Psychological teleconsultations (PTCs) for populations in remote regions of Russia are examined in the context of current approaches, methods, and procedures used to assess the adaptation potential of individuals with mental health disorders. Early identification of mental health risks in employees is based on understanding the critical role of adaptation potential and psychological adaptability in overcoming challenges of psychosocial adjustment. High-quality PTCs enable the recognition of emotional responses and provide feedback on the patient’s mental state. Analysis of PTC services delivered during COVID-19-related restrictions demonstrated their applicability for personalized diagnostics in remote regions. In addition to the interactive acquisition of objective data, PTCs make it possible to recommend person-centered programs for risk prevention, health promotion, and treatment within local healthcare organizations. Furthermore, assessment of individual adaptation potential in local healthcare settings facilitates the detection of impaired psychological adaptation. Artificial neural networks trained on large datasets are expected to enable automated emotion recognition and thereby further improve the quality of PTCs.

To identify the complex mechanisms of psychophysiological adaptation of a multinational crew (three women and three men) during prolonged isolation in a containment facility during the 120-day SIRIUS-19 experiment, a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of neurophysiological (using electroencephalography) and neurosemantic (using neurosemantic psychodiagnostics) indicators was conducted. The obtained data were viewed as a manifestation of complex psychophysiological adaptation to extreme conditions of activity and habitat. Constant tension caused by the combined effects of environmental factors, emotional experiences of separation from the familiar social context, lack of privacy, and the intercultural nature of intra-group interactions among the international crew members was directly reflected in the dynamics of electroencephalographic indicators. Periods of relative stabilization of the functional state of the brain, observed primarily in the second half of isolation, indicated the development of new adaptive strategies and psychological defenses.

Ganglion cells of the retina were studied as potential biomarkers of chronic stress in pilots of highly maneuverable aircrafts. We examined 120 pilots at the age of 24 to 45 years with flight time total from 52 to 1600 hours. Their controls were 79 men at the age of 24 to 45 years who did not have dangerous professions. Stress level in pilots was evaluated by biochemical markers including ESR, total cholesterol, high density lipids (HDL) and low density lipids (LDL). Stress tolerance index was calculated from the leucogram formula developed by L.H. Garkavi. Optic coherent tomography (OCT) was performed using RTVue-100 (Optovue, USA). Protocols of scanning the optic nerve head (ONH), optic nerve disc (3D Disc), ganglion cells complex (GCC) applied and their results were compared with the biochemical markers of the chronic stress. The observed considerable global loss of the ganglion cells (GLV%) reproduces specifics of the central nervous system adaptation to the extreme factors of piloting. The loss did not correlate with the biochemical status and was depended significantly on the total flight hours, pilot’s «training».

This study investigates the physiological mechanisms underlying voluntary regulation of body temperature using a combination of electroencephalography (EEG) and infrared thermography, with Tummo meditation—a practice within the system of tantric Buddhism—as a model. According to traditional Buddhist descriptions, this form of meditation is associated with inner fire generation. The dynamics of surface body temperature redistribution were examined across four sessions in a single experienced Tummo practitioner (a Tibetan monk) during meditation, as well as during its individual stages (specific breathing techniques and meditative visualization). Temperature dynamics were compared with changes in EEG spectral power in the α-band. The study was conducted under monastery conditions in the Himalayan region of India. The first two sessions were performed in December 2023 (room temperature +13°C), and the subsequent two sessions in October 2024 (room temperature +23°C). Physiological parameters were recorded during a pre-meditation control (resting wakefulness, 15 min), during meditation (25–40 min), and during a post-meditation control (15 min). EEG was recorded from 19 channels using a Mitsar-202 electroencephalograph, and spectral power in the α-band (8–12 Hz) was analyzed. Mean surface temperature values across 25 regions of the chest and abdomen were recorded using an infrared thermograph (IRTIS-2000 C, Russia). A statistically significant increase in abdominal surface temperature was observed during meditation and persisted into the post-meditation control period. In contrast, no statistically significant changes in surface body temperature were observed during the pre-meditation resting condition. Analysis of EEG spectral power revealed no statistically significant changes in α-band power before, during, or after Tummo meditation. Analysis of different meditation stages showed that the most pronounced increases in surface body temperature occurred during the bhumchen breathing technique accompanied by meditative visualization. However, EEG analysis did not reveal clear associations between changes in α-rhythm power and increases in surface body temperature.

The article considers the problem of psychological safety of the crews of manned interplanetary missions. Psychophysiological risks have been identified that can negatively affect the safe behavior of astronauts, the effectiveness of the flight program, which requires taking into account and carrying out special measures to minimize them during the organization and training of crews of interplanetary missions, as well as during psychological support in flight.

The paper is a history review of the Russian system of psychological support to space crews from the early steps of its construction to the period of real orbital missions of varying duration. The authors discuss the risks in missions outside the low Earth's orbits and aspects of keeping up the crew psychic state in mission and immediately after landing, and the risks the crews may encounter in the process of tripping to and staying on other planets. Analog studies are aimed to approbate and improve innovative psychological support technologies fitted with the revised concept of an exploration crew medical system.

The paper presents a brief survey of the IBMP-based studies with participation of test-subjects volunteered for isolation in closed chambers and mockups of space vehicles reproducing various factors and situations attending space missions. The authors outline the primary findings pertaining to effects of the multitude of isolation factors on human psychophysiology, physiology, biochemistry, immunology and microbiology. The obtained facts witness that there is good reason to pursue studies of the effects of confinement and controlled environment in the interests of medical support to crews on space missions beyond low-Earth orbits.

Advanced virtual reality products can be used to control robots in unexplored environments. One of the instances is virtual prototyping a human-machine system in view of the robotized lunar exploration in future. Piloting a lunar rover (LR) in EVA suits following a prolonged transit is a critical risk factor for successful mission accomplishment. Simulation of LR driving and operation scenarios in isolation studies is a way to get a more insight in the type of operations to be performed on the Moon and to update the virtual control model as novel navigation and positioning technologies appear. The investigation was an attempt to test the applicability of our model in the conditions reproducing some factors which, based on literature, will complicate operator's activities. Specifically, we were focused on the effects of hindered visibility and improvements that will be required as in the computer-generated VR technologies, so visualization tools. The point is that spatial orientation with the use of opto-electronic devices and multimedia systems will be successful provided a proper consideration is given to the VR effects on operator's behavior, activity and psychic condition. Studies of the human factor limitations with the help of virtual and augmented reality lay the ground for devising original approaches to the lunar rover operations both automatic and manual, and enhance the navigation and positioning capabilities in the event of visibility deterioration.

Psychological teleconsultations (PTCs) to people in remote regions of Russian are discussed in terms of current views, methods and procedures applied to evaluate the adaptation potential of patients with mental health disorders. Early detection of the risks to mental health of employees is based on awareness of criticality of the adaptation potential and mental adaptability for successful overcoming the hardships of psychosocial adaptation. High-quality PTCs enable recognition of emotional reactions and feedback about patient's mental condition. Analysis of the PTCs services provided during action of the COVID-19 restrictions demonstrated PTCs usability for personified diagnostics in remote regions. Besides the interactive objective data acquisition, PTCs can advice a person-centered program of risks prevention, health improvement or treatment in a local medical care organization. Moreover, personal adaptation potential evaluation in local medical care organizations will help in detecting a deteriorated psychic adaptation potential. Artificial neural networks trained using data corpora (Data sets) are likely to recognize emotions automatically and thus to perfect the PTCs quality.

Functioning of remotely-piloted (RP) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in extreme, poorly structured environments often calls for immediate intervention in order to prevent collisions with artificial or natural objects. Assessment of human reliability in complicated situations needs profession-relevant tests of spatial orientation particularly important for operators of unmanned vehicles. The immersive virtual environments dominate in development of remote-control technologies. The study analyzes approaches used in cognitive sciences to explore imagination of 2D and 3D virtual scenes and to get insight into the psychological aspects of spatial orientation. Psychological models can be employed in selection and setting work regulations for RP UAV’s operators.

The research is a complex experiment that had a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. An effective measurement of the parameters of the human body was examined on eight apparently healthy subjects during an exposure of 8 h in altered magnetic conditions. The results of the experiment did not reveal significant risks for the functional state of the human body with a decrease in the multiplicity of about 1000 times.

Introduction. Stress reaction in deadly scenarios is a systemic response of human body to the impact of extreme and acute psychotraumatic factors. The condition is associated with complete or partial loss of ability to perform tasks and can lead to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, new effective means and methods of stress correction in lethal force scenarios is a most urgent challenge for catastrophe medicine. The objective is to estimate the therapeutic efficacy of xenon gas mixtures in the treatment of different categories of employees exposed to occupational hazards, including acute stress. Methodology. A randomized controlled experimental study was conducted, involving 48 employees of law enforcement bodies and rescue operations professionals. Acute stress disorders were treated using a course of oxygen-xenon gas mixture inhalations (oxygen – 75 %, xenon – 25 %). Comprehensive medical and psychological examination allowed to monitor treatment efficiency. Results and discussion. Oxygen-xenon gas mixture inhalations contributed to normalization of systemic hemodynamics, improved parasympathetic activity and reduced sympathetic nervous system activity, leading to a significant reduction in the level of anxiety and improvement of psychopathological symptoms. Conclusion. The obtained findings provide extra evidence showing that xenon-based gas mixtures are a promise as a stress correction tool in patients exposed to lethal force scenarios and acute occupational hazard.

The authors made analysis of different aspects of using xenon and associated medical equipment as part of complex therapy and functional rehab of people working in dangerous occupations. Specifically, they examined the procedure safety depending on the breathing circuit closure level (open, semi-closed or closed) and formulated requirements to the inhalation monitoring process. The authors present the results of clinical observation of 60 patients at the age of 30 to 42 years with the history of stress-induced neurotic disorders such as anxiety, panic attacks, slight or moderate depression, and asthenic syndrome for periods from 3 months to 2 years.

The paper describes a technology of remote functional and cognitive monitoring that shows promise for aerospace, sport and extreme medicine, and psychology. The technology is based on analysis of single reactions to a variety of psychomotor tests and combined processing. The environmental factors such as noise, interference, and/or prompting introduced in a joint sequence (master test) provide more information about respondent's condition. The study involved 500 people including 40 respondents with registration of the auditory evoked potential during MT. Factor analysis of the whole data base has revealed the next three parameters that correlate with the most common interrelations of MT measures: stability, tranquility, efficiency (1); voluntary control (2) and level of conation (3). Analysis of the evoked potential demonstrated a relationship between the MT measures and brain activity patterns established from the neuropshycological evidence for the role of different brain regions in specific cognitive functions. Intricate individual structure of the aggregate of MT measures should be allowed for in the process of specifying a personal norm and optimal state, prognosticating individual and/or team effectiveness and possible critical functional changes. The client-server MT architecture enables remote selection of team members, on-line monitoring and prevention of negative developments in the functional and cognitive state of team.

The paper presents a computer toolset to simulate situations in which a cosmonaut has to decide on whether to choose an automated or vision assisted manual landing. A computer experiment was designed to reproduce lunar landscapes observed by cosmonauts from the landing module. Methodology of the virtual prototyping of landing on to the Moon was formulated in terms of visual environment mapping to the information need of cosmonauts. The mission critical point of decision-making on how to control landing was specified. Analysis of vertical takeoff and landing of both piloted and automatic space vehicles made possible description of navigation in low visibility, and substantiation of the use of 2D/3D synthetic vision systems in simulation of manual landing a helicopter-type vehicle in low visibility.

The review is focused on the applicability of virtual reality (VR) and 3D immersive technologies for isolation experiments of human–robot interaction during intravehicular activities (IVAs) and scenarios of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operations on a lunar station. The investigation resulted in the following: (1) a description of UAV prototypes for inspecting confined spaces on Earth, which makes it possible to reproduce the use of multicopter UAVs on the lunar station using VR tools; (2) justification for the use of autonomous UAVs during intravehicular activity (IVA) on the lunar station, taking into account the experience of developing NASA Free-Flyers Units Astrobee (FFU) on the International Space Station; (3) justification for the use of VR tools based on the original VirSim system in relation to IVA at the lunar station. The imitative VR models and suggested research tasks include the following: (1) UAV scenarios, routing, and scheduling, (2) modeling autonomous navigation and control (local positioning and navigation) inside the station, (3) manual piloting, (4) virtual and real control panels, (5) comparison of displays representing UAVs cameras stream, 2D-electronic maps, and real-time 3D-images, and (6) UAV scenarios for potential danger to the lunar station, and support of response to unexpected events. Knowledge from the isolation studies can substantiate guidelines on UAV operations aboard habitable lunar stations.

Drawing conclusions about the coronavirus infection risks and real-time decision-making is a primary duty of health-care professionals. The agent-based modeling of events allows look closely at expectable hazards and paths of immediate infection as the grounds for planning personal tactics of infection prevention. The event modeling transforms verbal information (objects, relations, factors etc.) in constructs of knowledge for computer analysis of COVID-19 contagion. The knowledge constructs or information ontology may be helpful to health-care professionals in bringing to people of risky occupations true information of hazards and validity of the existing rules and regulations.

The paper introduces the principles of an adjoint ideomotion method (AIM) for psychophysiological diagnostics based on a client – server distributed system within which information is communicated and measurement data filed with the help of commonly used smartphones. The authors discuss the issues of remote diagnostics automation and unification, application areas, and practical uses. Comparison of the results of questioning and AIM evidenced for advantages of the latter in respect to small populations and revealing symptoms undetectable by standard questionnaires.

In the SIRIUS-18/19 project, psychological, neurohormonal and metabolic adaptation to 120-d isolation was studied with participation of 3 male and 3 female subjects at the age of 28 to 44 years. Mood assessments and biochemical investigations attested to a moderate stress. After 63 days of the life in isolation, weighing showed a significant loss of the body fat mass; blood analysis pointed to activation of lipolysis and atherogenesis. Homeostasis was relatively stable despite mobilization of deposited fats and shifts in metabolic reactions. These changes in energy metabolism and reactions to the extreme factors should be taken into consideration during planning of future isolation studies in order to minimize potential cardiac risks.

Quantitative approaches based on mathematical modelling are used to justify a set of measures aimed at justifying a set of preventive measures to protect the life and health of older people in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of the state of development of actuarial mathematical models of mortality in the COVID-19 epidemic shows the need to construct models that reflect the dynamics of the studied ratios of infection rates, morbidity, recovery and mortality in the dynamics of the pandemic, taking into account the influence of external factors on this process. Most of the known mathematical models for predicting the spread and consequences of COVID-19 are compartmental models that implement sequential transitions between states with the allocation of groups of individuals with different affiliation to the progression/decline of the spread of infection. To compensate for the shortcomings of the compartmental models due to the assumption of population homogeneity and the lack of adequate approaches to the scalability of the simulation results, models based on the Monte Carlo method and the concept of multi- agent systems are used. The development of modelling methods is associated with the need to expand information support for healthcare professionals and health care organizers with the possibility of online configuration of parameters of mathematical models and the use of data from 3/4 cloud services with visualization of the results of modelling.