We present the first results of the search for sub-MeV fermionic dark matter absorbed by electron targets of germanium using the 205.4 kg . day data collected by the CDEX-10 experiment, with the analysis threshold of 160 eVee. No significant dark matter (DM) signals over the background are observed. Results are presented as limits on the cross section of DM-electron interaction. We present new constraints of cross section in the DM range of 0.1-10 keV/c(2) for vector and axial-vector interaction. The upper limit on the cross section is set to be 6.8 x 10(-46) cm(2) for vector interaction, and 2.3 x 10(-46) cm(2) for axial-vector interaction at DM mass of 5 keV/c(2).

ABSTRACT We report the phase-connected timing ephemeris, polarization pulse profiles, Faraday rotation measurements, and Rotating-Vector-Model (RVM) fitting results of 12 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) discovered with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) in the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST survey (CRAFTS). The timing campaigns were carried out with FAST and Arecibo over 3 yr. 11 of the 12 pulsars are in neutron star–white dwarf binary systems, with orbital periods between 2.4 and 100 d. 10 of them have spin periods, companion masses, and orbital eccentricities that are consistent with the theoretical expectations for MSP–Helium white dwarf (He WD) systems. The last binary pulsar (PSR J1912−0952) has a significantly smaller spin frequency and a smaller companion mass, the latter could be caused by a low orbital inclination for the system. Its orbital period of 29 d is well within the range of orbital periods where some MSP–He WD systems have shown anomalous eccentricities, however, the eccentricity of PSR J1912−0952 is typical of what one finds for the remaining MSP–He WD systems.

We operated a p-type point contact high purity germanium (PPCGe) detector (CDEX-1B, 1.008 kg) in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) for 500.3 days to search for neutrinoless double beta ($\bb$) decay of $^{76}$Ge. A total of 504.3 kg$\cdot$day effective exposure data was accumulated. The anti-coincidence and the multi/single-site event (MSE/SSE) discrimination methods were used to suppress the background in the energy region of interest (ROI, 1989--2089 keV for this work) with a factor of 23. A background level of 0.33 counts/(keV$\cdot$kg$\cdot$yr) was achieved. The lower limit on the half life of $^{76}$Ge $\bb$ decay was constrained as $T_{1/2}^{0\nu}\ > \ {1.0}\times 10^{23}\ \rm yr\ (90\% \ C.L.)$, corresponding to the upper limits on the effective Majorana neutrino mass: $\langle m_{\beta\beta}\rangle < $ 3.2--7.5$\ \mathrm{eV}$.

In the Jovian magnetosphere, quasi-periodic phenomena, with quasi-periods on the order of 10-60 min, are frequently identified using different data sets. These pulsations are a branch of ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves, which are believed to play a crucial role in driving the energy circulation within Jupiter's magnetosphere. In this study, we utilize magnetic field data collected by Juno between 2016 and 2022 to perform a comprehensive global statistical analysis of the spatial distribution and periodic characteristics of ULF waves in the Jovian magnetosphere. Our findings reveal distinct periodic features observed at different latitudes and distances, providing valuable insights into the generation mechanisms of ULF waves. Furthermore, we establish a close relationship between the presence of these ULF wave fluctuations and the magnetospheric state, such as under conditions of solar wind compression. By combining contemporaneous ultraviolet aurora observations from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and magnetic field data obtained by Juno, we have discovered that the compressed magnetospheres exhibit more pronounced ULF waves and enhanced auroral activity. These results provide a global picture of the distribution, implying potential generation of ULF waves in the Jovian magnetosphere, and shedding light on the processes behind the 10-60-min energy releases. In the Jovian system, there are patterns of magnetic waves with periods of 10-60 min. These waves are part of a larger category called ultra-low-frequency waves and play an important role in how energy moves around Jupiter. Here, we study these waves using data collected by the Juno spacecraft from 2016 to 2022, investigating where these waves occur and how often they occur. The waves are different depending on the location and distance from Jupiter, which gives us clues about how they are created. These waves also appear to be more common when Jupiter's magnetic field is compressed by the solar wind. We have also combined data from the Hubble Space Telescope and Juno, and found that the compressed magnetic field leads to more of these waves and stronger auroras on Jupiter. This research helps us to understand how these 10-60-min bursts of energy work in Jupiter's magnetosphere. We investigate the spatial distribution and periodic characteristics of ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves in the Jovian magnetosphere We examine and compare the occurrence rate of ULF waves under different solar wind compression states The connection between ULF waves and auroral morphology provides key constraints on wave generation mechanisms

We report the timing analysis of PSR J1846-0513, a pulsar discovered by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) in Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey. The pulsar possesses a spin period of 23.36 ms and a spin-down rate ( P ) of 1.0106(3) x 10-18 s s-1, and it is located in an eccentric orbit (e similar to 0.208) with an orbital period of 0.61 days. The characteristic age and surface magnetic field of the pulsar are found to be 366.62 Myr and 4.9178 x 109 G, respectively, indicating that it is a recycled pulsar. Using over two years of timing data, we measure the periastron advance omega = 0.8956(8) deg yr-1. By assuming that this effect is purely relativistic, we have estimated the total mass M = 2.6287(35)M circle dot and obtained an upper limit for the pulsar mass and a lower limit for the companion's mass. Our results indicate that this is a double neutron star system.

We present the first limit on g_Aγ coupling constant using the Bragg-Primakoff conversion based on an exposure of 1107.5 kg days of data from the CDEX-1B experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. The data are consistent with the null signal hypothesis, and no excess signals are observed. Limits of the coupling g_Aγ<2.08×10^-9 GeV^-1 (95% C.L.) are derived for axions with mass up to 100 eV/c^2. Within the hadronic model of KSVZ, our results exclude axion mass >5.3 eV/c^2 at 95% C.L.

A compact radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac for accelerator -based boron neutron capture therapy is being developed at Xi'an Jiaotong University. By adopting a ramped inter -vane voltage in the beam dynamics design, the RFQ could accelerate a continuous wave proton beam to 2.6 MeV over a length of 4 m, effectively decreasing costs and saving space. To meet the beamdynamics requirements, both the vane width and undercut were optimized during the electromagnetic design. In addition, pi -mode stabilization loops were included to increase the mode separation, and fixed tuners with varying diameters were installed to obtain close frequency -tuning sensitivity. It was established that the field unflatness can be controlled within +/- 1.5% when all tuners remain at their nominal insertion depth. Optimized cooling -channel design was completed, and multi -physics analysis was conducted. The water tuning coefficients of the vane and wall channels were analyzed to establish the ability to fine tune the RFQ during operation.

Vortex pinning is a crucial factor that determines the critical current of practical superconductors and enables their diverse applications. However, the underlying mechanism of vortex pinning has long been elusive, lacking a clear microscopic explanation. Here, using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy, we studied single vortex pinning induced by point defect in layered FeSe-based superconductors. We found the defect-vortex interaction drives low-energy vortex bound states away from EF, creating a "mini" gap that effectively lowers the system energy and enhances pinning. By measuring the local density of states, we directly obtained the elementary pinning energy and estimated the pinning force via the spatial gradient of pinning energy. The results are consistent with bulk critical current measurement. Furthermore, we showed that a general microscopic quantum model incorporating defect-vortex interaction can naturally capture our observation. It suggests that the local pairing near pinned vortex core is actually enhanced compared to unpinned vortex, which is beyond the traditional understanding that nonsuperconducting regions pin vortices. Our study thus unveils a general microscopic mechanism of vortex pinning in superconductors and provides insights for enhancing the critical current of practical superconductors.

CDEX-50 is a next-generation project of the China Dark Matter Experiment (CDEX) that aims to search for dark matter using a 50-kg germanium detector array. This paper comprises a thorough summary of the CDEX-50 dark matter experiment, including an investigation of potential background sources and the development of a background model. Based on the baseline model, the projected sensitivity of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) is also presented. The expected background level within the energy region of interest, set to 2–2.5 keVee, is ∼0.01 counts keVee^-1 kg^-1 day^-1. At 90% confidence level, the expected sensitivity to spin-independent WIMP-nucleon couplings is estimated to reach a cross-section of 5.1 × 10^-45 cm^2 for a WIMP mass of 5 GeV/c^2 with an exposure objective of 150 kg·year and an analysis threshold of 160 eVee. This science goal will correspond to the most sensitive results for WIMPs with a mass of 2.2–8 GeV/c^2.

Recently a dark matter-electron (DM-electron) paradigm has drawn much attention. Models beyond the standard halo model describing DM accelerated by high energy celestial bodies are under intense examination as well. In this Letter, a velocity components analysis (VCA) method dedicated to swift analysis of accelerated DM-electron interactions via semiconductor detectors is proposed and the first HPGe detector-based accelerated DM-electron analysis is realized. Utilizing the method, the first germanium based constraint on sub-GeV solar reflected DM-electron interaction is presented with the 205.4  kg·day dataset from the CDEX-10 experiment. In the heavy mediator scenario, our result excels in the mass range of 5-15  keV/c^{2}, achieving a 3 orders of magnitude improvement comparing with previous semiconductor experiments. In the light mediator scenario, the strongest laboratory constraint for DM lighter than 0.1  MeV/c^{2} is presented. The result proves the feasibility and demonstrates the vast potential of the VCA technique in future accelerated DM-electron analyses with semiconductor detectors.

A transportable, compact, accelerator-based neutron source is under development at Xi’an Jiaotong University. At the heart of the linear accelerator is a radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) unit that has been designed to accelerate a proton beam from 30 keV to 2.5 MeV with a peak current of 12 mA and a duty factor of 3%. Recently, the manufacturing of the RFQ cavity has been completed. Cavity tuning, including field unevenness, resonant frequency, and rf coupling coefficient, was carried out after finishing brazing and assembly. The quadrupole perturbative component was controlled within ±2.0%, and the two dipole components were about ±2.5%. The value of the intrinsic Q was 9609, 89% of that of the theoretical simulation. We have completed the installation of the RFQ experimental setup and performed beam commissioning experiments. The output beam current reached 10.6 mA with a transmission efficiency of 93.8%.

Abstract The Jovian magnetosphere is highly dynamic, influenced by both solar wind and internal processes associated with the rapid planetary rotation and Io's volcanic activities. Accompanying the mass and energy circulations driven by the magnetospheric dynamics, the magnetic configuration also changes dramatically. One of the crucial parameters to characterize the magnetic configuration is magnetic field line curvature (FLC), which generally describes how stretched the field line is. The curvature is pivotal to influence particle behaviors, for example, pitch angle scattering which may lead to auroral particle precipitation. In this work, a method is proposed to investigate the real‐time magnetic FLC in Jovian current sheet using the magnetic field data from the Juno spacecraft. The results indicate that the FLC scattering of ions and relativistic electrons are common in Jovian magnetosphere, providing a crucial insight to understand the particle behaviors.

We report new constraints on light dark matter (DM) boosted by blazars using the 205.4 kg day data from the CDEX-10 experiment located at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. Two representative blazars, TXS 0506+56 and BL Lacertae are studied. The results derived from TXS 0506+56 exclude DM-nucleon elastic scattering cross sections from 4.6× 10^-33 cm^2 to 1×10^-26 cm^2 for DM masses between 10 keV and 1 GeV, and the results derived from BL Lacertae exclude DM-nucleon elastic scattering cross sections from 2.4× 10^-34 cm^2 to 1×10^-26 cm^2 for the same range of DM masses. The constraints correspond to the best sensitivities among solid-state detector experiments in the sub-MeV mass range.

We investigate exotic neutrino interactions using the 205.4 kg$\cdot$day dataset from the CDEX-10 experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. New constraints on the mass and couplings of new gauge bosons are presented. Two nonstandard neutrino interactions are considered: a $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge-boson-induced interaction between an active neutrino and electron/nucleus, and a dark-photon-induced interaction between a sterile neutrino and electron/nucleus via kinetic mixing with a photon. This work probes an unexplored parameter space involving sterile neutrino coupling with a dark photon. New laboratory limits are derived on dark photon masses below $1~{\rm eV}/c^{2}$ at some benchmark values of $\Delta m_{41}^{2}$ and $g^{\prime2}{\rm{sin}}^{2}2\theta_{14}$.

We present novel constraints on boosted light dark matter particles (denoted as ``$\chi$'') from evaporating primordial black holes (PBHs) using 205.4 kg$\cdot$day data from the China Jinping Underground Laboratory's CDEX-10 p-type point contact germanium detector with a 160 eVee analysis threshold. $\chi$ from PBHs with masses ranging from 1$\times$10$^{15}$ g to 7$\times$10$^{16}$ g are searched in this work. In the presence of PBH abundance compatible with present bounds, our result excludes the $\chi$-nucleon elastic-scattering cross section region from 3.4$\times$10$^{-32}$ cm$^{2}$ to 2.3$\times$10$^{-29}$ cm$^{2}$ for $\chi$ of 1 keV to 24 MeV from PBHs with masses of 5$\times$10$^{15}$ g, as well as from 1.1$\times$10$^{-28}$ cm$^{2}$ to 7.6$\times$10$^{-28}$ cm$^{2}$ for $\chi$ of 1 keV to 0.6 MeV from PBHs with masses of 7$\times$10$^{16}$ g. If the $\chi$-nucleon elastic-scattering cross section can be determined in the future, the abundance of PBHs may be severely constrained by $\chi$ evaporation. With the lower threshold (160 eVee) of the CDEX-10 experiment compared to the previously used experiments, this work allows for a better reach at soft spectra produced by heavier PBHs, which demonstrates the vast potential of such a technical route to pursue $\chi$ from larger PBHs with a low threshold.

PSR J2150+3427 is a 0.654 s pulsar discovered by the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey. From the follow-up observations, we find that the pulsar is in a highly eccentric orbit ( e = 0.601) with an orbital period of 10.592 days and a projected semimajor axis of 25.488 lt-s. Using 2.7 yr of timing data, we also measured the rate of periastron advance ω ̇ = 0.0115(4) deg yr −1 . An estimate for the total mass of the system using the ω ̇ gives M tot = 2.59(13) M ⊙ , which is consistent with most of the known double neutron star (DNS) systems and one neutron star (NS)–white dwarf (WD) system named B2303+46. Combining ω ̇ with the mass function of the system gives the masses of M p < 1.67 and M c > 0.98 M ⊙ for the pulsar and the companion star, respectively. This constraint, along with the spin period and orbital parameters, suggests that it is possibly a DNS system, and we cannot entirely rule out the possibility of an NS–WD system. Future timing observations will vastly improve the uncertainty in ω ̇ , and are likely to allow the detection of additional relativistic effects, which can be used to modify the values of M p and M c . With a spin-down luminosity of E ̇ = 5.07(6) × 10 29 erg s −1 , PSR J2150+3427 is a very low-luminosity pulsar, with only the binary pulsar J2208+4610 having a smaller E ̇ .

26Al with a half-life of 7.17x105 years is one of the most significant nuclides in & gamma;-ray astronomy and presolar grains of meteorites. Its main production mechanism in the H-burning MgAl cycle is the 25Mg(p, & gamma;)26Al reaction. In the temperature region of 0.05-0.3 GK of astrophysical interest, the astrophysical 25Mg(p, & gamma;) 26Al reaction rate is dominated by the resonant capture of several low-energy resonances. In this work, we report the results of a complete experimental investigation of the Ec.m. = 92, 130, and 189 keV resonances in the 25Mg(p , & gamma;)26Al reaction with the Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics Experimental Facility. The up-dated thermonuclear 25Mg(p, & gamma; ) 26Al reaction rate is (32-39)% higher than that obtained at the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics around 0.07-0.09 GK, mainly due to the 32% enhancement of the 92-keV resonance strength. The astrophysical impact of our new rate on the 26Al yield in a 5 Mo low-metallicity asymptotic giant branch star is investigated, in which an increase of (45-79)% in the 26Al yield is found by adopting our new 25Mg(p, & gamma; ) 26Al rates.

The Accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (AB-BNCT) is being established worldwide as a future modality to start an era of in-hospital facilities. The most popular reaction for AB-BNCT is 7 Li(p, n) 7 Be and high-flux neutron beams can be produced by bombarding lithium targets with low-energy proton beams. We chose the combined acceleration structure of Radio Frequency Quadrupole linac (RFQ) and Cross-bar H-mode DTL (CH-DTL) considering the compactness of the structure and the adjustment of output energy. The CW proton beam could be accelerated to 1.8 MeV by one RFQ cavity, and then to the final energy by one CH-DTL cavity. The output beam energy can be adjusted in the range of 2.2 MeV to 3.0 MeV with small beam loss and high beam quality, which could be achieved by controlling the feed power and RF phase of the CH-DTL. The variation of beam energy can meet requirements of the BNCT in treating tumors of different depths without adjusting structure of beam shaping assembly (BSA). The beam dynamics of the RFQ and DTL were completed to meet all requirements and the energy stability and adjustment method of output beam were investigated. In addition, we also performed the start-to-end beam tracking and error sensitivity analysis at last.

$^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ with a half-life of $7.17\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ years is one of the most significant nuclides in $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray astronomy and presolar grains of meteorites. Its main production mechanism in the $\mathrm{H}$-burning MgAl cycle is the $^{25}\mathrm{Mg}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma})^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ reaction. In the temperature region of 0.05--0.3 GK of astrophysical interest, the astrophysical $^{25}\mathrm{Mg}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma})^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ reaction rate is dominated by the resonant capture of several low-energy resonances. In this work, we report the results of a complete experimental investigation of the ${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=92$, 130, and 189 keV resonances in the $^{25}\mathrm{Mg}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma})^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ reaction with the Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics Experimental Facility. The updated thermonuclear $^{25}\mathrm{Mg}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma})^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ reaction rate is (32--39)% higher than that obtained at the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics around 0.07--0.09 GK, mainly due to the 32% enhancement of the 92-keV resonance strength. The astrophysical impact of our new rate on the $^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ yield in a 5 ${\mathrm{M}}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ low-metallicity asymptotic giant branch star is investigated, in which an increase of (45--79)% in the $^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ yield is found by adopting our new $^{25}\mathrm{Mg}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma})^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ rates.

Background:Despite adherence to guidelines, recurrence of lesions remains possible in lung tumor microwave ablation (MWA) even when termination is enabled by 5-10 mm ground glass changes. Limited evidence exists regarding the correlation between timely management of perioperative complications (including pneumothorax, pleural effusion, hemorrhage, cavity formation, and infection) and local tumor progression. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationship among peri-procedural factors, complications, and local tumor progression in 164 cases of lung tumors treated with computed tomography-guided MWA (CT-MWA), and improve the local prognosis and reduce the complication rate of CT-guided lung tumor ablation.Methods:We reviewed 164 consecutive patients who underwent CT-MWA at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center's Minimally Invasive Therapy Center for lung cancer from September 2019 to May 2020. Correlative analysis was performed between peri-procedural factors, complications and outcomes (local tumor progression rates). Patients who have had prior surgery or previous MWA were excluded. Ablation was the first treatment of choice, and all patients who have had other treatments were excluded. Patients were followed every 3 months with CT. Outcomes of ablation including complications and local tumor progression were evaluated. Peri-procedural factors included demographical factors, tumor features, ablation parameters, management of intra-procedural pneumothorax, and CT features. Complications included pneumothorax, post-procedural refractory infection, and pleural effusion.Results:The study included 98 males and 68 females, with an average age of 56.1 years. Local tumor progression rate was negatively correlated with intra-procedural management of pneumothorax (R=-0.550, P=0.0003) and Hounsfield unit (HU) difference between HU before and after procedure (R=-0.855, P=0.006), and positively correlated with the average HU value of immediate post-procedural CT at the measurement points (R=0.857, P=0.00002). The correlation analysis results also showed a positive correlation between infection after procedure and pneumothorax (R=0.340, P=0.0001).Conclusions:A greater difference between HU before and after the procedure or a decrease in CT values immediately after ablation may predict a higher rate of local complete ablation. Prompt management of intraoperative pneumothorax may lower local tumor progression rates and decrease incidence of post-procedural infection.