Ligularia virgaurea and Ligularia sagitta are two species of poisonous plants with strong invasiveness in natural grasslands in China that have caused considerable harm to animal husbandry and the ecological environment. However, little is known about their suitable habitats and the key environmental factors affecting their distribution. Although some studies have reported the distributions of poisonous plants on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) and predicted their potential distributions at local scales in some regions under climate change, there have been few studies on the widespread distributions of L. virgaurea and L. sagitta . In this study, we recorded 276 and 118 occurrence points of L. virgaurea and L. sagitta on the QTP using GPS, and then used the MaxEnt model to predict the distribution of suitable habitats. Results showed that (1) under current climate conditions, L. virgaurea and L. sagitta are mainly distributed in southern Gansu, eastern Qinghai, northwestern Sichuan, eastern Tibet, and southwestern Yunnan, accounting for approximately 34.9% and 39.8% of the total area of the QTP, respectively; (2) the main environmental variables affecting the distribution of suitable habitats for L. virgaurea and L. sagitta are the Human Footprint Index (52.8%, 42.2%), elevation (11%, 4.4%), soil total nitrogen (18.9%, 4.2%), and precipitation seasonality (5.1%, 7.3%); and (3) in the future, in the 2050s and 2070s, the area of habitat of intermediate suitability for L. virgaurea will spread considerably in northwest Sichuan, while that of high suitability for L. sagitta will spread to eastern Tibet and western Sichuan.

In order to explore the individual horizontal and spatial distribution patterns of plateau zokor under different disturbance intensities and their impact on plant species richness and underground biomass， the typical distribution area of plateau zokor in the alpine meadow in the eastern Qilian Mountains was selected. The proportion of plaques represents the population size of zokors. The study area was divided into four disturbance gradients， the characteristics of the plaques and plant communities in each disturbance area were manually investigated， and the spatial pattern index of the plaques was obtained by interpreting the UAV images. One-way analysis of variance and all subsets regression methods were used for analysis. The results showed that the average radius， height， volume， area， edge length， number， and plant species richness of mound patches increased significantly with the increase of disturbance intensity （P＜0.05）; the Euclidean neighbor distance and underground biomass of mound patches Significantly decreased with the increase of interference intensity （P＜0.05）; but the shape （SHAPE） and aggregation index （AI） of mound plaques did not change with the increase of interference intensity; correlation analysis showed that the area and the Euclidean neighbor distance （ENN） of mound plaques were significantly negative Correlation （P＜0.01）; significantly positively correlated with mound average height （H）， mound plaque edge length （TE）， mound plaque shape （SHAPE） and mound plaque number （NP） （P＜0.05）. The study showed that the patch area and aggregation properties of mounds indicated the spatial pattern variation of mound patches and explained the variation of species richness and belowground biomass of grassland plants.

Soils contain a remarkable diversity of organisms that are important regulators of ecosystem functions. However, the knowledge of how the environment shapes biodiversity patterns below ground remains limited in alpine areas of the Tibetan Plateau. Here, we conducted a microhabitat scale study (400 m2 plot) integrating data on soil and plant community characteristics to explore the driving forces of functional diversity of soil microbial and macroinvertebrate communities under disturbance by plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi), a subterranean rodent inhabiting the Tibetan Plateau. The results show that plateau zokor disturbance led to a decline in the below -ground biomass of grasses, whereupon the total belowground plant biomass and soil organic carbon decreased significantly. The functional diversity of soil microbial and macroinvertebrate communities was significantly increased under plateau zokor disturbance. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil moisture, temperature and compaction, in combination with plant species richness and belowground biomass of forb were the most important factors in driving soil microbial and macroinvertebrate functional diversity. Piecewise structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that plateau zokor mound disturbance had positive effects on the functional diversity of soil microbial and macroinvertebrate communities by regulating soil physical properties (moisture, temperature, and compaction) and plant species richness within the habitat. Further, zokor disturbance affected the functional diversity of soil microbial and macroinvertebrate communities indirectly via regulating soil organic carbon. Our study provides evidence that the functional diversity of microbes is more driven by envi-ronmental changes than those of macroinvertebrates.

The Kobresia pasture in the Tibetan Plateau, as the world's largest and most unique pastoral alpine ecosystem, is undergoing severe degradation, visible in the formation of bare patches. Characteristics of bare patches in Kobresia pastures are regarded as indicators of the fragmentation and degradation of the alpine landscapes. Here, we used unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)-based low-elevation remote sensing to monitor 72 study sites in the eastern Tibetan Plateau for identifying the spatial patterns of bare patches of Kobresia pasture degradation on regional scale. We conducted field surveys of species composition, quantified fragmentation caused by bare patches using four landscape indices (patch area, total edge length, shape index and splitting index, representing the patch area, length of the edge, shape, and dispersion of the bare patches, respectively), then modeled the response of plant species richness and productivity at the scale of 50 × 50 m to the Kobresia pasture fragmentation process. Our results indicated that species richness and biomass production decreased significantly with each increasing bare patch index. The total edge length of bare patches increased the spatial turnover of plant species. Although bare patch area significantly decreased the species richness of plant communities, it led to a decrease in forb richness and an increase in grass richness along the degradation of Kobresia pastures. Bare patch areas, as the most easily accessible and highly accurate parameter by UAV-based low-elevation remote sensing, significantly related to the decrease in species richness and productivity, and mainly explained the changes in functional group composition. For assessing the ecological integrity of grassland functionality (plant species diversity and above-ground productivity), bare patch area can be used as an important indicator of Kobresia pasture degradation.

The plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is a keystone species in the alpine rangeland ecosystem on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). However, it has been considered a pest because these mammals dig holes and make bare patches, which reduces grassland productivity. Accordingly, there is a trade-off required between biodiversity conservation and pest management. Habitat assessment is one of the critical approaches in small mammal management and protection. Although a few papers have reported the distribution of plateau pika and predicted its potential distribution under climate change at local scales in some areas, little is known about the synergistic effect of climate change and human disturbance on the wider distribution of this mammal on the QTP. In this study, we recorded 219 points of plateau pika presence on the QTP via Global Positioning System and used the Maxent model to predict potential suitable habitats. The results indicated that, under the current climate, the potential distribution of plateau pika is mainly located in southern Gansu Province, eastern Qinghai Province, and northwestern Sichuan Province, accounting for 4.44% of the total area of the QTP. The most important factors in defining habitat suitability and limiting the distribution of plateau pika include normalized difference vegetation index (29.1%), human footprint (21.6%), seasonal precipitation (11.2%), and elevation (7.8%). In the future, in the 2030s and 2050s, the total area of suitable habitat on the QTP is projected to decrease, while the habitable region in northwest Sichuan and eastern Qinghai will likely increase.

In this study, six experimental zones（Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, and Ⅵ） were set according to the diameter of bald patches from small to large in typical rodent-infested bald patches in Maqu County, Gansu Province, with no bald patch zone as the control（CK）. Plant community characteristics, soil seed bank, and soil physicochemical properties were investigated in different bald patches. The effects of environmental factors on plant characteristics were analyzed using the constraint ranking method method. The results showed that the plant coverage, height and biomass in different bald patches were lower than CK. Except for bald patch Ⅰ, the seeds of the bald patch soil were mainly distributed in the 0～2 cm soil layer（P＜0.01）, where the seed densities of zones Ⅱ and Ⅵ were higher. The maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, capillary porosity and total porosity of the soil in the bald patches were lower than those in CK（P＜0.05）. The partial redundancy analysis revealed that soil organic matter, soil temperature, and average infiltration rate significantly influenced plant commuhity characteristics（P＜0.01）. In conclusion, the average plant height decreased with increasing bald patch area. The bald patch soil lacked conditions for seed germination and growth but not seeds, in which soil organic matter, soil temperature, and average infiltration rate were the primary parameters.

Acoustic communication plays a vital role in passing or sharing information between individuals. Identifying the biological meaning of vocal signals is crucial in understanding the survival strategies of animals. However, there are many challenges in identifying the true meaning of such signals. The plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is a call-producing mammal endemic to the Qinghai–Tibet plateau (QTP) and considered a keystone species owing to its multiple benefits in alpine rangeland ecosystems. Previous studies have shown that plateau pikas emit alarm calls as part of their daily activities. However, only field observations have been used to identify these alarm calls of the plateau pika, with no attempts at using playback experiments. Here, we report the alarm calling of plateau pikas through field observations as well as simulated predator and playback experiments in the Eastern QTP from 2021 to 2022. We found that both female and male adults emitted alarm calls, the signals of which comprised only one syllable, with a duration of 0.1–0.3 s. There were no differences in the characteristics between the observed alarm calls and those made in response to the simulated predator. The duration of the alarm call response varied with altitude, with plateau pikas living at higher altitudes responding at shorter durations than those at lower altitudes.

The morphological and histological traits of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) enable the animal to perform some specific functions that enhance the species’ adaptability to environments. The plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi) is a subterranean rodent that mainly forages on plant roots in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but little is known about the mechanism by which the plateau zokor digests roots that have high fiber contents. In this study, we used comparative anatomy methods to compare the morphological and histological traits of the GIT of both the plateau zokor and the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), a small, fossorial lagomorph that forages aboveground plant parts, in order to clarify the traits of the plateau zokor’s GIT and to understand its adaptations to high-fiber foods. The results showed that the foods which plateau zokors eat have a higher fiber content than those which the plateau pikas eat. The plateau zokor has a double-chambered and hemi-glandular stomach (the tubular glands are only in the gastric corpus II, and the gastric fundus is keratinized), whereas the plateau pika has a simple, wholly glandular stomach. The gross morphological indicators (organ index and relative length) of the GIT were significantly lower in the plateau zokor than they were in the plateau pika (p < 0.001). However, the thickness of the gastric corpus II mucosal layer and the gastric fundus muscle layer are significantly higher in the plateau zokor than they are in the plateau pika (p < 0.001), and the thickness of each layer of intestinal tissue is higher in the plateau zokor than it is in the plateau pika. Additionally, the small intestinal villi also are higher and wider in the plateau zokor than they are in the plateau pika. Our results suggest that instead of adapting to digest the high-fiber diet by expanding the size of the GIT, the plateau zokor has evolved a complex stomach and a well-developed gastrointestinal histological structure, and that these specialized GIT structures are consistent with an optimal energy-economy evolutionary adaptation strategy.

Habitat heterogeneity is expected to change community composition and diversity, with large implications for ecosystem processes and function. Understanding the potential mechanisms of habitat heterogeneity affecting community ecological processes is a central issue in biodiversity conservation. In this study, we use a spatial metrics analysis to quantify the spatial pattern of plateau zokor mounds. We integrated soil physicochemical variables and community characteristic data to understand the disturbance effect of plateau zokor mounds on community diversity at a microhabitat scale (400 m2). Results showed that plant species richness increased significantly with increasing disturbance levels. Increases in forb species were largely the reason for the increased plant diversity in the alpine meadow disturbed by plateau zokor mounds. Disturbance caused by the plateau zokor significantly increased the soil macroinvertebrate richness and abundance, with herbivorous taxa playing a key role. Mantel tests and redundancy analysis showed that the composition of plant and soil macroinvertebrate communities are significantly related to soil moisture and soil temperature, and the SEM model revealing soil moisture and soil temperature positive effects on plant and macroinvertebrate richness after plateau zokor disturbance. Furthermore, soil variables (moisture, temperature, and organic carbon) directly affected plant richness, and indirectly affected soil macroinvertebrate communities. Our results suggest that the spatial pattern of plateau zokor mounds facilitate greater biodiversity through increased habitat complexity and heterogeneity. Therefore, it can be regarded as a "key species" in the alpine grassland and researchers should pay more attention to the ecological effects of alpine rodent disturbance on grassland ecosystems.

基于最大熵(MaxEnt)模型,利用实地调查和文献数据共170个瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)分布点和10个变量进行建模,明晰限制瑞香狼毒分布的主要生态因子,并预测了当前及未来4种气候情景(RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP7.0、RCP8.5)下2021～2040年、2041～2060年、2061～2080年、2081～2100年瑞香狼毒在青藏高原的潜在分布及变化趋势.结果表明:(1)限制瑞香狼毒生长分布的主要生态因子分别为:海拔(Altitude)、最干季降水量(Bio17)、温度年较差(Bio7)、最冷月最低温度(Bio6)、平均气温日较差(Bio2),其累计贡献率达到94.2％.(2)当前气候下瑞香狼毒在青藏高原潜在分布面积达137.06×104km2,约占青藏高原面积的37.34％,主要集中分布于甘肃省南部、青海省东部、四川省西北部、云南省西北部、西藏自治区中部、新疆维吾尔自治区西南部等地.(3)在未来4种气候情景下,在2021～2080年,青藏高原瑞香狼毒的高适宜生境、适宜生境和低适宜生境分布面积均呈减少趋势,不适宜生境分布面积均呈增加趋势;在2081～2100年,高适宜生境和适宜生境分布面积均呈增加趋势,低适宜生境和不适宜生境分布面积均呈减少趋势.综上所述,明确天然草地有毒植物在景观尺度上的潜在分布及其对气候变化的响应,对毒草危害预警和防控具有重要指导意义.

毒草种类识别是开展毒草危害面积调查、危害程度评估以及科学防治的前提.研发快速、高效和适用于大范围的毒草种类识别技术对于退化草地生态修复具有重要意义.本研究利用SOC710VP近红外高光谱成像仪,获取了高寒草甸11种主要毒草的光谱数据.采用Savitzky-Golay平滑处理、导数变换、归一化变换、均值中心化和对数变换等方式对高光谱数据进行预处理,利用主成分分析(PCA)方法对预处理数据进行降维处理后,分别用随机森林(RF)、支持向量机-径向核函数(SVM-RBF)、K临近算法(Knn)、朴素贝叶斯(NB)、决策树(DT)等算法对降维后光谱数据进行分类预测,以混淆矩阵总体精度为检验标准,筛选可用于高寒草甸主要毒草的近红外高光谱数据识别算法.结果表明:1)6种数学变换处理中,对数变换后样本光谱反射值差异最大;2)对数变换、平滑处理、均值中心化变换经PCA降维后PC1和PC2累计方差贡献率>85％;3)5种分类算法中,SVM-RBF算法分类精度最高,分类精度达到99.35％;4)使用前8个主成分分类时,分类精度SVM-RBF>RF>NB>Knn>DT.

Plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi) is a native subterranean rodent living in alpine rangeland on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The zokors excavate soil in their tunnels and push it out to form the zokor mound, which is secondary bare land on the ground. In the alpine rangeland ecosystem, the bare lands emit greenhouse gases and reduce carbon sequestration. However, little is known about the greenhouse gas emissions from the zokor mounds with bare soil. In this study, we used a gas analyzer in situ combined with a closed static chamber to monitor the emissions of CO2 and CH4 from new mounds, seminew mounds, old mounds, and the pasture without mounds. The biomass bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in the 0- to 20-cm soil layer of the mounds and the pasture without mounds were simultaneously investigated. To explore the source of the CO2 and CH4 emissions, we compared the differences of CO2 and CH4 flux in the zokors’ active tunnels, tunnel-free soil, and mound-free pasture. The results showed that 1) the highest flux of CO2 and CH4 emissions in the same month was from new mounds, followed by seminew mounds, old mounds, and the pasture without mounds; 2) CO2 and CH4 emissions from the different mounds in 4 mo were significantly influenced by months and mound types, although there was no significant interaction between these factors; and 3) the flux of CO2 and CH4 emissions from the zokor mounds were significantly positively correlated with their total biomass of microbes and the flux of CO2 and CH4 inside the zokor active tunnels. The CO2 and CH4 inside the zokor active tunnels had more contributions to CO2 and CH4 emissions from the zokor mounds than the soil microbes’ biomass in the mounds.

选择青藏高原东缘玛曲县高寒草甸栖息的高原鼠兔,以有效洞口数代表其干扰强度,选择3个干扰强度样地并连续3年调查了植物群落的变化.应用双因素方差分析、物种累积曲线和冗余分析研究了高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸植物不同物种、功能群和生活型的影响.结果表明:(1)随着高原鼠兔干扰强度和年份的增加,群落物种累积丰富度和物种累积速率均降低;(2)随着高原鼠兔干扰强度的增加,二裂委陵菜、白苞筋骨草、火绒草和蒲公英的重要值呈增加趋势,而高山嵩草、扁蕾和线叶嵩的重要值呈下降趋势.随着高原鼠兔干扰时间的增加,火绒草和白苞筋骨草的重要值呈增加趋势,而扁蕾、黄帚橐吾和球花蒿的重要值呈降低趋势;(3)随高原鼠兔干扰年份的增加,菊科、杂类草植物重要值逐渐增多,而禾本科和豆科植物重要值逐渐减少.随高原鼠兔干扰强度增大,菊科植物重要值增加,莎草科植物重要值减少.对于植物生活型而言,随高原鼠兔干扰强度和时间的增加,一年生和匍匐型植物逐渐增多,直立型和莲座型植物逐渐减少.

高寒草原作为青藏高原区主要的草地类型,在全球碳、氮循环、生物多样性维护、水土保持、畜牧业发展等方面发挥着重要的作用.在青海省果洛州玛多县高寒草原选取5块不同退化程度的样地,调查植物功能群组成和土壤理化性质,并采用多元排序法分析不同退化程度下植物功能群组成与土壤因子的关系,以期明确高寒草原功能群组成对草原退化的响应.结果 表明:(1)禾本科功能群丰富度和重要值均随退化程度增加呈先增后降趋势,盖度表现为降低趋势;杂类草功能群的丰富度、盖度和重要值均随退化程度增加呈先增加后降低的趋势.而杂类草功能群的相对重要值随退化程度增加而增加.(2)土壤有机质含量随土层深度的增加而降低;随退化程度加剧,土壤有机质和全氮呈降低的趋势.(3)随退化程度加剧,0-30 cm各土层深度的容重均增加,土壤通气孔隙度降低.(4)各功能群重要值与土壤通气孔隙度呈正相关关系,与土壤容重呈负相关关系;通过冗余分析,草地退化首先影响土壤物理属性进而影响草地功能群组成.

长鸣是雄性高原鼠兔雄性个体特有的鸣声,且与其繁殖有关.研究高原鼠兔长鸣的声学特征及其行为对于理解其繁殖策略有重要意义.2018年3～5月,采用数码录音笔连接指向性话筒与数码摄像机同时记录的方法,在甘南州玛曲县河曲马场录制了7只雄性高原鼠兔的长鸣鸣声及其行为,利用语音分析软件Wavesurfer对所录制的长鸣进行分析,结合其长鸣行为将繁殖期雄性高原鼠兔长鸣分为示警鸣声、求偶鸣声和领域鸣声,并获取了3种鸣声的音节间隔时间、音节持续时间、主频、语谱图.研究发现:(1)雄性高原鼠兔的长鸣具有30种音节型;(2)雄性高原鼠兔的长鸣具有较强的复杂性;(3)领域鸣声和求偶鸣声具有相似的声学特征

Plateau zokor (Myospalax fontanierii) is a native subterranean rodent in alpine rangeland on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) in China, and its foraging, digging, and mounds building cause the unique disturbance pattern to alpine rangeland ecosystem. Over the past decades, the zokors have been regarded as major pests who result in the degradation of the rangeland ecosystem in the QTP and have been simply eliminated by rodenticides or traps. Understanding the function of zokors and evaluating the zokors' impacts on alpine rangeland systems should be the solid scientific basis for zokor control. In this study, we considered the average nearest neighbor indices of zokor mounds to represent the disturbance intensity of zokor to alpine rangeland and surveyed the plant species richness, diversity indices, biomass, and soil physicochemical properties in intermound areas under different zokor disturbance intensities in alpine rangeland in Tianzhu Tibet Autonomous County, located in eastern QTP. Our results indicated that 1) the plant species diversity indices were positively correlated with zokor disturbance intensity and aboveground and belowground biomasses were not significantly different under the different disturbance intensities; 2) the importance value of the forb functional group increased as the disturbance intensities increased, and the sedge functional group showed the opposite trend. The proportions of aboveground and belowground biomasses of forbs increased as the disturbance level increased; 3) there were no changes in the dominant plant species among the different disturbance intensities, but new plant species (Polygonum viviparum and Equisetum arvense) occurred in the plots with high disturbance intensities; 4) a significant positive correlation was observed between soil moisture in the 0-20 cm layer and disturbance intensity, while soil temperature exhibited a significantly negative relationship with the disturbance intensity; however, no differences in soil chemical properties were observed; and 5) redundancy analysis identified that mound building changed soil physical properties, especially soil moisture, in intermound areas, which influenced the plant community structure. In conclusion, the plateau zokor in our study area increased plant species diversity and did not decrease plant biomass, which is beneficial for alpine rangeland systems. We suggest that rangeland managers should consider the multiple functions of zokors to an alpine rangeland ecosystem instead of simply eliminating them. (C) 2020 The Society for Range Management. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

物种分布是物种对环境长期适应和选择的结果,研究物种分布对于了解种群特征以及种群与环境的关系有特殊意义.为客观反映高原鼢鼠(Myospalaxbaileyi)地理分布范围,并探讨高原鼢鼠分布与环境因子的关系,在青藏高原东缘实地调查238处高原鼢鼠分布点,并从WorldClim和SoilGrid数据库分别选取19个气候变量和4个土壤变量,分析高原鼢鼠分布区的环境因子特征.结果表明:高原鼢鼠主要分布在E 100°～102°、N 34°～36°N以及海拔3000～4000 m的高寒草甸区;青藏高原温度日较差、最暖月最高温、最湿季平均温、最暖季平均温、年均降水量、最湿月降水量以及最湿季降水量是影响高原鼢鼠分布的主要气候因子,高原鼢鼠分布与这些气候因子均表现出单峰响应关系.此外,高原鼢鼠分布与土壤因子(土壤水分含量、土壤容重、土壤粘粒含量和土壤砂粒含量)也表现出单峰响应关系.

长鸣是高原鼠兔常见的鸣声类型之一.了解高原鼠兔长鸣发生的时间分配规律及其影响因素对于理解其生存策略具有重要意义.本研究从2018年2月至2019年2月,采用录音机记录其鸣叫声音与单反相机录制呜叫行为相结合的方法,在青藏高原东缘的甘肃省玛曲县记录了高原鼠兔一年内长鸣发生的时间规律,并研究其长鸣发生频率与外界非生物因素(温度和风速)以及内在生理因素(睾酮和孕酮)的关系.结果 表明:(1)高原鼠兔长鸣由雄性个体发出,主要出现在3--5月的繁殖季节,每只个体每日长鸣总时长为130～ 180 s,每日长鸣主要发生在日出后2h和日落前2h内;(2)高原鼠兔繁殖期长鸣时长与睾酮水平呈正相关.当睾酮水平为40 pg/mL左右时,长鸣时长达到1000 s,睾酮水平下降到36 pg/mL以下时,长鸣时长只有150 s左右.非繁殖期长鸣发生与气温和风速呈负相关.综述,高原鼠兔雄性个体全年长鸣发生呈现明显的季节性,繁殖季长鸣与睾酮水平增高密切相关.

对甘肃省玛曲县高寒草甸区轻度和中度鼠害地分别采取控鼠+封育1年+适度放牧1年,控鼠+封育补播一年生黑麦草+适度放牧1年的治理措施,调查了不同治理措施下鼠害地植物种类、高度、盖度、各功能群(禾本科、莎草科、杂类草)地上生物量以及有效鼠洞数目等指标.结果 表明:1)轻度鼠害地经过灭鼠封育后,植物群落Menhinick指数、Evenness e^H/S指数和Simpson 1-D指数分别增加154.9％、41.1％、52.8％,植物群落总地上生物量和有效洞口数均显著增加,干草产量可达3758.19 kg/hm2;适度放牧1年后植物群落总地上生物量和有效洞口数均显著降低(P<0.05);2)中度鼠害地采取封育1年后植物群落Menhinick指数、Evenness e^H/S指数和Simpson 1-D指数分别增加了71％、31％、18％(P<0.05),而Dominance D指数显著降低(P<0.05).植物群落总地上生物量显著增加,有效洞口显著降低(P<0.05).适度放牧1年后,植物种类增加了47.75％,Evenness e^H/S降低了24.2％,有效洞口数显著增加(P<0.05).

研究高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)繁殖季的活动模式,对于了解它们的生存策略及生态防治非常重要.于2019年选择高原鼢鼠繁殖期(3至5月)在甘肃省玛曲县采日玛乡,利用无线电跟踪技术监测高原鼢鼠繁殖季活动模式,并分析高原鼢鼠活动强度与0～10cm土层土壤温度和土壤相对湿度的关系.1)高原鼢鼠在繁殖期内表现出3个日活动高峰,第一个高峰时间是08:00时,第二个高峰时间是14:00时,第三个高峰时间是20:00时;2)日活动差异指数(θ)表明,高原鼢鼠在繁殖期内活动强度变化幅度较大,呈非均匀型分布;昼行性指数(λ)表明,高原鼢鼠在繁殖期白天更为活跃;日活动时间总量(AT)表明,高原鼢鼠繁殖期每天的总活动时长在8h左右;3)相关分析表明,高原鼢鼠繁殖期活动强度与0～ 10 cm土层的土壤温度呈正相关(P＜0.05),与0～10 cm土层的土壤相对湿度不相关(P＞0.05).繁殖期的高原鼢鼠活动强度受0～10cm土层土壤温度影响,不受土壤相对湿度影响.