Polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane demonstrates considerable potential for application in electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR), owing to its exceptional physicochemical properties. However, the PBI is limited by its intrinsic low ionic conductivity. Grafting is an effective method for enhancing microphase separation and ionic conductivity for PBI membrane. Here, a series of piperidinium-functional OPBI membranes (OPBI-n-Pip, n = 2, 6, 10) were designed and prepared using the "rigid-flexible" collaborative strategy. The backbone of OPBI-n-Pip polymer effectively suppress membrane swelling, while flexible piperidinium cations side chains offer dimensional stability and ionic conductivity. Furthermore, the ion transport and stability mechanism of OPBI-n-Pip membranes are revealed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Notably, OPBI-6-Pip membrane exhibited best performance such as low area resistance (0.16 Omega cm2, at 20 degrees C), limited swelling ratio (25.0 %) and robust alkaline stability in 1 M KOH (91.6 % retention after 1440 h, at 30 degrees C). In ECR systems, the OPBI-6-Pip membrane demonstrated high CO faraday efficiency (FEco) of 93.6 % at 100 mA cm-2. This work provides good guidance for the practical implementation of PBI in electrochemical energy systems.

Membrane contactor-based absorption is a promising technology for post-combustion CO2 capture. However, its practical implementation is constrained by multiple factors, including the absorption and desorption performance of the solvent, the matching of gas and liquid flow rates, and long-term stability during operation. In particular, optimizing absorbent-membrane compatibility and systematically controlling process conditions continue to pose major challenges. To overcome these challenges, this study employs polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow fiber membrane contactors (HFMCs) coupled with aqueous dual-functional ionic liquids (aqueous DFILs) to systematically evaluate the factors influencing CO2 absorption-desorption performance and elucidate the associated mechanisms. Long-term operation identified [TETAH][Im] as the most effective aqueous DFIL, achieving a maximum CO2 loading of 1.58 mol & sdot;mol- 1. Subsequently, the effects of key operational parameterssolvent concentration, absorption temperature, gas flow rate, and liquid flow rate-on absorption performance were systematically examined, and the optimal operating conditions were determined. In desorption experiments, the effects of desorption temperature, N2 flow rate, and solvent flow rate on regeneration efficiency and desorption flux were systematically investigated. Finally, 13C NMR spectroscopy was employed to elucidate the reaction mechanism, revealing that CO2 reacts with both [TETAH]+ and [Im]- to form carbamate species and delineating the corresponding reaction pathways, while confirming the reversible nature of the absorptiondesorption process. The study demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the HFMC-aqueous DFILs coupling strategy for CO2 capture, providing a technical basis for the development of efficient and high-performance carbon capture technologies.

The discharge of oily wastewater and industrial wastewater poses serious threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health, highlighting the urgent need for advanced antifouling membranes capable of efficient oil-in-water emulsion separation. Unlike conventional surface coating or single-component modification strategies, herein, we report a facile strategy to transform hydrophobic PVDF membranes into superhydrophilic ones with hierarchically gradient pores. This approach distinctively exploits mussel-inspired L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (LDOPA), rather than dopamine, in combination with polyethyleneimine (PEI) co-deposition and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanostructuring, forming a highly stable, multifunctional hydrophilic network that anchors CNTs while synergistically regulating pore size, pore distribution, and surface wettability. As a result, the average pore size decreased from 0.4075 mu m to 0.2883 mu m, enhancing selective permeability. The optimized L-DOPA/PEI/CNTs/ PVDF membrane exhibited an ultrahigh pure water flux of 5367.9 L m- 2 h- 1 bar- 1 and achieved over 99 % rejection of diverse surfactant-stabilized emulsions. Moreover, the membrane demonstrated excellent antifouling, consistently maintaining >= 98 % oil rejection over seven cycles, attributed to the formation of a compact hydration layer. By integrating bio-inspired adhesion chemistry with nanostructured pore-gradient engineering,this study provides a scalable and environmentally relevant route for fabricating high-performance separation membranes, offering strong potential for sustainable oily wastewater treatment and resource recovery applications.

Membrane contactors (MC) absorption technology holds great potential for CO2 capture and separation owing to its high mass-transfer efficiency and modular design. However, membrane wetting during operation can lead to a significant decline in mass flux and absorption efficiency, while its occurrence is often latent and difficult to monitor in real time. In this study, a real-time monitoring method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was developed and validated to quantify the dynamic process of membrane wetting in MC systems for CO2 capture. The correlation between EIS signals and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images confirmed the effectiveness and sensitivity of EIS for early-stage wetting detection. Furthermore, the influence of different absorbents - including ethanolamine (MEA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and ammonia solution - on the wetting behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes was systematically investigated. The results revealed that organic amine solutions induced gradual wetting through interfacial adsorption, whereas inorganic alkaline solutions caused abrupt wetting due to chemical corrosion. In addition, the effect of amine molecular structure on the wetting kinetics was elucidated, showing that an increase in alkyl chain length accelerates the wetting process. This study provides a novel and effective approach for real-time monitoring and mechanistic understanding of membrane wetting, offering valuable insights for the rational design of absorbents and the optimization of membrane contactor operation.

Specific anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are vital to highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) which is a perspective choice for the carbon neutrality. However, the unexpected trade-off effect originated from the ion conductivity and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is still a great challenge. Herein, AEMs with hydrophobic clusters distribution in hydrophilic domain were designed and prepared by special ternary-polymerization polybenzimidazole (TP-PBI). The hydrophilic domain contributed to high ionic conductivity and dispersed hydrophobic clusters inhibited the membrane swelling and consequently the HER. As a result, an increase of 157% was achieved in ionic conductivity compared with that of OPBI and the prepared TP-PBI membranes exhibit CO faraday efficiency (FEco) as high as 96.2%, outstanding in situ durability for 24 h at 100 mA·cm-2. Such TP-PBI membranes throw new light on the development of AEMs for highly efficient ECR.

As a major greenhouse gas pollutant, NOx requires urgent and effective control measures to achieve carbon neutrality. However, whether doped, defect-modified, or of the heterojunction type, most TiO2-based photocatalysts are limited by challenges such as slow mass transfer and the production of harmful NO2. Herein, a TiO2/ Al2O3 photocatalytic membrane was fabricated by the in situ growth of TiO2 nanorod arrays on hollow Al2O3 ceramic substrates, integrating photocatalytic NO oxidation with membrane-assisted water vapor transport. By controlling the H+ concentration, hydrothermal reaction time, and titanium precursor concentration, the morphology and density of TiO2 nanorods were optimized to balance photocatalytic active sites with membrane pore preservation. Under water-vapor-assisted conditions, the optimized 0.002 M TiO2/Al2O3 membrane achieved 42.3% NO removal at an inlet NO concentration of 300 ppm, corresponding to a removal of 126.9 ppm NO, while gas-phase NO2 generation was suppressed to approximately 5%. Product analysis further indicated that nitrate was the predominant nitrogen-containing oxidation product detected under humid conditions. The enhanced performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of TiO2 nanorod arrays and the porous Al2O3 membrane, which improves surface accessibility, facilitates the water-vapor-assisted formation of surface hydroxyl and & sdot;OH-related oxidative species, and promotes the transmembrane migration of oxidation products. This study presents a membrane-integrated photocatalytic strategy for NO oxidation under SO2-free simulated post-desulfurization flue gas conditions and provides valuable guidance for designing photocatalytic membranes for low-temperature gas purification.

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are one of the core components of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in green hydrogen production and carbon dioxide conversion, influencing the overall performance and durability of the electrolyzer. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop AEMs with high hydroxide ion conductivity (OH-) conductivity, low gas permeability and high stability. In this paper, polybenzimidazole (PBI) and zirconia (ZrO2) composite membranes with loosened chain packing were prepared by pre-swelling and pre-evaporation. The prepared g-OPBI/ZrO2-3 % composite membrane had lower area resistance (0.16 Omega center dot cm2, 80 degrees C), higher OH- conductivity (105.70 mS center dot cm-1 ), and excellent long-term stability. Next, the g-OPBI/ZrO2-3 % composite membrane was applied both in the anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) and electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) system. The result demonstrated remarkable alkali stability in AEMWE system, maintaining stability for 1000 h (h) at room temperature. Meanwhile, it also demonstrated notable Faradaic efficiency for CO remaining above 90 % and exhibited stable chemical performance over 46 h in CO2RR. This work provides guidance for the development of viable PBI-type AEMs for new energy filed.

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are significant contributors to environmental challenges, such as acid rain, and pose serious health risks. Existing removal technologies, including Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR), are limited by high energy requirements and secondary pollution. A low-temperature photocatalytic oxidation coupled with membrane absorption method for NO removal was introduced in this study. NH2-UiO-66-TiO2/Al2O3 composite photocatalytic membranes were synthesized via in-situ growth, achieving a NO degradation rate of 41.93% under UV irradiation, which was 1.36 times higher than that of TiO2/Al2O3 photocatalytic membranes. After being reused five times, the NO degradation rate remained at 38.44%, demonstrating excellent stability. The physicochemical properties of the photocatalytic membrane were characterized and analyzed, demonstrating that the improved efficiency was attributed to heterojunction formation, which enhanced charge separation. The use of a 5.00% H2O2 solution as the absorbent increased the NO conversion rate by 15.65%, with no NO2 formation. This approach offers an efficient and sustainable strategy for NO removal.

Biphasic absorbents based on amino-functionalized ionic liquids (AFILs) are a promising strategy for CO2 capture from post-combustion flue gases, contributing to carbon neutrality and clean production. However, AFIL synthesis requires significant solvent and energy consumption, challenging the atom economy of carbon capture processes. In this study, we introduce a deep eutectic solvent (DES) [1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene][ethylene glycol] (DBN-EG), prepared by simple mixing, as a substitute for AFILs. Combined with the organic solvent polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (NHD), this nonaqueous biphasic absorbent achieved 100 % atom economy. By optimizing the absorbent composition and temperature, the experimental results demonstrated that the optimal absorption capacity reached 2.84 mol center dot kg- 1, maintaining 2.53 mol center dot kg- 1 at 323 K. The absorption product was highly concentrated in the rich phase, which accounted for only 47.6 % of the total volume. The reaction and phase change mechanisms were further elucidated, revealing that hydrogen bond-induced electron transfer is the predominant mechanism responsible for facilitating the reaction. Hydrogen bonds can also induce phase change at the same time. The DBN-EG/NHD exhibited excellent recyclability, with a low regeneration energy consumption of only 1.663 GJ center dot t- 1, representing a 58.3 % reduction compared with 30 wt% monoethanolamine aqueous solution. This study not only explored the properties of DBN-EG as a DES but also successfully constructed the first DES-based biphasic absorbent without ionic liquids, offering a novel approach for designing carbon capture biphasic solvents.

The membrane contact absorption method is a promising technology for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, enhancing absorption efficiency and mitigating aerosol emissions. However, membrane wetting, an inevitable issue during the membrane contact absorption process, leads to a rapid decline in absorption rates, thereby limiting the development of this methodology. Focusing on the tendency of organic absorbents to induce membrane wetting, this study reports a novel modification method for amphiphobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. This method leverages polydopamine nanoparticles (PDANPs) to construct stable multi-level reentrant structures on the membrane surface, which are further enhanced for their hydrophobic properties through surface fluorination. The resultant amphiphobic membrane exhibits exceptional resistance to both water and organic wetting, with a water contact angle as high as 152.82 degrees and contact angles above 90 degrees for various organic absorbents. Long-term experiments demonstrate that the membrane material prepared by this method facilitates the stable and long-running operation of membrane contactors. Based on these findings, we analyze the structure-property relationship between the membrane surface microstructure and its amphiphobic performance. In conclusion, the fluorinated polydopamine hierarchical structure effectively resists membrane wetting induced by CO2 absorbents, contributing to the promotion and application of CO2 membrane absorption technology.

Polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes have attracted considerable attention in the energy sector for their outstanding performance. Nevertheless, their development is often restricted by low ionic conductivity. Coordinating metal ions (Fe3+) with PBI can expand the spacing between polymer chains, creating nano-scale ion channels that enhance OH- transport within the membranes. In this study, we fabricated mPBI@Fe coordination membranes using the solution casting method. By varying the iron content, the ionic conductivity of these membranes was regulated. The findings revealed that the conductivity of OH- in these membranes was approximately 61.81 % higher than that of the original mPBI membranes, and they demonstrated excellent mechanical and thermal stability. Furthermore, compared to the commercial FAA-3-50 membrane, the mPBI@Fe-0.5 membrane demonstrates higher carbon monoxide (CO) fraction current density at a voltage of 3.0 V in the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA). Notably, at 50 mA cm-2, the Faraday efficiency (FECO) of the mPBI@Fe-0.5 membrane electrodes remained above 95 %. Even after 870 min of electrolysis at 100 mA cm-2, the FECO decreased by only 1.57 %. These findings suggest promising prospects for advancing high-performance PBIbased membranes in electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction applications.

Because of its low thermodynamic voltage, the electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is an effective way to replace the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and address the issue of urea-rich water pollution. Herein, we have synthesized MoSe2-NiWSe2 with spherical nanoflower structure consisting of MoSe2 nanosheets and NiWSe2 nanosheets crisscrossed longitudinally and transversely. The results show that the prepared MoSe2-NiWSe2 has a significant competitive advantage in the UOR and OER. With 10 mA cm(-2), a mere 200 mV overpotential was required, indicating high OER catalytic activity. MoSe2-NiWSe2-driven UOR might operate at a comparatively low potential of 1.36 V (10 mA cm(-2)). The overpotential did not significantly alter after 40 h of continuous operation, suggesting it possesses high UOR stability. A built-in electric field that aids in controlling the adsorption and oriented distribution of urea molecules and thus promotes the oxidative properties of water and urea forms at the interface of MoSe2 and NiWSe2, where the difference in electronegativity between the elements Mo and Ni induces self-driven charge transfer and interfacial coupling effects. This work offers a method for creating catalysts that produce more oxygen and clean up urea-rich water contamination.

In order to achieve efficient CO2 capture, a novel biphasic solvent based on diethylenetriamine serine ionic liquid/polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether/water ([DETA][SER]/NHD/H2O) was developed. This study achieved low viscosity by weakening the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions within the pure ionic liquid (IL) by adding NHD and H2O to [DETA][SER]. Additionally, due to the low polarity and fewer hydrogen bonds formed by NHD, it is separated. The formation of a tight hydrogen bond network in the rich-phase after the reaction enables the enrichment of the product. Based on this, the optimal mass ratio of [DETA][SER]/NHD/H2O is determined to be 20 wt%/40 wt%/40 wt%. The viscosity of this solvent is 7.82 mPa center dot s, with a total absorption load of 1.26 mol center dot mol 1 IL, where the rich-phase load accounts for 99 % of the total load and occupies only 37 % of the volume. The mechanism of CO2 capture was investigated using 13C NMR, revealing the formation of zwitterions from the reaction of the primary amines on [DETA]+ and [SER] with CO2. Subsequently, proton transfer and hydrolysis of the carbamate esters were observed. Notably, NHD was found to promote phase separation without participating in chemical reactions. These findings demonstrate the potential of this biphasic solvent system as a high-capacity solution for CO2 capture.

The membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs) electrolyzers are the most attractive systems for the electrolytic conversion of CO 2 into commodity chemicals and fuels at commercially relevant current densities. Suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is vital to the highly efficient electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR). However, little attention has been paid to the HER. Herein, polybenzimidazole (PBI) Janus membranes with significant hydrophobic/hydrophilic asymmetric surface wettability were constructed for regulating the HER in CO 2 RR. The HER was modulated by adjusting the microstructure and surface hydrophobicity of the membrane as well as the CO 2 feeding method. The p-PBI-HCF MEA showed a significant suppression of HER and a 6-fold improvement in CO selectivity over p-PBI MEA. The p-PBI-HCF exhibited superior CO 2 RR performance in MEA compared to commercial membranes (FAA-3-50 and Nafion115). At 2.0 - 3.0 V, the CO Faraday efficiency (FE CO ) of the p-PBI-HCF MEA electrolyzer remained above 92%. The optimal energy efficiency range was between 2.0 and 2.4 V when the FE CO was close to 100%. The p-PBI-HCF provided 92% FE CO and a current density of 225 mA cm -2 at 3 V. This work provides guidelines for the development of viable PBI membranes and MEAs for CO 2 RR.

To break through the " trade -off " effect of biphasic solvents between rich-phase viscosity and CO 2 loading, we synthesized a novel ionic liquid (diethylenetriamine-3-hydroxypyridine, [DETA][3HPyr]) with multiple active sites and combined it with the organic solvent diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (DGME) and water to prepare a biphasic solvent for CO 2 absorption, the best absorption condition was optimized. The results demonstrated that after absorption, the solvent transformed from homogeneous to biphasic with highly self-concentrated absorption products in the rich phase. The volume of the rich phase accounted for only 36.3 % of the total solvent, while its viscosity decreased significantly to 28.1 mPa & sdot; s, with a high blend absorption capacity of 2.67 mol & sdot; kg - 1 . The species of absorption product and absorption mechanism was investigated using 13 C NMR. The stable presence of carbamic acid in the system was confirmed, contributing to enhanced absorption capacity. Density functional theory calculations revealed that DGME stabilized carbamic acid through intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions, and highly polar ions generated during absorption and uneven charge distribution between ions dominated the phase -change process and increased the water content in the rich phase. Thermodynamic energy barrier calculation showed that the solvent effect of DGME reduced the Gibbs free energy barriers of proton transfer and facilitated reaction progress. 3IL4D3H exhibited excellent cyclic performance with low regeneration energy consumption at 1.77 GJ & sdot; t - 1 . This is the first work to revealing the intrinsic dynamics of carbamic acid formation, and provides a new perspective for the phase -change mechanism of ionic liquid-based biphasic solvent.

Urea -containing wastewater has become an increasingly serious environmental and energy problem. The use of electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) technology to treat wastewater containing urea has gained considerable significance. The regulation of the composition and electronic properties of the catalyst by doping transition metal elements is crucial for the development of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and UOR catalysts with high catalytic activity. In this paper, WSe2, CoSe2, NiWSe2 and CoSe2/NiWSe2 were synthesized by hydrothermal method combined with annealing treatment. Compared with WSe2, CoSe2, and NiWSe2, the OER and UOR catalytic activity of CoSe2/NiWSe2 are significantly improved. For OER, a low overpotential of 1.44 V is all that is needed to reach a current density of 10 mA cm -2. The overpotential of UOR is only 1.32 @ 10 mA cm -2, and it can still maintain excellent electrochemical stability after 30 h. The electronic structure of CoSe2/NiWSe2 is changed by the incorporation of Co, thereby improving the conductivity and accelerating the reaction kinetics. CoSe2 particles are uniformly distributed on the layered NiWSe2 nanosheets, which promotes the charge transfer and synergistic effect at the interface between CoSe2 and NiWSe2. The nanoflower-like structure with thin edges enriches the active sites of CoSe2/NiWSe2. Therefore, the transition metal element doping technology can provide a new method for the development of efficient OER and UOR electrocatalysts and provide a new way to reduce the overall energy consumption during urea degradation.

To reduce the energy consumption for solvent regeneration and mitigate the corrosiveness of saturated solvents, dual-functionalized ionic liquid (IL) [DMAPA][TZ] was synthesized as a primary absorbent, and mixed with a phase separation accelerator poly (ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (NHD) or propylene carbonate (PC) as biphasic solvents, to achieve high efficiency, energy savings, and corrosion inhibition of post-combustion CO2 2 capture. The results demonstrated a transition from a homogeneous solvent to a biphasic system upon CO2 2 absorption, with the majority of CO2 2 being concentrated in the rich phase, which is related to the formation of hydrogen bonds. Molecular dynamics analysis showed that interaction between the IL and PC is significantly stronger than that with NHD, resulting in a reduced absorption capacity of IL-PC relative to IL-NHD, while NHD effectively suppressed the formation of HCO3-/CO32-. At 3- /CO 3 2- . At 373 K, both solvents exhibited efficient regeneration of their respective rich phases within 10 min. The calculated absorption enthalpies for IL-NHD and IL-PC are remarkably low at 0.662 and 0.772 GJ center dot t- center dot t- 1 , respectively, and the regeneration energy consumption of IL-NHD was lower to 1.387 GJ center dot t- center dot t- 1 . Notably, the phase separation accelerator exerts a significant influence on the phase-transition behavior and absorption products of biphasic solvents. Furthermore, ILs effectively inhibited corrosion through the adsorption-passivation mechanism; specifically, the corrosion rate of the CO2-rich 2-rich phase in IL-NHD relative to 20# carbon steel was only 0.1896 mpy, which is only 1/865 of the rate of the saturated 5 M MEA solution.

The anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) is an anaerobic bioreactor that uses baffles to separate the working area into multiple reaction zones. The ABR-microbial fuel cell (MFC) reactor was constructed by embedding MFC in each reaction zone of the ABR. Its degradation of azo dye type (acid mordant red) wastewater and microbial power generation performance were investigated. For different electrode area ratios, the best enhanced treatment and electrical energy output of the coupled system was achieved with an anode/cathode area ratio of 1:1. Compared with the electrode area ratio of 2:1 and 1:2, the power density increased by 82.5% and 80.6%, and the Coulomb efficiency increased by 133.3% and 64.7%. In addition, the best enhanced treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater was achieved by ABR-MFC at 1:1. At a dye concentration of 200 mg/L and a sucrose concentration of 1000 mg/L, the coupled system obtained a COD removal of 92.85% and a chromaticity removal of 96.2%, which achieved a relative COD and chromaticity removal improvement of 1.82% and 2.64%, respectively, relative to the ABR. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of the electrodes at 1:1 revealed that more microorganisms were attached to the anode surface of the coupled system, the particle size of the granular sludge within the system was larger, and the UV scanning pattern showed lower dye concentration in the water. In conclusion, the microbial fuel cell enhanced anaerobic treatment of dyeing wastewater was the most effective when the electrode area ratio was 1:1, and the best electrical energy output was obtained at the same time. ABR-MFC provides a new idea for the enhanced treatment of dyeing wastewater and electrical energy production.

Membrane distillation has been widely used for effluent purification as a promising desalination technology, however, severe inorganic and organic fouling has typically hindered its practical large-scale application. In this study, we developed a facile strategy for fabricating an amphiphobic polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) membrane with a slippery surface. First, a bioinspired adhesive based on a polydopamine (PDA) layer is deposited on the membrane surface as an intermediate layer, providing an active anchor for nanoparticles (NPs). Subsequently, micro/nano SiO2 particles were in-situ grown on the membrane surface using the sol-gel method to construct the re-entrant structure, which was then fluorinated with 17-chain fluorosilane (17-FAS). The intermediate layer inspired by dopamine polymerization significantly improved the stability of SiO2 Nanoparticles. The amphiphobic membrane has a unique multi-level micro/nano re-entrant structure that provides a robust repellent ability against contaminants. The resultant amphiphobic membrane exhibited contact angles of 164o against water and 113o against oil, as well as a low sliding angle of 4.3o, demonstrating excellent water and organic matter repellency. Although the initial flux of the amphiphobic membrane is lower than that of the pristine membrane. The amphiphobic membrane exhibited comprehensive anti-fouling and anti-wetting properties with steady flux and significant salt rejection in the desalination process when CaSO4 and HA were added to the brine feed. This suggests that the modified amphiphobic membrane has a promising potential for long-term direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) practical application.