The epiphyseal plates of cartilage of ulna and radius is responsible for bone elongation, the fusion of their distal ends and bodies is used for age estimation. Variation exists due to many factors including ethnicity; accordingly, it is important to create a national profile for age determination using an affordable easy method. The aim of the work was to follow up the ossification of the lower end of the radius and the ulna in the Egyptian population between 12-19 years using X-ray, validating the use of Greulich and Pyle atlas. 197 subjects (103 males and 94 females) aged between 12-19 years were included. Skeletal age was determined using a plain X-ray on the lower end of the radius and the ulna comparing it to Greulich and Pyle’s atlas, and also to chronological age. In males, the mean of chronological age, skeletal age, and the difference between them were 15.35, 15.53 and +0.18 years respectively. In females, the ages were 14.77, 14.92 and +0.15. There was high correlation in all age groups. Examination of the lower end of the radius and the ulna is a suitable method for age detection in Egyptians between the ages of 12-19 years old.

Introduction: Recently, imidazooxazines have attracted more attention due to their therapeutic potential against tuberculosis (TB). The present study aimed to identify and develop potential inhibitors against Pks13-TE to combat the antimicrobial drug resistance of TB. Methods: Computer-aided drug design is a more highly valued technology than the traditional drug discovery approach. Herein, we computationally investigated a chemical dataset using QSAR models and virtually screened novel leads of imidazooxazines against the thioesterase domain, further subjecting them to molecular docking and dynamics simulation. Results: The present study identified two molecules, 1 and 3, promising leads with minimum energy conformations of -7.63 and -7.62 kcal, respectively, providing structural insight into Pks13 inhibition. The average values of MolSA, SASA, and PSA for molecules 1 and 3 were 382.41 & Aring;, 77.65 & Aring;, and 195.54 & Aring; and 386.24 & Aring;, 71.105 & Aring;, and 184.46 & Aring;, respectively. In conclusion, our research has demonstrated that imidazoxazines are promising leads to combat the resistance problem of TB. Among the two potent molecules 1 and 3, molecule 1 displayed favourable interactions in the active site with good stability, as confirmed by the RMSD, RMSF, RoG, H-bond, and SASA analyses. The Molecule 1 protein complex showed two strong hydrogen bonds, effectively maintained for 80-85 % of the simulation time, indicating its stability and potency. Conclusion: The identified two molecules and their conformations were highly stable; hence, these findings provide valuable insight into the evolution of new therapeutic agents to address the growing problem of TB and its resistance.

Personal immunity frolicked an essential role in combating COVID-19 impacts on human health individually and collectively in community. Literature represented the fact about food or nutritional supplements are certified to protect against diseases; this was the reason behind public trust on certain plants and other commercial products to boost up immunity against coronavirus disease. Present study was conducted to observe the attitude of common public towards natural herbs in treating various diseases and to assess the possible potential of herbal medication in prevention of negative impacts of different variants of COVID-19 on human health at herbal clinic named "Pakistan Matab". Results concluded that most of the patients (About 80%) avoided COVID-19 testing even on experiencing major symptoms and they preferred herbal medication. Patients who died by COVID-19 were also experiencing different diseases like liver and Kideny malfunctioning; old age was another significant factor in this case. About 90% of patients were COVID symptomatic and 10% were carrying other diseases during observational study period at herbal clinic. Study represented that patients who visited clinic, have a faith on herbal medication with about 60% of patients in favor of vaccine and allopathic medication in combination with herbal treatment. Study investigated that vaccine was only for one type of variant and use of herbal medicines could be better option to boost up immunity against various COVID variants.

The first defense line of the battle, healthcare workers (HCWs), faces a significant challenge in managing the current COVID-19 pandemic. An online electronic survey was sent to HCWs via email and social media networks. Socio-demographic data and work environment-related variables were assessed. Consequences of burnout (BO) were reported, e.g., elicited medical errors. Maslach burnout inventory was used to diagnose BO. Two hundred and eighty-four participants were included with a mean age of 39.83 & PLUSMN; 7.34 years, 70.8% worked in the COVID-19 frontline, 91.9% were followed daily updates about COVID-19, 63.7% were not satisfied with the coordination between triage and isolation, 64.4% got COVID-19 infection, 91.9% had a colleague or family member developed COVID-19 infection, and 21.5% experienced a colleague /a family member died due to COVID-19. Multivariate analysis by linear regres-sion revealed that; working as a frontline HCW (OR 1.28, CI = 0.14-2.55) and sleep deprivation (OR 3.93, CI = 1.88-8.22) were the predictors of burnout.& COPY; 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Background:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological disease affecting women in the reproductive age. Non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) can promote many aspects of pancreatic dysfunction. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of NAFPD and to identify its association with clinical and biochemical parameters in PCOS patients.Methods:The present study included 150 patients with PCOS and 150 age-matched healthy controls. All patients were submitted to careful history taking and thorough clinical examination. Performed laboratory investigations included fasting and postprandial blood glucose, lipid profile, liver function tests, serum prolactin and total testosterone. Fatty pancreas was diagnosed using abdominal ultrasound.Results:Among PCOS women, NAFPD was diagnosed in 57 women (38.0%) in contrast to 18 women (12.0%) in the control group (p < 0.001). Patients with NAFPD were significantly older [median (IQR): 38.0 (35.0-43.0) versus 29.0 (25.5-33.0) years, p = 0.001] with higher BMI [median (IQR): 31.5 (29.1-34.7) versus 30.4 (28.6-32.4) kg/m2, 0.042]. Moreover, they had significantly higher frequency of metabolic syndrome (84.2% versus 54.8%, p = 0.001), insulin resistance (68.4% versus 26.9%, p < 0.001) and severe NAFLD (22.8% versus 2.2%, p < 0.001). NAFPD patients had significantly lower sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) [median (IQR): 36.0 (30.8-40.7) versus 38.1 (35.15-42.7), p = 0.002] and significantly higher free androgen index (FAI) [median (IQR): 4.08 (3.3-4.92) versus 3.47 (3.12-4.05), p < 0.001].Conclusion:NAFPD is prevalent PCOS. It is related to metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hyperandrogenism.

Marked-carbohydrate deprivation diets are commonly used for weight loss based on the belief that carbohydrates cause weight gain. This work aimed to study the effect of marked carbohydrate deprivation (for two months) on the body weight, body mass index, protein, fat metabolism and insulin and leptin levels, and to clarify the mechanism by which marked carbohydrate deprivation can cause reduction of body weight and to clear possible side effects for this type of food regimen used increasingly to reduce weight. Twenty obese male albino rats were included in this study. All rats were chosen obese and were fed for one month each on 150 grams normal chow containing high carbohydrates, proteins and fats to make this content their normal daily intake and assure obesity Rats were divided into two groups. The first group was the control group. It contained ten rats, and they were fed on (half the daily regular intake) 75 grams normal chow containing carbohydrates, proteins and fats for two months. The second group contained ten rats and they were fed on 150 grams of food containing proteins and fats with minimal carbohydrates for two months. Rat groups were weighed and body mass index was calculated at the beginning and end of the study. Insulin, leptin levels and pH of blood were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Change in values in weight, BMI, pH of blood, insulin, and leptin levels were compared at the beginning of the study and at its end. Rate of change for all parameters in group two was compared to that of group one. There were significant decrease in weight, and BMI, in both groups at end of the study compared to the results obtained at the beginning. The rate of change decreased more significantly for the previously mentioned parameters in group two compared to group one. There were significant increase in insulin level in group one at end of the study compared to its level at the beginning of the study. While there were significant decrease in the insulin level in group two at end of the study compared to the level recorded at the beginning. There were significant decrease in the rate of change for the insulin in group two compared to that for group one at end of the study. Non-significant change in the pH at the end of the study was recorded in both groups compared to the results obtained at the beginning, The rate of change for pH in group two showed significant decrease compared to that of group one at end of the study. Leptin level showed non-significant decrease at the end of the study in group one compared to the results at the beginning. While it showed significant increase in group two at end of the study compared to the results obtained at the beginning. There was significant increase in the rate of change for leptin in group two compared to that in group one at end of the study.