In Bangladesh, occupational engagement for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) is enriched by culturally grounded adaptations but shaped by enduring structural inequities and how assistive technology (AT) is integrated in daily life. In resource-limited settings marked by limited AT service provision, inaccessible infrastructure, and systematic exclusion, it is crucial to understand how AT facilitates occupational engagement, and thus occupational justice. This study explored how SCI individuals and their primary caregivers use AT to facilitate occupational engagement and identify which occupational rights they exercise in achieving occupational justice. Grounded in constructionist epistemology, 12 pairs of individuals with SCI and their primary caregivers from Bangladesh were purposively recruited. Data were collected through photo-elicitation focus group discussions. A constant-comparative analysis identified eight themes, which were mapped onto occupational rights under an occupational justice framework. 'Constructing occupational identity' and 'Finding personal significance in one's daily occupations' aligned with Meaning, 'Agency in occupational engagement' with Choice, and 'Harmonious distribution of time and effort' with Balance. Three themes, 'Creating occupational opportunities available in society', 'Ensuring tailored support to meet diverse needs', and 'Accessing opportunities of growth and development' corresponded to Participation. Lastly, 'Gaining attention and showcasing talent and competencies' introduced Visibility as a newly identified occupational right, underscoring the importance of societal recognition. AT plays a critical role in promoting occupational engagement for occupational justice. Findings uncover visibility as a key discovery, calling for policy reforms to enhance AT accessibility and recognize visibility as essential for societal inclusion. Au Bangladesh, l'engagement occupationnel des personnes vivant avec une l & eacute;sion de la moelle & eacute;pini & egrave;re (LME) est enrichi par des adaptations ancr & eacute;es dans la culture, tout en & eacute;tant fa & ccedil;onn & eacute; par des in & eacute;galit & eacute;s structurelles persistantes et par la mani & egrave;re dont les technologies d'assistance (TA) sont int & eacute;gr & eacute;es dans la vie quotidienne. Dans des contextes & agrave; ressources limit & eacute;es, caract & eacute;ris & eacute;s par une offre restreinte de services de TA, des infrastructures inaccessibles et une exclusion syst & eacute;mique, il est crucial de comprendre comment les TA facilitent l'engagement occupationnel et, par cons & eacute;quent, la justice occupationnelle. Cette & eacute;tude a explor & eacute; la mani & egrave;re dont les personnes vivant avec une LME et leurs proches-aidants utilisent les TA pour favoriser l'engagement occupationnel, ainsi que les droits occupationnels qu'ils exercent pour atteindre la justice occupationnelle. Ancr & eacute;e dans une & eacute;pist & eacute;mologie constructionniste, l'& eacute;tude a recrut & eacute; de fa & ccedil;on intentionnelle 12 dyades compos & eacute;es de personnes vivant avec une LME et de leur proche-aidant au Bangladesh. Les donn & eacute;es ont & eacute;t & eacute; recueillies au moyen de discussions de groupe fond & eacute;es sur la photo-& eacute;licitation. Une analyse comparative constante a permis d'identifier huit th & egrave;mes, qui ont ensuite & eacute;t & eacute; mis en correspondance avec les droits occupationnels dans le cadre d'un mod & egrave;le de justice occupationnelle. Les th & egrave;mes & laquo; Construire une identit & eacute; occupationnelle & raquo; et & laquo; Trouver une signification personnelle dans les occupations quotidiennes & raquo; s'alignaient avec la dimension du sens ; & laquo; L'agentivit & eacute; dans l'engagement occupationnel & raquo; correspondait au choix ; et & laquo; Une r & eacute;partition harmonieuse du temps et des efforts & raquo; renvoyait & agrave; l'& eacute;quilibre. Trois th & egrave;mes, & laquo; Cr & eacute;er des possibilit & eacute;s occupationnelles au sein de la soci & eacute;t & eacute; & raquo;, & laquo; Assurer un soutien adapt & eacute; pour r & eacute;pondre & agrave; des besoins divers & raquo; et & laquo; Acc & eacute;der & agrave; des occasions de croissance et de d & eacute;veloppement & raquo;, relevaient de la participation. Enfin, & laquo; Obtenir de l'attention et mettre en valeur ses talents et ses comp & eacute;tences & raquo; introduisait la visibilit & eacute; comme un droit occupationnel nouvellement identifi & eacute;, soulignant l'importance de la reconnaissance sociale. Les technologies d'assistance jouent un r & ocirc;le d & eacute;terminant dans la promotion de l'engagement occupationnel en vue de l'atteinte de la justice occupationnelle. Les r & eacute;sultats mettent en lumi & egrave;re la visibilit & eacute; comme une d & eacute;couverte centrale, appelant & agrave; des r & eacute;formes des politiques publiques afin d'am & eacute;liorer l'accessibilit & eacute; des TA et de reconna & icirc;tre la visibilit & eacute; comme un & eacute;l & eacute;ment essentiel de l'inclusion sociale. In Bangladesch wird das Eingebundensein in Bet & auml;tigung von Menschen mit R & uuml;ckenmarksverletzungen (SCI) durch kulturell verankerte Anpassungen bereichert, ist jedoch gepr & auml;gt von anhaltenden strukturellen Ungleichheiten und davon, wie assistive Technologien (AT) in den Alltag integriert werden. In ressourcenarmen Umgebungen, die durch ein begrenztes Angebot an AT-Dienstleistungen, barrierefreie Infrastruktur und systematische Ausgrenzung gekennzeichnet sind, ist es entscheidend zu verstehen, wie AT das Eingebundensein in Bet & auml;tigung und damit Bet & auml;tigungsgerechtigkeit f & ouml;rdert.Diese Studie untersuchte, wie Menschen mit SCI und ihre prim & auml;ren Betreuungs- bzw. Bezugspersonen AT nutzen, um das Eingebundensein in Bet & auml;tigung zu f & ouml;rdern, und identifizierte, welche Bet & auml;tigungsrechte sie zur Verwirklichung von Bet & auml;tigungsgerechtigkeit aus & uuml;ben. Auf der Grundlage der konstruktivistischen Erkenntnistheorie wurden 12 Paare von Menschen mit Querschnittsl & auml;hmung und ihren prim & auml;ren Betreuungs- bzw. Bezugspersonen aus Bangladesch gezielt rekrutiert. Die Daten wurden mittels Foto-Elizitation in Fokusgruppendiskussionen erhoben. Eine permanent vergleichende Analyse identifizierte acht Themen, die im Rahmen eines Frameworks zu Bet & auml;tigungsgerechtigkeit den Bet & auml;tigungsrechten zugeordnet wurden. & bdquo;Entwicklung von Bet & auml;tigungsidentit & auml;t" und & bdquo;Pers & ouml;nliche Bedeutung in den eigenen allt & auml;glichen Bet & auml;tigungen finden" entsprachen Bedeutung, & bdquo;Handlungsf & auml;higkeit im Eingebundensein in Bet & auml;tigung" entsprach Wahlfreiheit und & bdquo;Harmonische Verteilung von Zeit und Aufwand" entsprach Ausgewogenheit. Drei Themen, & bdquo;Schaffung von Bet & auml;tigungsm & ouml;glichkeiten in der Gesellschaft", & bdquo;Bedarfsgerechte Unterst & uuml;tzung f & uuml;r unterschiedliche Bed & uuml;rfnisse gew & auml;hrleisten" und & bdquo;Zugang zu M & ouml;glichkeiten f & uuml;r Wachstum und Entwicklung" entsprachen der Teilhabe. Schlie ss lich wurde mit dem Thema & bdquo;Aufmerksamkeit erlangen und Talente sowie Kompetenzen zur Geltung bringen" die Sichtbarkeit als neu identifiziertes Bet & auml;tigungsrecht eingef & uuml;hrt, womit die Bedeutung gesellschaftlicher Anerkennung unterstrichen wurde.Assistive Technologien spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der F & ouml;rderung des Eingebundenseins in Bet & auml;tigung im Sinne von Bet & auml;tigungsgerechtigkeit. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Sichtbarkeit ein zentraler Aspekt ist, und fordern politische Reformen, um den Zugang zu AT zu verbessern und Sichtbarkeit als wesentlich f & uuml;r die gesellschaftliche Inklusion anzuerkennen. En Bangladesh, la participaci & oacute;n ocupacional de las personas con lesi & oacute;n de la m & eacute;dula espinal (LME) se ve enriquecida por adaptaciones culturalmente situadas, pero tambi & eacute;n est & aacute; configurada por desigualdades estructurales persistentes y por la forma en que la tecnolog & iacute;a de asistencia (TA) se integra en la vida cotidiana. En contextos con recursos limitados, caracterizados por una provisi & oacute;n restringida de servicios de TA, infraestructuras inaccesibles y exclusi & oacute;n sistem & aacute;tica, resulta crucial comprender c & oacute;mo la TA facilita la participaci & oacute;n ocupacional y, en consecuencia, la justicia ocupacional. Este estudio explor & oacute; c & oacute;mo las personas con LME y sus cuidadores principales utilizan la TA para facilitar la participaci & oacute;n ocupacional e identificar qu & eacute; derechos ocupacionales ejercen en el logro de la justicia ocupacional. Basado en una epistemolog & iacute;a construccionista, se reclutaron intencionalmente 12 d & iacute;adas formadas por personas con LME y sus cuidadores principales en Bangladesh. Los datos se recopilaron mediante grupos focales con foto-elicitaci & oacute;n. Un an & aacute;lisis comparativo constante identific & oacute; ocho temas, que se vincularon con derechos ocupacionales dentro de un marco de justicia ocupacional. "Construir la identidad ocupacional" y "Encontrar significado personal en las ocupaciones cotidianas" se alinearon con el significado; la "agencia en la participaci & oacute;n ocupacional" con la elecci & oacute;n; y la "distribuci & oacute;n armoniosa del tiempo y el esfuerzo" con el equilibrio. Tres temas: "Crear oportunidades ocupacionales disponibles en la sociedad", "Asegurar apoyos ajustados para satisfacer necesidades diversas" y "Acceder a oportunidades de crecimiento y desarrollo" se correspondieron con la participaci & oacute;n. Finalmente, "Captar atenci & oacute;n y visibilizar talentos y competencias" introdujo la visibilidad como un derecho ocupacional recientemente identificado, subrayando la importancia del reconocimiento social. La TA desempe & ntilde;a un papel fundamental en la promoci & oacute;n de la participaci & oacute;n ocupacional para la justicia ocupacional. Los hallazgos sit & uacute;an la visibilidad como un hallazgo clave y plantean la necesidad de reformas en las pol & iacute;ticas p & uacute;blicas para mejorar la accesibilidad a la TA y reconocer la visibilidad como un elemento esencial para la inclusi & oacute;n social. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(spinal cord injury, SCI)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(assistive technology, AT)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)AT(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)AT(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)SCI(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)AT(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) 12 (sic)SCI(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), "(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)","(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic);"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic);"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic);"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)","(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)","(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), "(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).AT(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)AT(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).

Introduction: The frequency of natural disasters globally has increased, with Indonesia being a high-risk country for disasters. Children with disabilities and their families are more vulnerable during disasters. This study aimed to evaluate the experiences of parents of children with disabilities in Indonesia in relation to natural disaster preparedness.Methods: This qualitative descriptive study included participants from five regions. In-person and virtual interviews were conducted using a 12-question guided questionnaire focusing on children's daily living conditions, parental disaster experiences, and current disaster preparedness. All data were analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Twenty parents of children with a variety of disabilities were included in the study. The parents' experiences were categorised into four themes: (1) parents' understanding on disasters, (2) addressing children's needs in disasters, (3) function of physical and social environments, and (4) household readiness against disasters.Conclusion: Findings indicated that most parents do not have a specific plan regarding preparations for disasters. However, experiencing a disaster increased their awareness of the need to prepare for their children's unique needs. Effective disaster preparedness for parents of children with disabilities requires consideration of socio-cultural, political, economic, and ecological factors. Understanding families' disaster preparedness experiences highlights the essential role of occupational therapists in supporting parents of children with disabilities.

PURPOSE:To explore how occupational therapists integrate robotic hand exoskeleton therapy into routine occupational therapy practice for stroke rehabilitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This interpretive descriptive study was conducted in two occupational therapy services in Bangkok, Thailand. Participants included seven occupational therapists providing robotic hand exoskeleton therapy and nine people with stroke receiving the intervention as part of routine occupational therapy. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and structured observations of therapy sessions. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to explore therapists' clinical reasoning, clients' occupational experiences, and therapeutic practices. RESULTS:Five themes were constructed: (1) client readiness and motivation for robotic therapy; (2) time-limited integration within routine service constraints; (3) robotic task selection and adaptation; (4) therapist-supported engagement; and (5) occupational relevance and transfer. Robotic therapy was selectively introduced based on client readiness and motivation, adapted within time and service constraints, actively mediated by therapists during sessions, and variably connected to functional daily activities. CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that integration of robotic therapy into occupational therapy practice is shaped by therapists' clinical reasoning, organizational conditions, and client experiences rather than standardized protocols. Understanding these practice-based processes may help inform the implementation of rehabilitation technologies within similar routine stroke rehabilitation services.

Background: Community-based occupational therapy (CBOT) extends beyond traditional institutional care to address social, cultural, and environmental factors that influence health and participation. In Thailand, demographic shifts, the rise of non-communicable diseases, and gaps in the healthcare system underscore the potential of CBOT for meeting community needs. However, the extent to which occupational therapy (OT) practice in Thailand is implemented within community settings remains unclear. A clearer understanding of existing practices, key interventions, and emerging trends is therefore needed to guide policy, inform practice, and expand CBOT effectively. Objective: This scoping review aims to map current OT practice in Thai community settings. Specifically, it explores areas of practice, key interventions, and emerging trends, examining how they align with CBOT principles. By identifying gaps and opportunities, this review seeks to inform future research, practice, and policy development toward evidence-based CBOT. Materials and methods: Following Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework, a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and the Thai-Journal Citation Index Center was conducted. Articles published in English or Thai describing OT in Thai community settings were included, yielding 14 studies. Data extraction followed a structured template, and a content analysis was performed to identify thematic patterns. Results: Two overarching categories emerged: areas of practice and implementation strategies. The areas of practice primarily emphasized physical rehabilitation, particularly for stroke survivors, focusing on functional recovery and activities of daily living. Fewer studies addressed mental health, but those that did underscored the importance of social participation and caregiver education. Implementation strategies included improving functional recovery, collaborating with village health volunteers, integrating technology, and developing CBOT models. Conclusion: Occupational therapy in Thai community settings demonstrates promising practices, such as integrating village health volunteers and employing technology in rehabilitation. However, limited attention to mental health, underutilization of OT-specific skills, and uneven geographical distribution highlight areas for further development. Expanding community-based services to underserved regions and strengthening the evidence base-especially in mental health and policy engagement will be crucial for maximizing CBOT’s impact. Future research should explore diverse populations, assess model sustainability, and align current practices more firmly with evidence-based strategies.

Background: Handwriting is a crucial skill for elementary school students that involves complex subskills, including visual coordination, motor planning, cognitive abilities, and self‐regulation. To inform intervention plans and support occupational performance and participation, occupational therapists use occupational profiles and performance analysis to assess children’s strengths, weaknesses, handwriting performance, and school and personal contexts. Objective: This study is aimed at identifying and assessing the characteristics, as perceived by parents and teachers, that both facilitate and impede the improvement of children’s handwriting. Methods: We employed a qualitative approach with inductive content analysis and collected data via semistructured individual interviews following purposive sampling of parents and teachers ( N = 8) in Indonesia. The initial and subsequent interviews lasted 30–60 min and 20–40 min, respectively. Results: We analyzed the results based on two themes: (1) client factors that enhance handwriting abilities and (2) environmental factors that contribute to improving handwriting abilities. Psychological well‐being, cognitive abilities, and motor performance significantly influenced handwriting skills. Children with poor emotional control, boredom, lack of age readiness, and memory difficulties often struggled with writing. Additionally, underdeveloped fine motor skills contributed to impaired handwriting abilities. Conclusions: Our findings have significant implications for occupational therapists. It highlights the impact of motor‐related and external factors on handwriting abilities in children. The study suggests that occupational therapists can tailor interventions to children’s needs by understanding parents’ and teachers’ perspectives. Additionally, it underscores the importance of collaboration between parents, therapists, and teachers in improving handwriting skills and emphasizes the critical role of siblings and peers in enhancing children’s handwriting performance.

Introduction To promote international collaborative partnerships, the master's program in occupational therapy at Tokyo Metropolitan University was developed in English as a part of the Asian Human Resource Development Project (AHRD project) for Medical Professionals funded by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Objective and methods In this paper, we focus on describing key concepts underpinning its development and implementation, as well as its successes, and the challenges associated with building partnerships with educational institutions in Asian countries. The AHRD project was implemented to enable the development of human resources from Asian countries to acquire advanced medical skills in Tokyo and contribute to the improvement of medical skills in their home countries, and to act as a bridge between Tokyo and Asian countries and promote both global partnerships with educational institutions and students’ international awareness. Result and conclusion Through the AHRD project, graduates from the master's program are expected to contribute to the improvement of health professions in their home country. In addition, based on the network established through this project, we have deepened our ties with Asian countries, developed global education through the continued international exchange of faculty and students, and enabled the development of international collaboration in education and research.

Background: Radiodiagnosis is widely performed in medical institutions. All medical professionals, including nurses, are at risk of radiation exposure. This study developed an educational application for radiation medical professionals to visualize the distribution of scattered radiation using augmented reality.Materials and Methods: A Monte Carlo simulation code was used to simulate mobile chest and abdominal radiography. The calculation results were incorporated into an augmented reality application. The results of the Monte Carlo calculations were validated by comparing them with radiation measurements. An augmented reality application for tablet devices was developed in Unity that visualizes the scattered radiation dose.Results and Discussion: The application was developed by visualizing the distribution of scattered radiation in mobile radiography in augmented reality in three-dimensional real space. The calculation results were validated, and the error between the displayed radiation dose values and the measured radiation dose values was generally less than 10%.Conclusion: The developed application allows users to overlay quantitative values of imperceptible radiation exposure doses onto any real-world environment. This enables users to intuitively understand the relationship between the distance from a radiation source and the received dose, thereby contributing to a better understanding of radiation protection in clinical settings.

This study clarifies the factors behind the increasing need to employ senior high school students with developmental disabilities and mild intellectual disabilities. The study was based on the experience of vocational education teachers responsible for the career guidance of students with special needs. Snowball sampling was used, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 teachers. The Structure Laying Technique was used to reconstruct 23 concepts, including abilities necessary for employment - appropriate interaction with others, basic lifestyle, emotional stability, honesty, a positive attitude, and own ideas, and the existence of employment models. Vocational education is aimed at building willingness to work through activities with peers. School occupational therapists are expected to motivate students with special needs to work by interacting with other students and to contribute to family support.

PURPOSE:Social robots have shown positive effects in treating children with autism spectrum disorder. The development of social robots in Indonesia has enabled their potential use in occupational therapy. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the acceptance of the potential use of social robots by Indonesian occupational therapists in clinical practice. METHODS:This study employed a mixed methods explanatory sequential design. An adapted unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model was utilised for the quantitative phase. The questionnaire explored the acceptance of social robots. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews with reflexive thematic analysis were conducted. The second phase aimed to explain the reasons behind the quantitative results and factors related to the acceptance of social robots in therapy. RESULTS:Occupational therapists showed high interest in using social robots in their sessions, as indicated by the significant positive relationship between performance expectancy and potential use. Three influential factors affecting acceptance emerged in the qualitative phase: occupational therapists' characteristics and competencies, social robots and occupational therapy interventions, and environmental influence. CONCLUSIONS:Indonesian occupational therapists have shown interest in using social robots. However, there are challenges regarding the practical application of social robots concerning individual differences in the factors that influence acceptance.

Importance: In this scoping review, we explore the meaning of occupation for people with advanced cancer to develop and improve occupation-based services in oncology. Objective: To identify the meaning(s) of occupation for adults with advanced cancer through relevant peer -reviewed literature. Data Sources: Scopus, CINAHL, Medline, and PubMed were used to identify peer-reviewed articles published between 2011 and 2021. Study Selection and Data Collection: Inclusion criteria comprised research studies in English and on meaningful occupations as well as participants age 19 yr or older and diagnosed with advanced cancer. Exclusion criteria comprised non-English publications, studies with participants in an early stage of cancer, and gray literature or nonreviewed articles. Findings: Thirteen articles matched the inclusion criteria: 9 qualitative studies, 1 mixed-methods study, 1 case study, 1 pilot study (pretest-posttest design), and 1 retrospective study (review of clinical data). Four themes emerged from the thematic analysis: occupation benefits important relationships and connections with others, occupation as a source of physical or psychological comfort, managing one's identity through occupation, and occupation as a religious expression. Conclusions and Relevance: This scoping review highlights the value of participating in an occupation for people with advanced cancer. It also shows the importance of meaningful occupations to the quality of life and well-being of adults with advanced cancer. What This Article Adds: This scoping review identifies meanings of occupation linked to the health and well-being of adults with advanced cancer to develop and improve occupation-based services in oncology.

Occupational therapists (OTs) play a significant role in assistive technology (AT) services. The personal perspective of OTs could affect the provision of AT services. Understanding the relationship between the perspectives of OTs and the provision of AT services to older adult clients is crucial to this study. The study was conducted in the form of rapid narrative analysis. Seven articles of four categories were found and analyzed. The categories are perspective on practice, facilitators, barriers, and needs. OTs provide AT services to older adult clients as part of a person-centred care approach; however, limited follow-up care, timing, and awareness were cited as barriers to AT services delivery. Caregiver involvement is a potential factor for AT services delivery. Although, education and training on the use of the AT are required. It's important to note that, there is no relevant data from low and middle-income countries.

New types of wheelchairs are being introduced in the market to maximize opportunities for children to participate in meaningful occupations. However, interventions to support the inclusion of children with mobility limitations by using mobility support are desirable as these children continue to experience barriers to community and school participation, happiness, and inclusion. Little is known about the training programs and interventions designed to effectively integrate wheelchair use into the occupations of children with mobility limitations. This rapid review identified 10 studies addressing programs and interventions to equip children with mobility limitations with wheelchair-related skills and competencies. Three overarching themes, including (1) technology-mediated simulation, (2) custom-made wheelchairs, and (3) skills training and exercises, based on the type of intervention were identified. The development, safety, and playfulness of children with mobility limitations are crucial factors when providing wheelchair-related interventions.

Purpose. To investigate the usability of public play spaces for children with disabilities by exploring their experiences in accessing and using these spaces and to further discuss recommendations for designing such spaces that are usable for these children. Methods. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was employed to explore the experience of children with disabilities regarding the public play spaces. Seven children and their caregivers from two inclusive elementary schools in Central Java Province, Indonesia, participated in the study. Online semistructured interviews with the children were held using Zoom, followed by telephonic interviews with their parents. In addition, video recordings of the observation of the children’s participation in the play spaces were gathered. The interview and video observation data were analyzed using van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenology thematic analysis method. Results. Five themes arose regarding the experiences of children with disabilities of accessing and using the public play spaces: (1) where time appeared to speed up, (2) “I like the tall one … I like extreme,” (3) fostering connectedness, (4) the need for a safe space, and (5) how a play space should be. Conclusion. The public play spaces have meaningful values for the children with disabilities and their family, as they offered the opportunities to play, explore, interact with friends and families, enjoy nature, interact with animals, and learn. However, it is essential to provide a safe space in which children are free from physical and emotional harm, so that they can fully participate with confidence and a sense of autonomy. Nevertheless, it was also found that children, regardless of their abilities, craved risky and challenging play opportunities. This study also highlights the necessity of awareness-raising intervention programs to foster the inclusion of children with disabilities in public play space settings.

It is important to consider a sensorimotor approach in handwriting for improving basic performance skills such as visual-motor integration, visual perception, hand manipulation, and motor planning. This study aimed to highlight occupational therapists' experiences and perspectives on the use of a sensorimotor intervention among second-grade students with handwriting difficulties regarding Arabic characters. This study employed semi-structured individual interviews, through purposive sampling, of occupational therapists (N = 5) in Indonesia. The first interview lasted 60 to 80 minutes, while the second lasted 15 to 20 minutes. A qualitative study with inductive content analysis was used to analyze the data based on two themes from the research aims: sensorimotor intervention for handwriting difficulties with Arabic characters and clinical consideration of developing a handwriting program. From the occupational therapists' experiences, by strengthening performance components of handwriting and providing occupation-based graded activity, a sensorimotor intervention might improve the handwriting performance of students with difficulty regarding Arabic characters. Furthermore, when developing a handwriting program, the therapist must consider client and environmental factors.

Background The sociocultural phenomenon affecting daily occupations of hospitalised children with cancer in a diverse country like Indonesia is thought-provoking and requires exploration. Objective This study aims to explore the sociocultural contexts related to daily occupations of children with cancer during hospital admittance from the parents' perspective. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of children with cancer who had been hospitalised for two weeks or more. The data were collected at the paediatric ward of "Dharmais" National Cancer Center Hospital, Jakarta. The study uses interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Results Nine parents of children with cancer consented to the study. Three interconnected themes emerged as necessary to the sociocultural context among participants. These involve 'The surrounding human environment as primary encouragement', 'Culture and spirituality as the basic standard' and 'Activity adjustments as new habits'. Conclusions The themes revealed that the daily occupations of hospitalised children with cancer are strongly encouraged by family and social systems in Indonesia, spiritual aspects of the parents and the occupational changes due to the new settings.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an ‘elementary school participation checklist’ for children with developmental disorders requiring special needs education.Methods: A pilot version was used to survey 539 parents of elementary school students, including children who were suspected of having developmental disabilities. Thereafter, the results were factor-analyzed and a checklist was created. The results of 10 children with developmental disorders who are currently under special needs education were compared.Results: After excluding items with a factor loading of less than 0.5, a refined 15-item version checklist was created. The median total scores for elementary school students and children with developmental disorders were 22 and 33 points, respectively.Conclusion: Cronbach’ s alpha coefficients for each of these separate factors were 0.7 and above, confirming construct validity and internal consistency. Further research of criterion-related validity will be necessary to investigate the use of this checklist as a scale.

Rationale. Sedentary activities are perpetuated by aging and the COVID-19 pandemic. While demands for video games grow, few studies explored the potential of virtual reality (VR) games to promote sports engagement and health among young adults. Objective. To examine sports engagement and health changes of young adults when utilizing a VR sports game and investigate the relationship between sports engagement and health. Method. This study used a single-group design with 20 participants, aged 19–29 years, with no preexisting health conditions. The VR game “Sports Scramble” was used thrice within a span of one week. Outcomes sought include sports engagement and health, measured through the Sports Engagement Scale (SES) and Short Form 36 (SF-36), respectively. Results. A significant difference ( p < 0.001 ) was found between the pre-posttest scores of the SES. Moreover, a positive trend was observed in terms of health with a significant difference ( p < 0.05 ) between pre-posttest scores of the SF-36’s vitality dimension. There were positive correlations among the dedication and vigor subscales of the SES with the dimensions of health. Conclusion. This study showed the potential of VR sports games in positively influencing sports engagement and health among participants with the vigor and dedication positively influencing health. Future studies may involve the exploration of the effectiveness of VR to promote engagement and health through a randomized controlled trial with a longer timeframe and across various populations.

Purpose Occupational therapists are crucial in providing assistive technology (AT) services for older adults. However, evidence has shown limited provision of such services in Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence the implementation of AT services for older adults from the perspectives of Thai occupational therapists.Methods An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was guided by the measurement instrument for determinants of innovations and literature review. This study was conducted in two phases: quantitative and qualitative. During the quantitative phase, an adapted version of the Measurement Instrument for Determinants of Innovations was administered to 96 occupational therapists (OTs). A subsample of 5 OTs completed a semi-structured interview during the qualitative phase to explain the findings in the quantitative one.Results Factors were categorized into three sections: personal, organizational and socio-political context levels. At the personal level, integrating knowledge and experience could contribute to awareness and professional competency. Client satisfaction influenced OTs to utilize AT, based on a client centred manner. With coordinator and performance feedback within the organization, OTs indicated that consultants supported them in their decision-making. In contrast, availability of AT for older adults is determined by time and resources. Moreover, at the socio-political context level, legislation and regulations may permit or prohibit accessibility of assistive devices.Conclusion In order to address current challenges, education or training programmes are needed to increase the awareness and competence of OTs. In addition, collaboration with other professionals in community settings is necessary to improve access to AT services.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONAT service for older adults is limited by the availability of time and resources. To handle with these challenges, occupational therapists could advocate for village health volunteers to be a part of the AT services for older adults in the community to increase AT accessibility for older adults.Additional education or training programs should be developed to build competencies and increase occupational therapists' awareness of providing AT services to older adults, as well as to strengthen their roles in AT services.Future research and health policies should focus on access to sufficient funding, and resources for occupational therapists relative to their role in implementing AT services.