BACKGROUND:The retromolar canal (RMC) is an extension of the mandibular canal located in the distal region of the mandibular third molar. Accurately detecting the RMC using conventional two-dimensional images is challenging, potentially leading to anesthetic failure and sensory disorders. This study aims to explore the clinical application of a radiomic model based on panoramic radiographs in detecting the RMC. METHODS:A retrospective collection of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and panoramic radiographs was conducted on 800 patients, covering 1555 hemimandibles. CBCT images served as the gold standard for confirming the presence of RMC. A dataset comprising 846 retromolar regions was established for model training and testing, with an 8:2 ratio. On the panoramic radiographs, the retromolar regions were delineated as the regions of interest, and radiomic features were extracted and selected. Support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and multilayer perceptron (MLP) were employed to construct detection models for the RMC. The performance of these algorithms was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA), and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) values were compared with those of a dentist and a radiologist. RESULTS:The RMC was identified in 423 (27.2%) out of 1555 hemimandibles on CBCT images. The four algorithms, particularly SVM and MLP, demonstrated outstanding classification abilities in detecting the RMC, with AUC values ranging from 0.831 to 0.895 in the training set and from 0.719 to 0.808 in the testing set. These results significantly surpassed those of the dentist and radiologist (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Radiomics based on panoramic radiographs exhibit a high detection capability for the RMC, emphasizing its considerable clinical application value.

The skeleton is a metabolically active organ undergoing continuous remodeling initiated by bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). Recent research has demonstrated that BMSCs adapt the metabolic pathways to drive the osteogenic differentiation and bone formation, but the mechanism involved remains largely elusive. Here, using a comprehensive targeted metabolome and transcriptome profiling, we revealed that one-carbon metabolism was promoted following osteogenic induction of BMSCs. Methotrexate (MTX), an inhibitor of one-carbon metabolism that blocks S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) generation, led to decreased N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation level and inhibited osteogenic capacity. Increasing intracellular SAM generation through betaine addition rescued the suppressed m6A content and osteogenesis in MTX-treated cells. Using S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) to inhibit the m6A level, the osteogenic activity of BMSCs was consequently impeded. We also demonstrated that the pro-osteogenic effect of m6A methylation mediated by one-carbon metabolism could be attributed to HIF-1α and glycolysis pathway. This was supported by the findings that dimethyloxalyl glycine rescued the osteogenic potential in MTX-treated and SAH-treated cells by upregulating HIF-1α and key glycolytic enzymes expression. Importantly, betaine supplementation attenuated MTX-induced m6A methylation decrease and bone loss via promoting the abundance of SAM in rat. Collectively, these results revealed that one-carbon metabolite SAM was a potential promoter in BMSC osteogenesis via the augmentation of m6A methylation, and the cross talk between metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic modification, and transcriptional regulation of BMSCs might provide strategies for bone regeneration.

The impaired osteogenic capability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) caused by persistent inflammation is the main pathogenesis of inflammatory bone diseases. Recent studies show that metabolism is disturbed in osteogenically differentiated BMSCs in response to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, while the mechanism involved remains incompletely revealed. Herein, we demonstrated that BMSCs adapted their metabolism to regulate acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) availability and RNA acetylation level, ultimately affecting osteogenic differentiation. The mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired osteogenic potential upon inflammatory conditions accompanied by the reduced acetyl-CoA content, which in turn suppressed N4-acetylation (ac4C) level. Supplying acetyl-CoA by sodium citrate (SC) addition rescued ac4C level and promoted the osteogenic capacity of LPS-treated cells through the ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) pathway. N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) inhibitor remodelin reduced ac4C level and consequently impeded osteogenic capacity. Meanwhile, the osteo-promotive effect of acetyl-CoA-dependent ac4C might be attributed to fatty acid oxidation (FAO), as evidenced by activating FAO by L-carnitine supplementation counteracted remodelin-induced inhibition of osteogenesis. Further in vivo experiments confirmed the promotive role of acetyl-CoA in the endogenous bone regeneration in rat inflammatory mandibular defects. Our study uncovered a metabolic-epigenetic axis comprising acetyl-CoA and ac4C modification in the process of inflammatory osteogenesis of BMSCs and suggested a new target for bone tissue repair in the context of inflammatory bone diseases.

Fibrillar collagen structures mineralized with hydroxyapatite using the polymer-induced liquid precursor (PILP) process have been explored as synthetic models for studying biomineralization of human hard tissues and have also been applied in the fabrication of scaffolds for hard tissue regeneration. Strontium has important biological functions in bone and has been used as a therapeutic agent for treating diseases that result in bone defects, such as osteoporosis. Here, we developed a strategy to mineralize collagen with Sr-doped hydroxyapatite (HA) using the PILP process. Doping with Sr altered the crystal lattice of HA and inhibited the degree of mineralization in a concentration-dependent manner, but did not affect the unique formation of intrafibrillar minerals using the PILP. The Sr-doped HA nanocrystals were aligned in the [001] direction but did not recapitulate the parallel alignment of the c-axis of pure Ca HA in relation to the collagen fiber long axis. The mimicry of doping Sr in PILP-mineralized collagen can help understand the doping of Sr in natural hard tissues and during treatment. The fibrillary mineralized collagen with Sr-doped HA will be explored in future work as biomimetic and bioactive scaffolds for regeneration of bone and tooth dentin.

Infection in hard tissue regeneration is a clinically-relevant challenge. Development of scaffolds with dual function for promoting bone/dental tissue growth and preventing bacterial infections is a critical need in the field. Here we fabricated hybrid scaffolds by intrafibrillar-mineralization of collagen using a biomimetic process and subsequently coating the scaffold with an antimicrobial designer peptide with cationic and amphipathic properties. The highly hydrophilic mineralized collagen scaffolds provided an ideal substrate to form a dense and stable coating of the antimicrobial peptides. The amount of hydroxyapatite in the mineralized fibers modulated the rheological behavior of the scaffolds with no influence on the amount of recruited peptides and the resulting increase in hydrophobicity. The developed scaffolds were potent by contact killing of Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Streptococcus gordonii as well as cytocompatible to human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. The process of scaffold fabrication is versatile and can be used to control mineral load and/or intrafibrillar-mineralized scaffolds made of other biopolymers.

Strontium-releasing bioactive materials have attracted considerable attention for patients with osteoporotic bone defects due to its ability to stimulate bone formation and decrease bone resorption. In the present study, type I collagen/strontium hydroxyapatite nanocomposite (cSrHA) was fabricated via a non-classical biomimetic mineralization pathway. Mineralized collagen fibrils with nanosized SrHA embedded in intrafibrillar interstices were obtained using poly(acrylic acid) as a biomimetic mineralizing director. The resultant nanocomposite was characterized by SEM, TEM, EDS, ATR-FTIR, XRD and TGA. cSrHA displayed morphologies, nanostructures and characteristics similar to those of natural hard tissue and calcium hydroxyapatite-mineralized collagen (cCaHA), indicating its potential value as a biofunctional material for bone engineering.

We used cellulose and a nonclassical mineralization process to fabricate a bioinspired nanohybrid material that exhibited structural features and properties similar to those of human hard tissues. We made a hydrogel with highly compacted and aligned cellulose nanofibers. We thoroughly mineralized the cellulose hydrogel with hydroxyapatite nanocrystals, using poly(acrylic acid) as a soluble template for precursor minerals, which infiltrated the nanocompartments of the aligned cellulose nanofiber network. The ultrastructure and mechanical properties of the mineralized gels were strikingly similar to those of bone and dentin, which supports further use of cellulose-based fibrillary materials as affordable, biocompatible scaffolds for repair and regeneration of hard tissues. The versatility of the bioinspired mineralization processes used here can broaden the applications of these cellulosic nanohybrids.

Objective To explore the effects of odontoscope simulation practice before class on improving students′ clinical operational skill and its application in the experimental teaching of endodontic. Methods Using Random Number Tables, 60 students from grade 2012 Guangzhou School of Stomotology were randomly divided into two groups, odontoscope simulation practice in experimental group and non-practice in control group. During the experimental courses, the two groups of students completed teeth preparation on the head-simulators. The teacher scored the quality of teeth preparation (cavity depth, dovetail width) . The problems encountered during preparation of teeth before and after odontoscope simulation practice were recorded with self-made questionnaire and the percentage of each problem was calculated. The teaching quality of the practice was also evaluated. Using SPSS 20.0 statistical software, the preparation quality of cavity in different groups was analyzed by Non-parametric rank-sum test (Mann-Whitney U) , and the questionnaire data were recorded and analyzed by t-test. Results The number of excellent, good and poor in cavity depth in the experimental group was 22, 7 and 1 respectively. The number of excellent, good and poor in cavity depth in the control group was 15, 10 and 5 respectively. The experimental group′s performance was better than that in the control group (Z = -2.308, P = 0.021) . The number of excellent, good and poor dovetail widths in the experimental group was 20, 9 and 1 respectively, while the number of excellent, good and poor dovetail widths in the control group was 12, 14 and 4 respectively. The experimental group′s performance was better than that in the control group (Z = 2.177, P = 0.029) . The questionnaire on the use of oral mirror found that the percentage of students in the experimental group (6.67%) who had problems no sense of distance in the oral mirror and could not judge the depth of the prepared cave was significantly lower than that in the control group (33.33%) with statistical significance (χ2 = 6.667, P = 0.01) . The percentage of students in the experimental group (0%) who had problems unclear visual field of the oral mirror, distortion of the image, and double shadow was significantly lower than that in the control group (23.33%) . The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 7.925, P = 0.005) . Conclusion Odontoscope simulation practice contributed to the improvement of the students′ ability of clinical operational skill and the teaching quality of clinical training. Key words: Endodontics; Hospitals, teaching; Odontoscope simulation

Objective To assess effects of project refined Mini-clinical Evaluation Exercise (PRMini-CEX) scale on the clinical training of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Methods In the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, eighty-two dental students were divided into two groups by using the random number table, i.e. experimental group and control group. The experimental group received PRMini-CEX assessments at least twice during the clinical training. Feedbacks were given immediately after evaluation. The control group was trained in a traditional way. The passing and excellence rate of an after-training test were compared between the two groups by using χ2 test. Results The excellence rate of the experimental group (26.83%) was higher than that of the control group (4.88%) , which was statistically significant (χ2= 7.405, P<0.01) . Students′ feedbacks showed that the PRMini-CEX scale evaluation system had a high acceptance by students, and also had substantial advantages in the students′ mastering of the latest progress of case-related research. Conclusion PRMini-CEX is simple, comprehensive and applicable in the clinical training of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Key words: Surgery, oral; Teaching reform; Mini-clinical evaluation exercise scale

Inspired by nature, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and other polyelectrolytes have been used as noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) surrogates for biomimetic intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen fibrils and thus, to model the ultrastructure of bone, to study the mechanism of bone mineralization and, more scarcely to fabricate scaffolds for hard tissue engineering. The objective of this study was to systematically investigate the effect of the molecular weight (MW) and the concentration of PAA on the rate and pattern of biomineralization of collagen matrices. Densified type I collagen films were mineralized in supersaturated PAA-stabilized amorphous calcium-phosphate (PAA-ACP) solutions containing increasing MW (2 kDa, 50 kDA, 450 kDa) and concentrations (10, 25, 50 mg/L) of PAA up to 7 days. The stability and physical properties of collagen-free PAA-ACP solutions were also investigated. In our system, lowering PAA MW and increasing PAA concentration resulted in solutions with increasing stability. Over stable PAA-ACP solutions that fully inhibited mineralization of the collagen matrices were achieved using PAA 2k-50. Conversely, unstable solutions were obtained using high PAA MW at low concentrations. Nucleation and growth of significant amount of extrafibrillar minerals on the collagen fibrils was obtained using these solutions. In a wide range of combined MW and concentration of PAA we obtained intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen with hydroxyapatite crystals aligned parallel to the collagen fibril as in natural tissues. Intrafibrillar mineralization was correlated with PAA-ACP stability and growth of the PAA-ACP particles in solution. Our results support using PAA to surrogate NCPs function as selective inhibitors or promoters of biological mineralization and provide parameters to manufacture new biomimetic scaffolds and constructs for bone and dentin tissue engineering.

This study investigated carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)-induced biomimetic mineralization of collagen fibrils, with the aim of synthesizing experimental resins doped with CMC and calcium phosphate microfillers to remineralize artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) and enhance resin dentin bonding durability. A size exclusion test provided evidence for the rejection of CMC (M-w 150 kDa) by collagen fibrils. Transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction conducted on reconstituted two-dimensional collagen showed typical deposition of needle-like hydroxyapatite crystals within collagen fibrils through CMC-induced biomimetic mineralization. The Vickers hardness test revealed significant improvement (P < 0.001) of the hardness of ACAD treated with CMC-containing experimental resins. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed reduced dentin permeability and defect sites after biomimetic mineralization. On microtensile bond strength testing, the CMC-remineralized ACAD had better bonding with resin than ACAD and traditionally remineralized ACAD in both self-etch and etch-and-rinse bonding modes (P < 0.001). In conclusion, CMC is efficient in directing the biomimetic mineralization of collagen fibrils. The experimental resins containing CMC can induce dentin biomimetic remineralization and improve the bonding performance of ACAD.

医学教育全球化的最基本要求包括7个方面即:职业价值、态度、行为和伦理,医学科学基础知识,临床技能,交流沟通技能,群体健康和卫生系统,信息管理,批判性思维和研究.医学的基本要求是知识技能与职业态度的结合.为此,我们将人性化的教学手段和职业精神教育应用在口腔临床教学中,提高了学生的综合素质和社会竞争能力,取得了较为满意的教学效果.

With the rapid growth of dental education,high?quality resources of clinical practice teaching are in serious shortage. How to create a high?quality dental practice teaching base has become an important issue. In this article,we summarized construction process of a clinic base,including basic requirements of the practice base,selection and classification,training and identification,management and quality control and so on to analyze and discuss the difficulties and solutions during the construction of a stomatological practice base. The basic process of practice base cultivation was presented to provide practical reference for rapid construction and improvement of stomatological internship base.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the sealing properties of three resin- based sealers, EndoREZ, RealSEAL and RealSEAL SE.METHODS:Forthy-eight extracted human anterior teeth with single root and canal were prepared using ProTaper files with crown-down technique to F3. The teeth were filled with three sealer respectively with hot gutta- percha vertical condensation technique simulating the clinical situation. Leakage quantity was detected using computerized fluid filtration meter with 10 samples in each group. The cross section morphology of apical parts of roots of 5 mm was observed with scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope in 3 samples of each group, respectively.RESULTS:The leakage quantity of EndoREZ, RealSEAL and RealSEAL SE were (2.61±0.60), (1.43±0.11) and (1.76±0.18) µl/min, respectively. The gaps between the the sealer and the canal wall were increased in in order of RealSEAL, RealSEAL SE and EndoREZ. No obvious demineralized dentin under EndoREZ and the smear layer was not completed removed. The partly demineralized dentin was observed under RealSEAL and the smear layer was totally removed. The partly demineralized dentin was seen under RealSEAL SE and the majority of smear layer was removed.CONCLUSIONS:Among the three resin- based sealers, RealSEAL has the best sealing properties, followed by RealSEAL SE and EndoREZ.

Objective To test the hypothesis that the application of a sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP) primer and a Portland cement-based lining composite on hybrid layers can induce intrafibrillar remineralization in the presence of the amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-stabilization analog supplied in simulated body fluid (SBF). Methods Together with Portland cement-based composite, biomimetic remineralization system was built by phosphorylating collagen with 0 .245 mol/L STTP for 5 min and by adding polyacrylic acid ( PAA ) to SBF . Based on these results , a in-situ mineralization scheme was developed for chemical phosphorylation of acid-etched dentin with 0 .245 mol/L STTP, followed by infiltration of the STTP-treated collagen matrix with One-Step . Resin dentin interfaces were then capped with a Portland cement-based hydrophilic composite a liner , and remineralized in SBF with the use of PAA as an ACP-stabilization analog. Remineralized resin-dentin interfaces were examined unstained using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results Periodic nanocomposite assembly with collagen sponge as a template was demonstrated with TEM using a Portland cement-based resin composite and a 5-minute STTP phosphorylation. Apatite was detected within the collagen at 72 h, and heavily deposited in collagen fibrils with periodically arranged intrafibrillar apatite platelets at 28 d . Infrared spectrum of the mineralized collagen sponge demonstrated characteristic hydroxyl apatite peaks at 900~1200 cm -1&nbsp;and 500~600 cm-1. The results of that model were further validated by complete remineralization of the hybrid layers treated with 0.245 mol/L STTP as a therapeutic primer and lined with a Portland cement-based lining composite, and with the ACP-stabilization analog supplied in SBF. Conclusions The STTP primer and the Portland cement-based lining composite employed in this study may be used with the ACP-stabilization analogy for in-situ remineralization of hybrid layer . This provides a potential delivery system for realization of the goal of biomimetic remineralization of dentin hybrid layer .

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the functions of sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) in the process of collagen biomimetic mineralization. This would allow future applications to other collagen matrices such as bone collagen or 3-D collagen scaffolds.METHODS:Glass cover slips and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids were coated with reconstituted typeIcollagen fibrils. Mineralization of the reconstituted collagens was demonstrated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TEM using a Portland cement-containing resin composite and a phosphate-containing fluid in the presence of PAA and STTP. The rest were immersed in a biomimetic remineralization medium without PAA and/or STTP (control).RESULTS:In the presence of PAA and STTP in the mineralization medium, intrafibrillar mineralization based on the non-classical crystallisation pathway could be identified. Mineral phases were evident within the collagen fibrils as early as 12 h after the initially-formed amorphous calcium phosphate nanoprecursors were transformed into apatite nanocrystals. Collagens at 72 h were heavily mineralized with periodically arranged intrafibrillar apatite platelets. Conversely, only large mineral spheres with no preferred association with collagen fibrils were observed in the absence of biomimetic analogues in the medium (control).CONCLUSIONS:Intrafibrillar apatite deposition can be achieved via biomimetic mineralization system containing PAA and STTP when amorphous calcium phosphate precursor is stabilized.

Objective To investigate the quantitative evaluation of biomimetic remineralization of artificial dentinal caries. Methods Artificial dentin caries lesion was established by pH cycling with demineralization and remineralization fluid. The caries-like dentin was bonded with(1) Single Bond Plus(SB), an etch-and-rinse adhesive using moist bonding;(2) One-Step(OS), an etch-and-rinse adhesive using moist bonding;(3) Adper Prompt L-Pop(LP), a self-etching adhesive. All specimens were remineralized by Portland cement / simulated body fluid remineralization media by incorporating polyacrylic acid and Polyvinyl phosphonic acid as biomimetic analogs of matrix proteins. Lesion depth and integrated mineral loss were quantitatively monitored and evaluated with microcomputed tomography. Results After 4 months′ remineralization, the depth of lesions of group SB, OS and LP were reduced to 47, 53 and 87 μm, with the remineralization rate of 73.76%, 81.39% and 74.54%. Remineralization was achieved in three groups. Conclusions Quantitative evaluation of biomimetic remineralization of artificial dentinal caries with micro CT is feasible; The degree of remineralization of the three groups enhanced significantly with no significant difference.

Introduction: Calcium silicate-based materials (CSMs) are used in various endodontic procedures. The present study examined whether prolonged contact of mineralized dentin with recently commercialized versions of these materials adversely affects dentin collagen matrix integrity. Methods: Dentin slabs prepared from extracted human third molars (7 x 3 x 0.3 mm) were divided into 3 groups on the basis of the material to which dentin was exposed (MTA Plus, Biodentine, untreated control dentin slabs) and the time period of exposure (24 hours, 1, 2, and 3 months; n = 6). Hydroxyproline assay was performed on each group's supernatant to quantify the collagen extraction amounts of each group per time period. Data were analyzed with two-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance and Holm-Sidak pair-wise comparisons (alpha = 0.05) to determine the effects of material and aging time on collagen extraction. Dentin slabs from the 3 months of aging group were demineralized for transmission electron microscopy examination of collagen matrix ultrastructural changes. Results: Material (P = .002), aging time (P < .001), and their interactions (P = .007) significantly affected the amount of hydroxyproline (pg/mg of mineralized dentin) extracted from mineralized dentin and were significantly correlated by power regression models. Collagen degradation was identified from the surface of dentin slabs that were in direct contact with CSMs. Conclusions: Prolonged contact of mineralized dentin with CSMs has an adverse effect on the integrity of the dentin collagen matrix. However, the amount of collagen extracted was limited to the contact surface. Clinicians can continue to apply CSMs in endodontic procedures; however, caution is advised when these materials are applied to thin dentinal walls. (J Endod 2012;38:829-833)

Traditional bone regeneration strategies relied on supplementation of biomaterials constructs with stem or progenitor cells or growth factors. By contrast, cell homing strategies employ chemokines to mobilize stem or progenitor cells from host bone marrow and tissue niches to injured sites. Although silica-based biomaterials exhibit osteogenic and angiogenic potentials, they lack cell homing capability. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) plays a pivotal role in mobilization and homing of stem cells to injured tissues. In this work, we demonstrated that 3-dimensional collagen scaffolds infiltrated with intrafibrillar silica are biodegradable and highly biocompatible. They exhibit improved compressive stress-strain responses and toughness over nonsilicified collagen scaffolds. They are osteoconductive and up-regulate expressions of osteogenesis-and angiogenesis-related genes more significantly than nonsilicified collagen scaffolds. In addition, these scaffolds reversibly bind SDF-1 alpha for sustained release of this chemokine, which exhibits in vitro cell homing characteristics. When implanted subcutaneously in an in vivo mouse model, SDF-1 alpha-loaded silicified collagen scaffolds stimulate the formation of ectopic bone and blood capillaries within the scaffold and abrogate the need for cell seeding or supplementation of osteogenic and angiogenic growth factors. Intrafibrillar-silicified collagen scaffolds with sustained SDF-1 alpha release represent a less costly and complex alternative to contemporary cell seeding approaches and provide new therapeutic options for in situ hard tissue regeneration.-Niu, L.-N., Jiao, K., Qi, Y.-P., Nikonov, S., Yiu, C. K. Y., Arola, D. D., Gong, S.-Q., El-Marakby, A., Carrilho, M. R. O., Hamrick, M. W., Hargreaves, K. M., Diogenes, A., Chen, J.-H., Pashley, D. H., Tay, F. R. Intrafibrillar silicification of collagen scaffolds for sustained release of stem cell homing chemokine in hard tissue regeneration. FASEB J. 26, 4517-4529 (2012). www.fasebj.org

The design of antimicrobial polymers to address healthcare issues and minimize environmental problems is an important endeavor with both fundamental and practical implications. Quaternary ammonium silane-functionalized methacrylate (QAMS) represents an example of antimicrobial macromonomers synthesized by a sol-gel chemical route; these compounds possess flexible Si-O-Si bonds. In present work, a partially hydrolyzed QAMS co-polymerized with 2,2-[4(2-hydroxy 3-methacryloxypropoxy)-phenyl]propane is introduced. This methacrylate resin was shown to possess desirable mechanical properties with both a high degree of conversion and minimal polymerization shrinkage. The kill-on-contact microbiocidal activities of this resin were demonstrated using single-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 36558), Actinomyces naeslundii (ATCC 12104) and Candida albicans (ATCC 90028). Improved mechanical properties after hydration provided the proof-of-concept that QAMS-incorporated resin exhibits self-repair potential via water-induced condensation of organic modified silicate (ormosil) phases within the polymerized resin matrix.