the endocardial and epicardial geometries. The findings offer valuable data reference for related research.

Breast cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in the world. About 6% of the patients are de novo stage Ⅳ breast cancer, which is incurable. Traditionally, the role of surgery has been confined to relieving symptoms, improving quality of life and reducing tumor load. Nowadays, a multidisciplinary team is a prerequisite for optimal management, and patients with oligometastatic lesion always live for a long time. R0 resection of the primary and metastatic foci can extend the time of progression-free survival (PFS), which may bring survival benefits. Therefore, whether to perform surgery has become a hot clinical issue. This article deeply discussed extensively the surgical value in de novo stage Ⅳ breast cancer patients.

本研究对广西香蕉主产区的香蕉根系样本进行内生真菌分离,采用形态学与ITS序列分析相结合的方法进行菌株鉴定,开展其物种组成与多样性分析,对了解广西香蕉与其根部内生真菌间的关系以及探索其内生真菌功能具有重要意义.从168个香蕉根段中共分离获得352株内生真菌,分别归属于5纲17目34科43属62个分类单元,不同分类单元的代表菌株中,有41株菌株能够产生分生孢子(66.13％).其中,优势纲为粪壳菌纲(Sordariomycetes)和散囊菌纲(Eurotiomycetes),相对频率(RF)分别为66.19％和20.45％;优势目为肉座菌目(Hypocreales)、散囊菌目(Eurotiales)和格孢腔菌目(Pleosporales),相对频率分别为55.4％、17.61％和9.66％;优势属为镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、青霉属(Penicillium)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、未鉴定属3、帚枝霉属(Sarocladium)、未鉴定属2、弯孢属(Curvularia)和突脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum),相对频率分别为32.39％、15.06％、13.35％、5.11％、3.98％、3.41％、3.13％和2.84％,后5个属的相对频率未超过10％,其优势不明显.多样性指数和均匀度系数结果表明,南宁地区坛洛镇TL2样地和锣圩镇LX样地的香蕉根系内生真菌种群多样性较丰富,群落分布较均匀.相似度系数分析显示,钦州地区大成镇2个样地(DC1、DC2)间香蕉根系内生真菌种群组成相似度最高(Cs=0.67).不同采样点的地理环境和气候条件给香蕉提供了不同的生境,是影响香蕉根系内生真菌种类组成及多样性差异的主要因素之一.

Dendrobium officinale (Orchidaceae) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Its growth is slow, however many dark septate endophytic fungi (DSEs) are considered useful to plant growth and as biocontrol agents against plant pathogens. The goals of this study were to identify a new DSE and evaluate its plant-growth promotion characteristics. Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence, a DSE fungal strain TK815 isolated from Dashiwei Tiankengs in Leye county Guangxi Province, China, was classified as a novel genus in the order Cheatothyriales, namely Tiankengomelania gen. nov. typified with T. guangxiense sp. nov. Tiankengomelania guangxiense TK815 can significantly promote the growth of D. officinale in stem length (11.25%), seedling height (16.97%), root length (10.34%), and dry weight (41.05%). This study discovered, described, and illustrated a new DSE fungus, and evaluated its biological function in contributing to the growth and production of the Chinese medicinal plant D. officinale.

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has become the standard treatment of a variety of aortic pathologies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of stent-graft introducer sheath during TEVAR. Three idealized representative diseased aortas were designed: aortic aneurysm, coarctation of the aorta, and aortic dissection. Computational fluid dynamics studies were performed in the above idealized aortic geometries. An introducer sheath routinely used in the clinic was virtually placed into diseased aortas. Comparative analysis was carried out to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of the introducer sheath. Results show that the blood flow to the supra-aortic branches would increase above 9% due to the obstruction of the introducer sheath. The region exposed to high endothelial cell activation potential (ECAP) expands in the scenarios of coarctation of the aorta and aortic dissection, which indicates that the probability of thrombus formation may increase during TEVAR. The pressure magnitude in peak systole shows an obvious rise, and a similar phenomenon is not observed in early diastole. The blood viscosity in the aortic arch and descending aorta is remarkably altered by the introducer sheath. The uneven viscosity distribution confirms the necessity of using non-Newtonian models, and high-viscosity region with high ECAP further promotes thrombosis. Our results highlight the hemodynamic effects of stent-graft introducer sheath during TEVAR, which may associate with perioperative complications.

Triple-negative breast cancer is a special type of breast cancer, characterized by younger onset age, shorter survival period, higher malignant degree, higher mortality, recurrence and metastasis. Triple-negative breast cancer is more harmful to women's life and health, compared with other types of breast cancer. This paper mainly studied the role of miR-585 in triple-negative breast cancer. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-585 in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines and tissues. Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox proportional hazards model analysis were used to investigate the prognostic value of miR-585 in triple-negative breast cancer. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to detect cell proliferation, invasion and migration. miR-585 was significantly down-regulated in triple-negative breast cancer cells and tissues. The low expression of miR-585 has been shown to be significantly associated with poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer patients. Abnormally low expression of miR-585 can promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Overall, abnormally low expression of miR-585 is associated with prognosis and progression of triple-negative breast cancer. miR-585 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for patients with triple-negative breast cancer and it is expected to be a new method and strategy for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) belongs to the β-herpes virus family and is one of the main causes of childhood infectious diseases.1 HCMV can cause neonatal and infantile hepatitis, with cholestasis hepatitis as the most common type. Many reports focused on the effects of HCMV strain on the biological properties of the virus, and how each of the clinical HCMV subtype affects the outcomes of HCMV infections.2,3 Two major genotypes for the glycoprotein H (gH) gene are present, which can be distinguished based on their variability at the cleavage site at the gH N-terminus.

Objective This study aimed to investigate characteristics of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein H (gH) genotypes in urine, throat swab, and serum from children and breast milk from children's mothers. Methods Fresh urine samples, throat swabs, or serum samples from children and breast milk samples from children's mothers were collected for HCMV DNA detection. The positive samples of HCMV DNA were further detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with gH typing. Results Of 1,703 HCMV DNA-positive samples, the highest proportion (83.3%, 85/102) of children aged between 21 days and 3 months was detected positive in breast milk samples (p = 0.002), and the highest proportion (70.5%, 110/156) of children aged above 3 months was detected positive in throat swab samples (p = 0.002). HCMV in throat swab specimens is mainly high copy (p < 0.0001), and low-copy HCMV is prevalent in breast specimens (p< 0.0001). Among them, 1,059 samples were identified as gH1 genotype, 530 samples were gH2, and 114 samples were coinfection (gH1/2). There had the highest gH2 rates (32.3%) and lowest gH1 (61.0%) rates in urine samples (p = 0.041), whereas the highest gH1 rates (71.6%) and lowest gH2 rates (19.6%) were found in breast milk samples (p = 0.032). Concerning age groups, patients aged between 21 days and 3 months had the highest gH1 proportion (p = 0.017), while patients aged above 3 months had the highest gH1 and gH2 HCMV coinfection proportion (p = 0.002). Among 43 pairs of maternal and child samples corresponding to positive samples, gH genotype of 35 pairs of samples was consistent with a rate of 81.4%. Conclusion gH1 is the predominant genotype of HCMV in each kind of sample in China. However, the distribution of the HCMV gH genotype is different among different samples.

With the maturation and advances of image-guided puncture biopsy technology, the proportion of open breast biopsy has gradually decreased. Ultrasound-guided biopsy is convenient in practice and supports real-time visualization. In order to standardize the practice of ultrasoundguided breast and regional lymph node biopsy, and provide a reference for Chinese breast surgeons, based on the version of Consensus statements and operation guidelines on breast lesions and lymph nodes biopsy guided by ultrasound (2019), the Chinese Society of Breast Surgery (CSBrS) has re-evaluated the quality of the evidence of relevant clinical studies referring to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) handbook and considered domestic medical condition to develop the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Ultrasound-guided Breast Lesions and Lymph Nodes Biopsy: CSBrS Practice Guidelines 2021.