WO3 is one of the most potential photocatalysts. However, to realize its photocatalytic hydrogen production, modification such as combining with WS2 is necessary due to its poor reduction capacity. To find out the optimal ratio between WO3 and WS2, in this paper, a facile two-step calcination method was used for the preparation of a series of WO3-WS2 composites, and their photocatalytic hydrogen performances were investigated under Erythrosine B sodium salt (EB) sensitization. The results showed that when the mass ratio of WS2 to WO3 is 5:5 or higher, efficient hydrogen evolution comes true. In addition, the calcination condition for the preparation of precursor WO3 and the method for the preparation of WO3-WS2 composite were optimized. The as-prepared WO3-WS2 exhibits relatively good stability and relatively stable hydrogen generation was achieved when CdS was introduced.

Two novel Ru(II)-phenanthroline derivatives complexes, Ru-1 and Ru-2, were synthesized and characterized. The key distinction between Ru-1 and Ru-2 lies in their ligands: L1 (2-hydroxy-5-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl) benzoic acid) and L2 (2-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)benzoic acid). In L1, the –OH group is located in the para-position, while in L2, it resides in the ortho-position. Subsequently, Pt/TiO2 and Ru-1/Pt/TiO2 (and Ru-2/Pt/TiO2) composites were prepared using photo-deposition and impregnation methods, respectively. The Ru-1/Pt/TiO2 and Ru-2/Pt/TiO2 composites were thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fluorescence spectroscopy (FL), cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments, and other relevant techniques. Photocatalytic hydrogen production systems were established by employing Ru-1/Pt-TiO2 and Ru-2/Pt-TiO2 as photocatalysts and ascorbic acid (H2A) as a sacrificial reagent. The results demonstrated that the maximum hydrogen production reached 1461 μmol (Ru-1/Pt/TiO2) and 843 μmol (Ru-2/Pt/TiO2) under optimized conditions with 20 mg of composite photocatalyst, 0.3 mol L–1 of H2A, and pH 4, within 4 h of irradiation (λ > 420 nm). Correspondingly, the photocatalytic hydrogen production rates were 18 267 and 10 523 μmol g–1 h–1, respectively. Mechanism studies revealed that electrons flow from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of Ru-1 to the conduction band (CB) of TiO2, subsequently combining with H+ on the surface of the Pt metal nanoparticles to generate hydrogen gas. The holes on the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the photosensitizer are oxidized by H2A, thereby regenerating the activity of the composite catalyst by restoring the photosensitizer.

MoS2 and WS2 are two promising candidates for photocatalytic hydrogen production, and pyrolysis is one of the conventional and useful methods for their preparations. However, systematic investigations about the influences of pyrolysis conditions on their photocatalytic hydrogen production performances are still unreported. Then in this paper, a series of pyrolysis products of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATM) and ammonium tetrathiotungstate (ATT) were prepared by changing the pyrolysis temperature and time. Besides, detailed characterizations were conducted to find out the changes in composition, crystallinity, and morphology. Especially, to get optimal pyrolysis conditions for the preparation of high-performance MoS2 and WS2, their photocatalytic hydrogen production activities were investigated. The results showed that although along with the changes in pyrolysis conditions, the overall changes in composition, crystallinity and morphology are similar for ATM and ATT products, there are significant differences in their performances. For the pyrolysis of ATM, the products obtained under lower temperatures exhibit relatively higher activity than those obtained under higher temperatures. The performance of sample ATM-400-1 (the pyrolysis product obtained under 400 degrees C 1 h) is the highest and those of two ATM-600 samples (obtained under 600 degrees C 1 h and 600 degrees C 2 h) are the lowest. On the contrary, for the pyrolysis of ATT, the higher-temperature products possess much higher performance than the lower-temperature ones. The activity of ATT-400-2 is the highest and those of two ATT-250 samples are the lowest. On the other hand, unconventional crystallized WS3 was unexpectedly obtained through the pyrolysis of ATT at 300 degrees C for the first time. This work can offer useful information for the preparation of WS2 and MoS2based photocatalysts.

Photocatalytic water splitting of water for hydrogen evolution is one of the effective methods to obtain clean hydrogen energy. In the present work, the following materials were synthesized: two nickel quinoxaline thiolate complexes [NBu4](2) [Ni(qdt)(2)] (1, Bu = n-butyl, qdt = quinoxaline-dithiol), [NBu4](2) [Ni(qdt)(2)(NO2)(2)] (2) and water-soluble MPA-CdSe quantum dots (MPA-CdSe QDs, MPA = 3-mercaptopropionic acid). Subsequently, an efficient three-component photocatalytic hybrid system for hydrogen evolution was developed and tested under visible light irradiation, in which one of the target complex 1 or 2 was used as the catalyst, triethylamine (TEA) was used as the sacrificial electron donor, and MPA-CdSe QDs were used as the light harvesting reagent. The turnover numbers (TON) for H-2 evolution of 8974 (vs. complex 1) and 6532 (vs. complex 2) were obtained under the optimal conditions with TEA concentration of 5 %, pH = 12, and concentration of complex 1 or 2 of 1 x 10(-5) mol L-1 after 13 h of irradiation (lambda > 420 nm) in pure water. The mechanism investigation indicated that critical steps of hydrogen production was formation of hydride intermediates Ni(II)-H and Ni(I)-H spices, followed by the reaction of two Ni(II)-H or Ni(I)-H species with protons generating H-2 molecules and regenerating the catalyst Ni(II).

合成并表征了两个新的具有"开放型蝶形"结构的[2Fe2S]化合物A和B;并以A和B为催化剂、藻红B钠盐(EBS2-)为光敏剂、三乙胺(TEA)为电子给体和质子源,构建了一个均相光催化产氢体系.结果表明:体系在pH为 12,体积比为 1:1的CH3CN/H2O溶液中,产氢活性最高,经 4 h可见光照射,最大产氢量分别为 156.1 μmol(37.9 TON vs.A)和 18.4 μmol(TON 4.6 vs.B);催化剂中含有质子捕获位点,有利于形成产氢活性中间体H2-Fe2S2(η2-H2-FeⅡFeⅠ)物种,从而提高催化剂的产氢活性.在当前的体系中,还原态的 FeⅠFe0 物种通过1* EBS2-转移到FeⅠFeⅠ中心上,然后再经历一个EECC(化合物A)或ECEC(化合物B),形成产氢活性中间体H2-Fe2S2(η2-H2-FeⅡFeⅠ)物种,最终产生H2 分子,并使FeⅠFeⅠ 物种再生.

A MoS2/soluble g-C3N4/CdS ternary composite was synthesized, the hydrogen production rate reached 8116 μmol g−1 h−1. The electron transfer pathway represented either a double or single type II heterojunction photocatalytic system.

Correction for ‘A facile synthesis of a MoS 2 /soluble g-C 3 N 4 /CdS ternary composite for high efficiency photocatalytic hydrogen production’ by Hui-Qin Zheng et al. , New J. Chem. , 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3nj03888b.

Two new [2Fe2S] compounds 1 and 2 containing the bridging ligand 6, 8-lipoic acid methyl ester（pdte） were synthesized, and their structures were characterized by IR, ~1HNMR, 31 PNMR（compound 2）, elemental analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction（compound 1）, etc. A three-component photo-catalytic hydrogen production system was constructed, in which compounds 1 or 2 was used as the photo-catalyst, EY 2- as the photo-sensitizer, TEA as the electron donor and proton source, respectively. The results showed that the maximum hydrogen production was 106.5 μmol（TON 13.3 vs.1） and 136.2 μmol（TON 17 vs.2）, with corresponding hydrogen production rates 7 607 μmol·g -1 ·h -1 and 6 595.6 μmol·g -1 ·h -1 , respectively, under the optimal hydrogen production conditions of V（CH 3 CN）/V（H 2 O）=1/1, pH=11, and visible light（λ＞420 nm） irradiation for 3.5 h. Probing into the mechanism of hydrogen production, it was shown that the deactivation of the system was mainly due to the photo-degradation of the photo-sensitizer EY 2- and the catalyst in the photo-catalytic process. Photogenerated electrons can be transferred from 1* EY 2- or EY 3- · to the Fe Ⅰ Fe Ⅰ center via two pathways to form the important intermediate Fe Ⅰ Fe~0 species in the present system. Furthermore, the important hydrogen-producing active intermediates HFe Ⅱ Fe Ⅰ species and（η~2-H 2 ） Fe Ⅱ -Fe Ⅰ species were formed by further protonation, finally releasing H 2 and regenerating Fe Ⅰ Fe Ⅰ species. The result implicated that the title catalyst（especially 2） was a potential molecular catalyst for photo-catalytic hydrogen production.

以Fe(CO)5和含一个巯基的配体为原料,通过多步反应合成了两个新的[FeFe]氢化酶模拟物1和2;构建了以化合物1和2为光催化剂、藻红B钠盐(EBS2-)为光敏剂、三乙胺(TEA)为电子给体和质子源的三组分光催化产氢体系,该体系在pH值为12且体积比为1:1的CH3CN/H2O溶液中,经可见光(λ＞420 nm)照射4 h,最大产氢量为205.0 μmol,相对于化合物2的催化转化数(TON)为51.4;研究表明,配体中含有较多的质子捕获位点,有利于形成产氢活性中间体H2-2Fe2S(η2-H2-FeⅡFeⅠ)物种,从而提高催化剂的产氢活性,光生电子从1*EBS2-化合物1和2的第一个电子的转移均为热力学可行过程,到化合物1和2的第二个电子转移是热力学不可行过程.

Facile preparation of efficient photocatalysts is one of the challenges to realizing the practical application of photocatalysis technology. In this paper, binary composite WO3-WS2 and ternary composite WO3-WS2-MoS2 were easily prepared through simple one-step acidification-thermal decomposition (abbreviated as AT) of ammonium tetrathiotungstate (ATT) and ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATM) just using the inevitable for-mation of WO3 during the acidification of ATT. Especially, their photocatalytic hydrogen production perfor-mances were determined and the reasons for their activity differences were investigated systematically based on XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS characterizations. The results showed that on the whole, these two composites possess better performance than both pure MoS2 and WS2, as well as our previously reported WO3-WS2 (1637.8 & mu;mol h-1 g-1). Besides, the average hydrogen evolution rate of WO3-WS2 (5998.6 & mu;mol h-1 g-1) is higher than that of WO3-WS2-MoS2 (4907.2 & mu;mol h-1 g-1). Moreover, for the ternary composites, when the content of W and Mo is close, the change in W to Mo ratio has no obvious impact on the hydrogen production performance. Finally, a performance comparison of different preparation methods manifests that the one-step AT method is the simplest and most effective. This work can offer useful guidance for the preparation and photocatalytic application of both WS2 and MoS2-based composites.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, MoS2 and WS2 have been widely considered as promising materials for photocatalytic hydrogen production. However, compared with the widely investigated MoS2, researches on WS2 are much less. Besides, for the synthesis of WS2, methods suitable for large-scale preparation are still rare. Then in this paper, a facile method for the preparation of WS2 was developed based on the liquid -phase precipitation-calcination method reported previously. In specific, thiourea was introduced in the calcination process to realize the in-situ conversion of impurity WO3 to WS2. As a result, WS2 was successfully prepared. More interestingly, a series of photo -catalysts with different compositions and performances were easily obtained only through changing the thiourea amount. When no thiourea was used, a WS2/WO3 heterostructure was constructed, while when excessive thiourea was introduced, an efficient WS2/g-C3N4 heterostructure (g-C3N4 = graphitic carbon nitride) was fabricated. Moreover, their hydrogen production performances were investigated with Erythrosine B (ErB) and trie-thanolamine (TEOA) as photosensitizer and sacrificial agent, respectively. The results showed that the as-obtained WS2 has a comparable H2-evolving activity (1686.3 mmol h-1 g-1) to the WS2/WO3 (1637.8 mmol h-1 g-1), and the WS2/g-C3N4 owns the highest performance (2428.7 mmol h-1 g-1). This work provides a facile and feasible route for the preparation of efficient WS2-based photocatalysts.(c) 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cubic CdS prepared with a Cd : S ratio of 5 : 8 and an aging time of 6 h exhibits excellent activity and phase stability.

CdS and MoS 2 are both promising photocatalytic materials for hydrogen production and lots of MoS 2 /CdS composites have been investigated. However, most of the previous work focused on relatively stable hexagonal CdS; researches on cubic CdS are still rare mainly due to its unstability. Then in this paper, a ternary composite MoS 2 /CN/CdS composed of cubic CdS, MoS 2 and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 , abbreviated as CN) was prepared by simple in situ precipitation of cubic CdS on MoS 2 /CN at room temperature. Based on a series of characterizations, the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of MoS 2 /CN/CdS was studied. The results showed that when the amount of MoS 2 /CN was 10 wt.%, the activity reached 1253.2 [Formula: see text]mol h[Formula: see text], about 110 times that of pure CdS. Especially, its stability was investigated in detail by cyclic hydrogen production tests, which indicated that although the activity decreased after the first cycle, it was stable in the following three cycles mainly due to the existence of CN. Namely, a relatively stable and high performance cubic CdS-based ternary composite was achieved. This research can provide some new insights into the design of cubic CdS-based photocatalysts.

CdS is a promising photocatalyst and combining MoS2 with CdS can realize efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production. However, most of the previous researches about MoS2/CdS composites focus on hexagonal CdS. Studies on cubic CdS are still rare due to its unstability. Thus in this paper, a ternary composite CdS-MoS2/C (abbreviated as CdS-MC, M = MoS2, C = activated carbon) was synthesized by facile in-situ liquid phase precipitation of cubic CdS on MoS2/C. Based on a series of characterizations, its photocatalytic hydrogen production performance was studied. Under the irradiation of a LED lamp, a high H-2 evolution activity of 879.6 mu mol h(-1) was achieved for the composite CdS-10%MC, which is 23.3 times that of pure CdS. In addition, its performance is much higher than that of the hexagonal CdS-MC sample (265.6 mu mol/h) obtained by heat-treatment of CdS-MC at 400 degrees C for 1 h under N-2 atmosphere. What's more, the stability of CdS-MC was investigated and the possible reasons for its unstability were analyzed in detail. To improve the stability, a method of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) modification was also managed. Finally, possible mechanism for the photocatalytic hydrogen production of CdS-MC was proposed. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

本文以线状石墨相氮化碳(Lg-CN)为原料,在无需强酸加入的情况下,利用简单的纯水中的水热反应成功制得了氮化碳量子点(CN QDs),并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱等对所得量子点的形貌和结构进行了表征,进而解释了量子点的形成机理;利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱对其光学性质进行了研究.结果 发现,所制备的CN QDs具有良好的光学性能,其荧光光谱不仅与激发波长有关,荧光发射位置和强度还受溶液pH的影响,在pH为7时,荧光强度最大.此外,Fe"对CN QDs的荧光具有良好的猝灭效果,可用于Fe3+的选择性测定.该工作为CN QDs的制备提供了一种新的方法,既可避免繁琐的操作,也可避免强酸等的使用带来的危害.

MoS 2 /g-C 3 N 4 (g-C 3 N 4 [Formula: see text] graphitic carbon nitride) composite is considered as a promising photocatalyst for hydrogen production, while the preparation method still needs to be improved. Herein for the first time, nanosized MoS 3 and melamine were used as starting materials and a facile one-pot calcination method was successfully applied for the synthesis of MoS 2 /g-C 3 N 4 . The physical and photophysical properties of the as-prepared MoS 2 /g-C 3 N 4 were characterized by XRD, IR, SEM, TEM and XPS techniques. Sensitized by Erythrosin B (EB), the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of MoS 2 /g-C 3 N 4 was investigated and the amount of MoS 2 was optimized. An excellent H 2 production activity of 1091.2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] was achieved for 43% MoS 2 /g-C 3 N 4 , which is about 330 times that of pure g-C 3 N 4 (3.3[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. In addition, its performance was compared with those of three other MoS 2 /g-C 3 N 4 samples prepared by conventional methods and a possible mechanism of H 2 production was proposed based on the photoluminescence and photoelectrochemical results.

MoS2 is a promising catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction, whereas the inherent defects of limited active sites for H-2 evolution and poor conductivity impede its practical application. Herein, low-cost and available activated carbon (denoted as C) was introduced and MoS2/C composite was prepared via a facile one-pot liquid-phased reaction. The MoS2/C exhibits an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity (872.3 mu mol/h) sensitized by Erythrosin B under LED light irradiation, which is about 1.8 times that of pure MoS2. Moreover, hydrogen evolution mechanism and reasons for the enhanced performance of MoS2/C were proposed based on the results of photoluminescence spectra and photoelectrochemical tests.

The specific surface area and composition are found to be the key factors influencing the photocatalytic performance of MoS2+x.

CdS is one of the most well-known photocatalysts for hydrogen production, while proper cocatalyst is indispensable to realize high hydrogen production performance. In this work, a three-component composite MoS2-NiS/CdS with dual cocatalysts was synthesized by a relatively facile and environmentally friendly three-step hydrothermal method and characterized by series of techniques. The as-prepared MoS2-NiS/CdS possesses good photostability and excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production performance. Under visible light irradiation of a 300 W Xe lamp (lambda >= 420 nm), the H-2 production rate reached a high value of 2525.2 mu mol h(-1) and the total amount of H-2 evolved in 22 h achieved 40.5 mmol, further confirming that the photocatalysts with dual reduction cocatalysts possess higher photocatalytic performance than those with single cocatalyst. Especially, first study about the effect of pH of lactic acid aqueous solution on hydrogen production activity was carried out and the results indicated that increasing the pH from 1.5 to 3.0 leads to an obvious increase in H-2-evolving activity. More importantly, an attempt on the photocatalytic hydrogen production under the irradiation of a 30 W LED lamp demonstrated that the H-2 evolved was also up to 32.1 mmol in 48 h, showing the feasibility of using cheap and long lifetime LED lamp as light source for photocatalytic hydrogen production of CdS-based photocatalysts.

为提高微生物电解池(MEC)利用氢发酵废水产氢速率,以丁酸为底物在微生物燃料电池(MFC)中驯化富集阳极产电微生物,采用单室双阳极MEC处理玉米秸秆的氢发酵废水,通过对关键过程参数的优化,实现氢发酵废水高效产氢.结果 表明,当外加电压为0.8V时,产氢速率和玉米秸秆氢发酵废水中COD的去除率分别达到(5.31±0.13) m3·(m3·d)-1和(58±2)％.其中,乙酸、丁酸、丙酸、乙醇的去除率分别达到(95±2)％、(76.2±0.8)％、(93±3)％、(98±1)％.与单室单阳极MEC相比,单室双阳极MEC利用玉米秸秆氢发酵废水进行深度产氢的速率提高了1.22倍.此外,MEC生物阳极驯化方式对MEC利用玉米秸秆氢发酵废水产氢具有重要影响.与利用乙酸为底物驯化富集的生物阳极相比,以丁酸为底物驯化富集的生物阳极去除COD的能力和MEC产氢速率都有提高.