With the continued rise in global vehicle ownership, the safety of child occupants has garnered increasing research attention. However, United Nations Regulation No. 129 (UN R129) currently lacks injury assessment criteria for the crotch region—specifically, the perineal area and anterior pelvic soft tissues—primarily due to the absence of dedicated sensors in existing child anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). To address this limitation, the present study proposes a qualitative evaluation method by placing quail eggs, chicken eggs, and modeling clay in the crotch region of a 3-year-old child dummy in order to observe deformation responses under crash loading. Comparative tests were conducted on child restraint systems featuring 5-point and 6-point harness configurations under frontal/lateral impact and overturning conditions in accordance with UN R129 protocols. The results indicate that the 6-point harness system significantly reduces soft tissue compression and mitigates the risk of pelvic injury during frontal impacts while also improving control of dummy kinematics in lateral impact and overturning scenarios. Overall, the 6-point harness demonstrated superior protective performance compared to the conventional 5-point system. These findings underscore the critical need to enhance protective measures for the perineal and lower pelvic regions in child occupants. The study further advocates for the development of child ATDs equipped with high-resolution crotch-area sensors and recommends integrating computational simulations with physical testing to establish a robust quantitative framework for evaluating injuries in the crotch region.

In order to further ensure occupant safety, a new type of motor vehicle occupant restraint system is proposed in the paper. According to its structural characteristics, the shoulder belts are shaped like the Chinese number eight (), the lap belt is shaped like the Chinese number one (), and it has six fixed points; hence, it is called the "Eight-one six-point occupant restraint system." The effectiveness of the "Eight-one six-point occupant restraint system" for adult and child occupant protection was verified under frontal impact conditions (50 km/h) and lateral impact conditions (30 km/h) using the Hybrid III 50th percentile dummy and the Q3 child dummy, respectively. Meanwhile, a comparison was made with the safety performance of the typical occupant system. The conclusion indicates that wearing a typical occupant restraint system carries the risk of occupant detachment from the restraint, neck strangulation, and collision interference between occupants on the far side and on the collision side; it also cannot be applied for child occupant protection. However, the "Eight-one six-point occupant restraint" can effectively restrain adult and child occupants within safety areas with a simple and easy-to-wear structure and technological innovation, which has certain application value.

Vibration has an important impact on children's physical and mental health and growth. However, the current standards and regulations pay more attention to the main function of child restraint systems, namely crash safety, and have not clearly defined the vibration comfort test methods and evaluation index requirements for child restraint systems. According to the requirements of the standard GB/T 4970-2009 Vehicle Ride Test Method, the paper carried out a real vehicle test and proposed to collect the X, Y, and Z direction accelerations of the child safety seat base plate, child safety seat cushion, and child safety seat backrest and analyze their time history acceleration peak value, peak to peak value, peak coefficient, vibration dose value, total weighted or comprehensive weighted root mean square value, and realize the vibration comfort evaluation method of the child restraint system for passenger cars under different speed pulse input conditions and random input conditions. At the same time, it is compared with the vibration comfort of the rear car seat of the test vehicle, and the conclusion shows that children's riding on the child restraint system with "ISOFIX + support leg" as the fixed mode increases the riding discomfort. In the future, it will be necessary to improve the vibration comfort of the product and carry out the vibration comfort evaluation.

儿童座椅对保障儿童的乘车安全至关重要,其乘坐舒适性对儿童身心健康及成长的影响亦不能忽视.标准法规更多关注儿童座椅的乘坐安全性、安装的便捷性及误操作性,但对儿童座椅的乘坐舒适性尚无明确规定及评价要求.本文以"人-机-环"系统分析思路,从儿童的生理特征、儿童对舒适性感知因素、儿童座椅分类及儿童座椅安装使用环境出发,归纳儿童座椅乘坐舒适性的影响因素及评价内容,可供企业产品研发评价参考.

For the conventional magnetic flux leakage detector could not meet the requirements for inspection of long-distance oil and gas multi-diameter pipelines, a mechanical structure of magnet probe of multi-diameter detector was developed. The new structure is in the form of floating blocks, and the overall magnetic circuit structure is optimized by arranging probes in a staggered way in the 40-48 in (1 in = 2.54 cm) multi-diameter detector. As shown in the results of the magnetizing test, the mechanical test and the overall traction test, the mechanical structure has sufficient magnetization, and the probe is tightly close to the inner wall of the multi-diameter pipeline without any interference, capable of realizing the full coverage of the probe and adapting to the requirements of through capability of the multi-diameter pipeline. Generally, the reasonable mechanical structure of the floating magnet probe is the precondition for the successful corrosion inspection of oil and gas multi-diameter pipelines, and the research results will provide reference for promoting the development of the magnetic flux leakage inspection series technologies for the multi-diameter pipelines in China.

儿童座椅的类型与分类较多,动态试验方案确定复杂;市场产品质量参差不齐,儿童座椅的选择难以决定.文中结合GB 27887-2011标准对儿童座椅的类型与分类进行了梳理,并对各类型与分类下动态试验方案进行了分析;对近年来C-NCAP儿童座椅评价结果及国抽结果进行了统计,结论表明市场大多儿童座椅产品适应儿童质量跨度大、多组别、固定方式多样,多组别与多种固定方式相交叉;跨组别座椅难以保证每一组别都能取得良好评价,故整体评价难以取得高分;国抽通报结果表明儿童座椅试验不符合项目主要为动态、燃烧、毒性、标识、安装及使用说明书等.

The health condition of hot-rolling back-up rolls plays a key role in controlling the strip profile quality and rolling stability. The characteristics of nonlinearity, strong coupling, and the use of limited samples complicate the prediction of the back-up roll health state. The current back-up roll replacement strategy of each steel mill is generally determined according to a certain rolling time or rolling kilometer, and such a maintenance mode is based on experience. In actual experience, due to different strip specifications in each rolling cycle, the degrees of wear on the back-up rolls are different. Regular maintenance methods may easily lead to excessive wear of the back-up rolls and reduce the quality of the strip shape at the end of the unit, or premature roll replacement wastes the back-up roll performance. This paper proposed a construction method for the back-up roll virtual health index and a Copula function–based model for predicting the health condition of complex working conditions. The health condition of a pair of back-up rolls was characterized by combining roll bending and shifting data, and the back-up roll condition was divided by the K-means clustering method. The Copula prediction model was constructed using the process data under each working condition, and finally, according to the actual rolling schedule, the arrangement order combines the prediction results of the working conditions. The production performance data of a 1780-mm hot rolling line were used to verify the results. The results show that the proposed Copula-based prediction model can accurately and effectively predict the health condition of the back-up roll according to the rolling schedule; thus, it can serve as the basis of a more scientific strategy to guide the replacement and maintenance of the back-up roll.

分析在“一带一路”战略驱动和贸易战背景下,我国轮胎企业面临的困难和风险,提出市场多元化战略.介绍我国国家标准中的轮胎定义和分类,对比分析中国、美国、日本、欧盟等国家或地区机动车轮胎标准检验项目的差异.对轮胎标签制度现状进行简要介绍,并针对新形势下我国轮胎产业状况,探讨轮胎企业的对策,提出企业应关注国外轮胎技术法规、标准动向和国际贸易形势,积极进行产品技术升级和战略调整.

金属材料标准数据库是高效应用金属材料标准数据的重要工具.文章通过对常用金属材料数据库运行平台的搭建及关系数据库的构建,提出了常用金属材料标准数据模型,重点介绍了常用金属材料标准数据库系统的数据访问层、业务逻辑层及表现层,分析了工厂模式及MVC编程框架的实现过程,并对其查询功能进行了详细表述.该数据库检索系统综合运用了动态的Web应用开发技术JSP,具有操作简单、运行高效、易维护等特点.

大数据时代,如何有效、快速地处理不确定性数据,并进行知识获取和数据发掘,一直是诸多领域的研究热点.近年来,以数理统计分析为基础的贝叶斯方法受到学术界的广泛关注.本文总结了贝叶斯方法的基本思想与发展,系统地阐述了该方法在医疗卫生、气候地理、信息技术和经济管理等领域的研究与应用,并对其发展趋势进行了分析.

机器视觉技术是实现机械零件类型识别的有效路径.本文基于运动目标检测理论,通过Matlab平台和图像采集系统,分别对背景差分法和高斯混合模型目标图像提取原理进行了描述、 验证和分析,并在广泛阅读国内外大量相关文献的基础上,比较了静态背景下背景差分法和动态背景下混合高斯模型目标图像提取的优缺点,认为高斯混合模型更适合基于机器视觉的目标零部件检测.

文中通过使用One-Pass水下管道系统对不同工况条件下大辽河穿越水下管道检测的实际工程应用,总结出河流穿越水下管道检测技术在检测实施过程中遇到的问题及解决措施,为河流穿越水下管道检测提供参考.

汽车儿童约束系统动态试验是其综合性能评价的重要试验,而减速度型台车的波形控制对于试验结果的客观、准确评价尤为关键.通过确定儿童约束系统动态试验中减速度曲线的影响因素,并适当调整影响因素中的部分或全部参数,以简单、高效、低成本的方法优化了台车减速度波形.该方法基于Proe-Ansys-Lsdyna联合建模求解技术,并适当辅以现场试验,以验证该仿真方案的可靠性.首先初步确定了动态试验中减速度曲线的主要影响因素,包括吸能管厚度、端部坡度、热处理、台车总重、试验速度和滑块开口尺寸等.通过计算机仿真,分析以上因素与台车减速度波形的对应关系.然后依据该对应关系,确定了可行的吸能方案,试制了一系列吸能管,并通过实际的动态试验进行确认.采用有缝钢管作为台车的吸能装置,易于实现,成本较低,适合于中小规模的企业和实验室.

本文结合我国对汽车整车3C(中国强制性产品认证)认证的要求,通过对整车认证系统信息化系统建设的研究,简介整车认证创新信息化系统的设计和数据库的分析设计.该项研究对于完成整车认证系统的信息化工作奠定了技术基础,可起到推动和铺垫的作用.

大功率LED灯在汽车领域应用范围越来越广，但是大功率LED灯存在光辐射危害，尤其是紫外线（UV）辐射对人体以及汽车灯具自身的危害严重。本文对与UV辐射相关的光生物安全标准现状及发展进行了说明，同时对使用LED模块的汽车灯具及其他灯具标准进行对比，分析其中存在的差异和联系，提出了LED模块UV辐射检测中存在的问题，以及还有待进一步研究的检测方法。

随着三维CAD技术的深化应用,基于模型定义MBD (Model-Based Definition)的数字化设计与制造技术已经成为制造业信息化的发展趋势。国内大型企业正在逐步应用MBD技术进行产品设计,并将MBD模型作为制造的惟一依据。尽管基于MBD的三维工艺设计技术正在蓬勃发展,但标准研究和制定工作却较为滞后。本文拟先给出基于MBD三维工艺技术实施的标准框架,重点讨论数字化标准范畴内的工程技术应用所急需的设计标准及管理标准,构建企业三维工艺设计标准体系,并对体系中各类标准的主要建设内容进行详细阐述。

在经济全球化和体制改革等因素的推动下,顾客的专业化发展对认证认可工作提出了新的.需求.作为认证活动主力军的认证机构,面对新的挑战应当具有新的思维.究竟什么才是认证机构的核心竞争力?认证机构的专业化体现在什么地方?专业化和认证有效性有什么关系?这是当前认证机构制定竞争发展战略必须深刻思考的问题.

汽车制动软管在汽车制动系统中用于传递和存储供汽车制动器加力的液压或气压介质,其设计、制造和检测均应遵循相关的技术法规和标准。本文阐明了现行国家标准存在的不足,介绍了新国家标准的主要变化,对比研究了美、日、国际标准化组织的相关标准,分析了汽车制动软管标准及检测现状,并提出了相关建议。

汽车儿童约束系统的动态性能是评价其安全性的重要指标,国内外的主要相关法规和标准都将动态性能的检测作为判断儿童约束系统性能优劣的必要手段。本文比较了国内外相关法规标准在动态性能检测方面的异同,阐述了动态性能的主要评价方法,介绍了台车系统中吸能装置和数据采集系统的原理,及其应用于儿童约束系统动态试验应满足的要求。

本文通过分析企业信息化过程中的问题,提出在企业信息化过程中应把企业信息分为企业基础信息和业务信息,并首先实现企业基础信息的统一管理的观点。文中给出了企业基础信息的定义,分析了它的特征及分类,最后根据"数据中心"原理,建立了企业基础信息管理模型,实现对企业基础信息的统一管理,为其他业务信息系统提供信息共享的平台。