The effect of a preliminary mechanochemical activation of the components in the Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2) solid-phase synthesis from the CaO + CaHPO4 and CaCO3 + (NH4)(2)HPO4 was studied. The crystallographic parameters of the products, their spectroscopic and dielectric characteristics were determined. The effect of the composition of the initial components on the rate of the synthesis was examined.

Surface changes in sapphire single crystals with four different orientations produced by irradiation with Kr (305MeV), Xe (595MeV) and Bi (710, 557, 269 and 151MeV) ions have been studied by means of atomic force microscopy and thermo-stimulated exo-electron emission (TS EEE). It was observed that individual surface defects with density corresponding to the ion fluence have been detected only for Bi ions with energy higher than 269MeV. At the highest surface ionizing density values of 41 and 35keV/nm, these defects were found to have a complicated structure—the hillock surrounded by border ring or hillock with cavity on the top. The TS EEE measurements show that all studied crystals are characterized by TS EEE curve depending on crystallographic orientation and irradiation dose. At the same time, some general features in the TS EEE data for all crystallographic orientations are observed.

The temperature dependences of specific heat capacity c(p) and thermally induced exoelectron emission of optical CuCl crystals were studied in the temperature range 20-500 degreesC. Peaks at 375 and 410 degreesC were shown to correspond to the formation of polytypes and the sphalerite-wurtzite phase transition, respectively. A peak at 170 degreesC was related to the presence of small amounts of Cu2+ ions in the sample.

A relation between the parameters of a thermionic emission from activated carbons and the concentration and character of surface functional groups that act as primary adsorption sites of water adsorption was established.

Using the analysis data on the characteristics of radiation accompanying failure of solids as the basis, a supposition is made of the feasibility of dd-reactions taking place during fracture of deuterated dielectrics. The experiments carried out prove the feasibility of generation of neutrons at the moment of fracture of D2O LD crystals, indicating the excitation of nuclear reaction.

The possibility of initiating DD reactions on vibro-milling of zirconium together with heavy water and deuterated polypropylene has been investigated. Weak emission of neutrons has been detected both during the vibro-milling process and some time after its completion.

Yet in 1934, one of the authors had developed the molecular friction theory explaining the external friction by dissipation of energy on the molecular unevenness of the bodies in friction. This theory distinctly determines the role of adhesion in the processes of the external sliding friction. the adhesion forces are used in this theory only for explaining deviation from the Amonton's law expressing the proportionality of the friction force to the normal load. The rolling friction process (in the absence of deformations) represents a process of formation and breakage of adhesion bonds. Using the electron theory as the basis, the mechanism of influence of the electrostatic component of adhesion on the rolling friction is considered, the electrostatic component being attributable to the formation of a double electric layer when solids are in friction, and when its plates are separated as the contact is broken.

On the basis of an analysis of data on the characteristics of radiation accompanying the fracture of solids, it is suggested that DD reactions may take place during the fracture of deuterated dielectrics. Experiments have indicated possible generation of neutrons at the moment of fracture of D2O crystals.

This paper describes the results of an investigation of high-electron emission accompanying the mechanical disruption of adhesive contact in vacuo. Investigations of such emission parameters as the energy of the electrons, their angular distribution, depth of the electron capture center levels on freshly formed polymer surfaces responsible for the emission as well as the establishment of relations governing the time variation of the parameters of the emitted electrons' flux, their relation to the polymer film surface charge, and finally the numerical computations based on these experiments have led the authors to the conclusion that the mechanism of electron emission from freshly formed polymer film surfaces has a field-emission nature proceeding from surface states and is described accurately enough by the analytical expressions derived from the above considerations.

not been 'seen', although there is no obvious reason why they should be visible with current techniques .In an accompanying letter' , Sheetz and colleagues report that their Con A labelled particles "on" fish keratocytes sometimes move long distances forward at great speed.Could it be that they have discovered just those intracellular vesicles they claim do not exist?In the light of all this, the accompanying and enthusiastic obituary of the "lipidflow model" in New and Views 8 seems premature.

The phase structure of compositions based on polyamide PA-610 and chromium(III) hexaaquachloride was studied by DTA, TG, DCS, electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Mechanical action on the PA-[Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 System leads to the formation of a product of the polymer-salt interaction. The product emerges as a separate phase at the PA-filler interface. The glass transition temperature and the composition of the compound are determined. A structural formula and a mechanism of the product formation and growth are proposed.

One has carried out an analysis of the influence of the preliminary pressing-on on components of the adhesion force of different natures for the case of the contact of elastic particles with a rigid substrate. Two pressing-on variants are considered; as, - those realized under the effect of a dynamic and a static load. It has been shown that an increase in the adhesion of elastic particles to the surface resulting from the preliminary pressing-on is attributable to an increase in the adhesion force component due to a double electric layer in contact.

The electroadhesive properties of polymer particles 5 to 30 μm in diameter have been assessed by the values of their individual charges after tearing off, and by the force of their adhesion to a solid surface. It has been established that the electroadhesion properties of polymer particles are largely determined by the donor-acceptor interaction between the main functional groups of polymers and the solid surface.

The molecular theory of friction, which has been developed by one of the authors enables one to derive a two-term formula representing the friction force as a tangential component of the sum resulting from adding the attractive forces and repulsive forces active between the atoms of contacting bodies. The applicability of the two-term friction law to the frictional properties of polymers has been proved by the experiments made with a view to studying the statical friction of polymers on smooth metal surfaces.The formation of adhesion bonds frequently results in the appearance of a double electrical layer in a contact, whose destruction, while there is no leakage of charges, is a thermodynamically non-equilibrium process. Therefore, the process of rolling one body over another features an additional electrical component of the rolling friction.

Simultaneous measurements have been made of the adhesive force and double electric charge of particles after their removal from a metal surface. For the systems investigated, the adhesive force and charge on the particles increase with particle diameter according to a power law with an exponent close to 2. Such dependence can be explained on the basis of the electrostatic nature of the adhesive forces. A double electric layer exists at the interface between the particles and the metal Surface. A calculation was made of the surface density of charge for the polyvinyl chloride particle-steel system.