BACKGROUND:Patients with diabetes often face psychological challenges, particularly depression. The coexistence of these two conditions can significantly impact both the mental and physical health of individuals. This study aims to investigate the effects of nurse-led exercise training on elderly patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid depression through experimental research. By selecting appropriate exercise programs for patients, the study seeks to identify effective strategies for improving both their physical health and depressive symptoms. Additionally, it aims to offer tailored exercise recommendations to enhance the overall well-being of these patients. METHOD:The observation group (n = 53) and the control group (n = 53) were selected based on the interventions documented in the patients' medical records, with eligible patients identified as research participants. The control group received standard medication, while the observation group engaged in intensive exercise training in addition to their standard treatment, dedicating 60-90 min per day to exercise. Prior to and following the intervention, blood glucose indices, levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE), self-rating depression scale (SDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Generic Quality of Life Inventory (GQOLI-74) scores were assessed to evaluate the impact of the exercise training intervention. RESULT:Following the intervention, levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (PBG), and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were reduced compared to pre-intervention levels, with the exercise group exhibiting lower levels than the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, post-intervention, patients' levels of 5-HT and NE increased, with the exercise group demonstrating higher levels than the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, post-intervention, SDS and SAS scores decreased, with more significant improvements observed in the observation group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the intervention improved sleep quality and quality of life among patients in the exercise group compared to those in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Nurse-guided exercise training demonstrates a significant capacity to ameliorate glycemic indexes among patients with diabetes mellitus comorbid with depression. It not only diminishes depression and anxiety levels but also enhances the expression of 5-HT and NE. Furthermore, it effectively elevates patients' sleep quality and quality of life. These findings underscore the potential of nurse-led exercise interventions for clinical promotion and widespread application.

Background:Sheehan's syndrome often occurs in women aged 20 to 40 years. Bleeding is the main cause of the disease. This syndrome is rarely reported in the literature either in China or abroad, and it is rare in psychiatric clinic.Objective:To investigate the inflammatory factors levels and clinical characteristics of mental disorders in patients with Sheehan's syndrome in order to improve rational clinical diagnosis and treatment and reduce the occurrence of mental disorders.Design:This was a retrospective study.Setting:This study was performed in the Department of Endocrinology of Xingtai People' s Hospital in China.Participants:A total of 100 patients with Sheehan's syndrome admitted to Xingtai People's Hospital, China, from 2016 to 2021 were included in the study. According to the occurrence of mental disorders during treatment, they were divided into the psychological disorder group (PS group), psychological disorder during treatment group (TPS group) and non-psychological disorder group (NPS group).Methods:The clinical data of the 3 groups were retrospectively analyzed to explore the levels of inflammatory factors and clinical characteristics of mental disorders in patients with Sheehan's syndrome.Results:In the PS group, compared with the other 2 groups, onset to diagnosis time was longer (P < .05). There was a statistical difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) among the 3 groups. The SBP in the PS group was the lowest, and that in the TPS group was higher than in the PS group and lower than in the NPS group (P < .05). Compared with TPS group, in the PS group the diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blood sodium, blood glucose, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were not significantly different, but were lower than in the NPS group (P < .05). There was no significant difference in age, disease course, body mass index (BMI), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH), Prolactin (PRL), follicle-stimulating hormone( FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH ) and estradiol (E2) in the 3 groups. In the treatment process, the amount of hydrocortisone administered on the first, second day, and third day and the first 3 days in the TPS group were significantly higher than in the NPS group, and the increased rate of serum sodium on the first day in the TPS group was significantly higher than in the NPS (P < .05).Conclusion:Mental health illnesss are more likely to occur in patients with Sheehan's syndrome who are not diagnosed in time for various reasons, in patients with obvious anterior pituitary dysfunction, and in patients with high levels of inflammatory factors, large doses of glucocorticoid at the early stage of the disease and rapid increase of serum sodium at the first day of treatment.

The ability to monitor changes in metabolites and corresponding gene transcription within living cells is highly desirable. However, most current assays for quantification of metabolites or for gene transcription are destructive, precluding tracking the real-time dynamics of living cells. Here, we used the intracellular elemental sulfur in a Thiophaeococcus mangrovi cell as a proof-of-concept to link the quantity of metabolites and relevant gene transcription in living cells by a nondestructive Raman approach. Raman spectroscopy was utilized to quantify intracellular elemental sulfur noninvasively, and a computational mRR (mRNA and Raman) model was developed to infer the transcription of genes relevant to elemental sulfur. The results showed a significant linear correlation between the exponentially transformed Raman spectral intensity of intracellular elemental sulfur and the mRNA levels of genes encoding sulfur globule proteins in T. mangrovi. The mRR model was verified independently in two genera of Thiocapsa and Thiorhodococcus, and the mRNA levels predicted by mRR showed high consistency with actual gene expression detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This approach could enable noninvasive assessment of the quantity of metabolites and link the pertinent gene expression profiles in living cells, providing useful baseline data to spectroscopically map various omics in real time.

BACKGROUNDTo analyze the correlations between plasma coagulation factor VII (FVII), plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), uric acid, and insulin resistance (IR) and diabetic macroangiopathy (DMAP) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).METHODSThe clinical data of 112 elderly T2DM patients admitted to our hospital between March 2017 and March 2020 were enrolled. Subgroups were allocated based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR and the presence of DMAP. The patients were allocated as the study objects (T2DM group, n=90), simple obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2, n=25), simple non-obese (BMI <25 kg/m2, n=22), obesity with DMAP (n=24), and non-obese with DMAP (n=19). Meanwhile, data from 50 healthy controls from physical examinations were employed. The levels of FVII, PAI-1, HOMA-IR and uric acid were determined. Pearson correlation analysis was used to measure the correlations, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the predictive value of detection indexes.RESULTSThe levels of FVII, PAI-1, and uric acid in the T2DM group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). In terms of the levels of FVII, PAI-1, and uric acid: simple non-obese group < simple obese group < non-obese with DMAP group < obese with DMAP group (P<0.05). The levels of FVII, PAI-1, and uric acid in T2DM patients were positively correlated with BMI and Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR (P<0.05). The ROC curve results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for FVII, PAI-1, and uric acid separately, as well as a combination of the three were 0.930, 0.831, 0.888, and 0.997, respectively.CONCLUSIONSFVII, PAI-1, and uric acid levels are elevated in elderly T2DM patients. The levels of FVII, PAI-1, and uric acid are closely related to IR in elderly T2DM patients. The combination of TFVII, PAI-1, and uric acid levels can be used as an effective measure to predict patients with DMAP. Furthermore, the levels of these markers should be promptly measured in a clinical setting for early intervention and improvement of the patient's outcomes.

To investigate the effects of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide on blood glucose, survival rate and liver protection in type 1 diabetic mice. A female mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus was established by continuous intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The experiment was mainly divided into four groups: high-dose group, low-dose group, model group and blank control group. The injection dose of high-dose group was 900 mg/kg, and that of low-dose group was 450 mg/kg. The blood glucose, survival rate and body weight of mice in each group were closely monitored during the experiment After the experiment, the liver of mice was separated and the pathological changes of the liver were evaluated by HE staining The levels of insulin receptor substrate 1 mRNA, interleukin-lbeta and interleukin-6 in liver were detected by quantitative PCR. Female mice were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin for 5 consecutive days, and their blood glucose levels were significantly increased after 7 days of treatment. Under the condition of hyperglycemia, the mortality of mice in the model group will be significantly increased, and the high-dose treatment of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide can promote the survival rate of model mice significantly improved; Low and high doses of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide can significantly increase the body weight of model mice, and high doses of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide treatment can promote the reduction of blood glucose levels. By HE staining, the results showed that the liver of model mice had obvious lesions: there were many infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells, which significantly changed the nature of hepatocytes. At the same time, hepatocytes develop structural disorders. However, the high-dose treatment of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide can significantly improve the liver structural disorders, hepatocyte degeneration and active hepatocyte infiltration in the model mice. Quantitative PCR showed that polysaccharide from Polygonatum cyrtonema Huacould decrease the levels of interleukin-lbeta and interleukin-6 in diabetic liver, and increase the level of insulin receptor substrate 1 mRNA significantly. Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide can significantly reduce the mortality of type 1 diabetic mice. This may have a very close relationship with its related factors, such as liver protection, blood glucose reduction and improving the weight of mice.

Background: Modern lifestyle changes and the interlinking of non-communicable diseases result in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). While research has focused on attenuating the CKD, the role of mTOR in the progression of CKD is still unclear. Objectives: The current investigation was undertaken to study the role of mTOR-mediated signaling in CKD using Wistar male rats and adenine-induced CKD as an experimental model. Method: The animals were divided into 3 groups, representing control, CKD, and rapamycin-pretreated rats. At the end of the experimental period, blood biochemical indexes on kidney function and expression levels of fibrotic markers, including TGF-β, PAI-1, α-smooth muscle action, fibronectin, CTGF, and collagen-1, were analyzed. In addition, kidney injury markers such as kim-1, cystatin-C, NAG, and NGAL, indicating a progressive fibrotic response, were also studied. Results: The results suggest that mTOR inhibition significantly attenuated the induction of fibrosis, with restored serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. Intriguingly, the microRNA (miRNA) analysis revealed an increased expression of miR-193–5p, miR-221, miR-212, and miR-183–5p in CKD, while an increased mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced level of pS6K with attenuated miRNA was found in rapamycin-treated rats compared to the CKD animals. Conclusion: Activation of mTOR is the major responsive element with activation of miRNAs as an elementary role in the progression of kidney disease. Hence, targeting mTOR would be a possible strategy of treatment for CKD.