The Bekchiul pluton is located in the Lower Amur region and is a large granitoid body of complex structure within the Zhuravlevka-Amur terrain of the Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt. On the northwestern flank of the Bekchiul pluton there is the Mnogovershinnoe gold-silver deposit. To determine the formation time of this pluton, U/Pb dating was performed on zircons from the second-phase granodiorite of the Bekchiul complex and the third-phase granite. Granodiorite yielded U-Pb age of 73.8±0.4 Ma, and granite – 66.2±0.3 Ma. Some zircon grains found in granite have a U-Pb age of 75.6±0.6 Ma which is close to that of granodiorites. Magmatic pulses of about 76–73 Ma and about 66 Ma are synchronous with the stages of ore formation of the Mnogovershinnoe deposit, corresponding to earlier-obtained K-Ar age of adularia from ore zones. The formation of granitoids and the associated mineralization probably occurred due to subduction of the Izanagi Plate beneath the continental margin.

геНезИС гРаНаТоВ гРаНИТоИДоВ уСПеНСкого маССИВа (ЮЖНое ПРИмоРье) москаленко е.Ю.Дальневосточный геологический институт ДВО РАН, Владивосток,

Introduction. Slow fl uctuations in the volume and pressure of liquids in the cranial cavity have been known for a long time and have been studied for more than 100 years. However, their quantitative indicators and their practical signifi cance remain unclear until now due to the diffi culties of research. Nevertheless, it was found that they were connected with the brain activity, which made it possible to use them as one of the physiological indicators in studying the problems of manned space fl ights. Goal of research — to study the possibility of using spectral analysis of slow fl uctuations of the volume of liquids inside the cranium in order to realize the quantitative assessment of their indicators with the use of modern microelectronics and computer technology.Materials and methods. In order to solve this problem we created a complex, in which rheoencephalograph-RG-01 («Mizar») was used as a converter-modulator of physiological signals into electrical oscillations. The device was connected with the ADC (Firm «ADIstrument»), Its software allows to calculate the spectrogram with a sampling rate of 128 kHz. Studies were conducted on volunteers of younger, middle and older age groups. The respiratory rate and the electrocardiography were registered together with the rheoencephalography. Electrodes were fi xed on the volonteers′ fronto-mastoid area.Results. Slow fl uctuations the cranium representan independent physiological phenomenon. The most considerable and valuable were fl uctuations in 0,1–0,3 Hz. It was found that current frequency of 100 or 200 kHz and frequency for quantization of 80–100 kHz was optimal for performing their spectrograms. The structure of such diagram consists of 4–7 peaks with amplitude of 0,4–0,7 units compared with REG pulse amplitude. They depend on age and are characterized by hemispheric asymmetry. Spectral diagrams of slow fl ucation inside cranium are representing inpendent physiological phenomenon. These fl uctuations are not connected by common origin, with heart activity and respiration. They are connected by nature with brain activity and PRM.Conclusion. Can be an informative method for diagnostic and assessment of general status of osteopathic patients well as for the assessment of mechanisms of action of some osteopathic techniques.

This paper presents data on the geological position, geochemistry, age, and isotopic characteristics of the granitoids of the southern part of the Voznesenka terrane, Southern Primorye (Muraviev–Amursky Peninsula and its vicinities). All of the studied granitoids were formed in three stages: the Ordovician, Silurian, and Permian. The Silurian and Permian ages of the granitoid intrusions have been previously determined (Ostrovorussky Massif, 432–422 Ma, and 250 ± 4 Ma, early and late associations, respectively; Sedanka massif, 261 ± 3 Ma). The granites of the Artem and Nadezhdinsky massifs define an U–Pb zircon age of 481 ± 6 and 452 ± 4 Ma, respectively. The geochemical and isotope data show mainly the crustal nature of the granitoids. Their formation was related to melting of relatively immature rocks of the continental crust (mafic–intermediate volcanic rocks). The Nd isotope composition of the granitods (TNd(DM–2) = 1.3 Ga) indicates the absence of the mature ancient crust at the basement of the southern Voznesenka terrane. The maximum contribution of mantle sources to the granite formation is recorded in the Permian associations. A comparison of the peaks of intrusive magmatism in the southern part of the Voznesenka terrane and adjacent territories suggests that the formation of the granitoids of the Muraviev–Amursky Peninsula and its vicinities was caused by the interaction of continental blocks with two oceanic basins: the Paleoasian (and its fragments) and Paleopacific ones.

The paper addresses developmental features of the cerebrovascular reaction to functional tests as studied in volunteers of different ages without any signs of cerebrovascular pathology. Using transcranial Doppler sonography, it was shown that a significant decrease in the degree of manifestation of the cerebrovascular response to dosated functional loads occurs with age. A study of developmental features of this reaction to functional tests caused by autonomic regulation allowed distinguishing four types of its implementation: highly reactive, reactive, areactive and paradoxical. The data obtained support the informational significance of transcranial Doppler sonography and cerebrovascular reactivity for the identification of early changes in the state of the cerebrovascular system and its adaptive and compensatory abilities.

This paper describes the results from the application of spectral analysis to the interpretation of slow volume fluctuations inside the intracrania-spinal cavities, recorded during 3 minute data collection periods by a rheoencephalography (REG) method, using a bio-impedance current frequency of 100 kHz and a medial fronto-mastoidal electrode sending position. The collected data was processed with Chart 5 software to obtain the spectra for each recording. Participants were from three age groups 20-30, 30-45 and older than 45 years. 20-30 subjects from each group were investigated, as well as a number of subject patients with neurological pathology, treated with an osteopathic manual technique. 5-7 spectral peaks were revealed in the 0 – 0.3 Hz frequency range. Hemispheric asymmetry was observed in every age group after mean averaging analysis. In the cases of neural pathology the osteopathic treatment intervention changed the amplitude and frequency of the spectral peaks. This study’s results suggest that the application of spectral analysis to slow volume fluctuations may provide information in evaluating the integrative relationships of the cerebrovascular system, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mobility and cranial pulse compliance. This has implications for non-invasive measurement of the rate of brain function in neurologically normal and non-normal neurological states in humans.

The reoencephalographic method (REG) has been known for a number of decades. The history of this method includes loss of its popularity, years of oblivion and a second wave of recognition. Such a tumultuous history is common for methods based on physical principles, such as capacitance and resistance, when applied to physiology and medicine prior to serious preliminary investigations to establish indices for living tissues common to natural subjects. In this case because blood characterize by comparatively low electrical resistance it was concluded that the volume of blood and its circulatory processes could be monitored by this method. In reality this proved to be an over simplification. In particular, applying such methods to issues of cerebral circulation did not provide any significant understanding for medicine. Years passed before it was understood that CSF circulation played a significant role within the cranial cavity and that the REG signal reflected not only blood volume but also the volume of distribution between blood and CSF. Additionally it was found that the electrical conductivity of blood depends on its velocity of movement. These factors together with progress in electronics and application of computer techniques which allow for coupling of REG with other methods have given a "second birth" to the REG method which can become important to physiology and medicine. The new "face" of REG is introduced in the present paper.

A homogeneous reaction in 1% AcOH and a heterogeneous reaction in aqueous suspension were used to obtain N -succinylchitosan from chitosan and succinic anhydride. The 1 H NMR data indicated that both reactions resulted in selective acylation of the free amino group. Further experiments examined the effects of the main reaction parameters (temperature, reaction time, the ratio of the reagents, and chitosan preactivation) on the degree of succinylation of the product.

Process of circulatory-metabolic support of brain functioning is based on integration of cerebrovascular and CSF-circulatory systems as well scull mechanics, as united structural-functional system is accompanied by periodic volume--pressure fluctuations inside crania-spinal space. The frequency of them is widely variable (0.03-0.25 Hz), as well as its amplitude (0.3-1.2 of pulse wave value) and they exist in the most of its regions. Results of noninvasive studies of volunteers of groups (18-20 and 40-55 years old), that these fluctuations, reflect the functioning of the mechanism, responsible for brain circulatory metabolic supply, and the evaluation of these quantitative indices by means of spectral analysis with quantization 128 kHz could provide valuable information concerning functional integration of systems, responsible for circulatory-metabolic brain support.

We present new data on the geologic position, composition, and isotope characteristics of the Early Cretaceous granitoids of the Samarka terrane, Sikhote-Alin’, formed on a transform continental margin. Geological and geochronological data show that these granitoids were generated at two stages of magmatism: in the first half (Hauterivian–Barremian, 130–123 Ma) and second half (Albian–Cenomanian, 110–98 Ma) of the Early Cretaceous. Granitoids of the first stage form an autonomous (free of basic precursors) unimodal melanogranite–granite association and are characterized by normal alkalinity with domination of K over Na, low contents of Ca, and elevated contents of Al2O3. By composition, these are S-granites with a model Nd age of ∼1.3 Ga. Granitoids of the second stage are of more diverse petrogeochemical types. They show wider variations in K/Na and A/CNK, are richer in Ca and, sometimes, Sr, and are poorer in P than the granitoids of the first stage. Their compositions form a continuous trend from S- to I-granites, and their model Nd age is ≤1.2 Ga. Comparison of the petrochemical, trace-element, and isotope characteristics of the Early Cretaceous granitoids and upper-crustal rocks (sandstones and siltstones of the turbidite matrix of a Jurassic accretionary prism and basalts from the inclusions in it) of the Samarka terrane and the coeval garrboids has shown that the potassic S-granitoids formed at the early (Hauterivian–Barremian) stage of magmatism as a result of the anatexis of upper-crustal sedimentary rocks. At the late (Albian–Early Cenomanian) stage, the intrusion of mantle magmas led to a temperature increase in the lower crust, which favored more active anatexis, involvement of high-melting substrates (oceanic basalts) in the granite formation, and interaction of mantle and crustal magmas. This resulted in a great diversity of granitoids (from S- to I-type).

A long historical experience of monofrequency rheoencephalography (REG) showed its limited capabilities. The new approach is presented – multifrequency REG that is REG recording simultaneously at three frequencies - 16, 100 and 200 kHz. The different brain impedances received were analyzed on the base of equivalent electrical circuits of brain tissue. First, this enables to calculate intra-extracellular electrical component for evaluation of brain tissue hydration state by means of an original computational method. Second, dynamic cooperative analysis of multi-REG and transcranial Doppler pulsations provides the indices of intracranial CSF mobility (CSFm) and cranial compliance (CCe). Third, spectral analysis of processes recorded provides the new valuable information about regulatory processes and brain metabolism involved, and this enables to evaluate indirectly brain cognitive capabilities. Fourth, comparison of spectrum diagrams of slow intracranial volume fluctuations in ranges 0 – 0.3 Hz demonstrates their similarity both in healthy human and in awake rabbits, notwithstanding their rates differences of heart pulsations and respiratory chest movements. The application of this new approach to investigation of intracranial circulation in healthy humans of different ages and in neurosurgical patients showed its promising efficacy.

In order to evaluate the capabilities of NMR spectroscopy for investigation of the solvatochromic effect in luminophore solutions, the 1H NMR chemical shifts of Nile Red in mixtures of solvents with different polarities (benzene, toluene, methanol) has been determined. Their dependence upon the solvent mixture composition has been revealed and binding sites for luminophore and solvent component molecules have been determined. The results of the NMR study are consistent with data on the fluorescence of Nile Red solutions in toluene-ethanol mixtures.

New geological, petrochemical, mineralogical, and geochemical data are presented on the Uspensky granitoid massif in Southern Primorye. The massif consists of the rocks of two associations: (1) the early association (103.3 ± 2.4 Ma) consisting of garnet-bearing biotite and two-mica granite-leucogranites and (2) the late association (99 ± 2 Ma) represented by biotite (±amphibole) granodiorites, melanogranites, and granites. The granitoids of both associations have moderate potassic alkalinity and elevated alumina contents but differ in the proportions of alumina, calcium, and alkalis. The garnet-bearing granite-leucogranites are characterized by the highest Rb, Th, and U contents and the lowest Sr, Ba, Hf, and Zr contents. The REE distribution patterns have a quasi-symmetric shape and deep Eu minimums. The melanogranites show higher Sr and Ba contents and, as granites, are characterized by asymmetric REE spectrums with an insignificant negative Eu anomaly. The porphyraceous granodiorites and granites are peculiar in their lowered Sr and Ba contents, while the granodiorites have lowered contents of K, REE, Zr, Hf, Th, and U; elevated Nb contents; and a distinctive Eu minimum.

New geochemical data are discussed on the magmatic complexes of the Koksharovka alkaline ultrabasic massif of Late Jurassic age obtained by the ICP-MS method. Based on the first results on rare earth geochemistry of carbonatites and associating pyroxenites and geological observations, the magmatic origin of the Koksharovka carbonatites was substantiated, and the problems of formation of accompanying igneous rocks were considered.

Monodispersed core-shell particles 290–315 nm in diameter were prepared by seed emulsion copolymerization of styrene with divinylbenzene in the presence of luminophore-containing comonomers. The capability of the particles obtained to sorb toluene vapor was shown by solid-state 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy.

The sensitivity and selectivity of methyl methacrylate-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymers with respect to lower alcohol (methanol, ethanol, and propanol-2) vapors were examined by solid-state 13 C NMR spectroscopy. A comparative analysis was carried out for the capabilities of various spectral techniques for studying sorption processes in cross-linked polymer particles.

The mechanism of formation of rhythmic, slow-wave oscillations in the craniospinal cavity were studied. Synchronous bioimpedance traces were made of the head and lumbosacral part of the spine in five healthy young subjects at rest and during voluntary breath-holding; these reflect changes in the ratios of blood and CSF volumes in these parts of the craniospinal space. Computer amplitude-frequency and spectral analysis of the data (Macintosh G-4, Chart-5.2) demonstrated slow (6–12 cycles/min) and rapid (pulsatile) oscillations in different directions in the cranial and lumbosacral areas. These data suggested a hemoliquorodynamic hypothesis for the craniosacral rhythm. The pulsatile and slow-wave oscillations of cerebrovascular tone and intracranial pressure evidently initiate to-and-fro displacements of the CSF in the caudal direction. The associated tonic contractions of the musculature of the lumbar part of the spine and the mobility of the sacrum are detected manually as the craniosacral rhythm.

Biomechanical properties of the human skull affect its dynamic tensility (pliability or compliance) at changes of intracranial volume and pressure (ΔV/ΔP). The work substantiates a possibility of noninvasive and dynamic evaluation of cranial compliance by synchronous recording of transcranial dopplerogram of middle cerebral artery and cranial bioimpedance that provides information about pulsative changes of intracranial pressure and volume, respectively, with subsequent computer pattern and phasic analysis of these processes. The characteristic peculiarities of the cranial compliance at rest and during action of functional hemo- and liquorodynamic tests were traced in people of the middle (40–50 years) and elderly (70–85 years) age groups as compared with the young group (20–30 years). A relative decrease of this parameter has been revealed in the middle age group due to an increase of rigidity of skull bones and ligaments, which indicates a decrease of tolerance of the intracranial circulatory system. However, in the group of 70–85 years the compliance parameters rose due to an increase of intracranial liquor volume and activation of liquor circulation inside the craniospinal space, which is a compensatory mechanism for maintenance of the adequate brain circulatory-metabolic activity.