Climate change poses a threat to both the natural habitat and the sustainable production of Euryale ferox, a valuable aquatic crop. To address this issue, our study employed an optimized Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model to project the climatic suitability of E. ferox distribution in China for the 2030-2070 s under four climate scenarios. Utilizing 130 occurrence records of E. ferox and 20 ecological factors, we identified four primary factors influencing the distribution of E. ferox. The optimal conditions for E. ferox include elevations below 184.8 m, the temperature of the warmest season exceeds 25.7°C, the precipitation of the wettest month ranging between 167 and 718 mm, and precipitation over 9.5 mm in the driest month. The accuracy of the MaxEnt model predictions was comprehensively evaluated by the area under the ROC curve (AUC = 0.942) and the true skill statistic (TSS = 0.783), indicating its effectiveness in forecasting suitable environments. We also found that the current areas of highly and moderately suitable habitats are 0.909 × 105 km2 and 3.324 × 105 km2, respectively. Compared to the current scenario, future projections indicate a significant increase in suitable areas. Furthermore, except for SSP245, the distribution centroid is projected to move southwestward then northward under other climate scenarios. These findings suggest that climate change may broadly benefit the expansion of E. ferox, offering critical insights for the formulation of regional conservation and cultivation strategies.

Cadmium ion (Cd2+) stress is a major abiotic stressor affecting plant photosynthesis. However, the impact of sustained high-concentration Cd stress on the photosynthetic electron transport chain of aquatic plants is currently unclear. Here, prompt fluorescence (PF), delayed fluorescence (DF), and P700 signals were simultaneously measured to investigate the effect of Cd stress on photosynthesis in water dropwort [Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.]. We aimed to elucidate how Cd stress continuously affects the electron transport chain in this species. The PF analysis showed that with prolonged Cd stress, the FJ, FI and FP steadily decreased, accompanied by a positive shift in the K-band and L-band. Moreover, JIP-test parameters, including TRO/ABS, ABS/CSO, TRO/CSO and PIABS, were significantly reduced. The P700 signals showed that exposure to Cd stress hindered both the fast decrease and slow increase phases of the MR transient, ultimately resulting in a gradual reduction in both VPSI and VPSII−PSI. The DF analysis showed a gradual decrease in the I1 and I2 values as the duration of stress from Cd increased. The above results suggested that Cd stress affected the photosynthetic electron transport in water dropwort by influencing the amount of active PSII and PSI, primarily affecting PSII RCs in the early to mid-stages and PSI reductive activity in the later stage.

In order to study the genetic diversity breeding of aquatic plant Euryale ferox Salisb, this paper developed Euryale ferox Salisb EST-SSR marker by transcriptome sequencing technology, and 86 829 Unigenes were screened. Then we got 9 640 SSR loci from transcriptome by using the software MISA, accounting for 11.10% of all the Unigenes, the average distributing distance is about 7.65 kb. The Di and Trinucleotide are the major repetitive types in Euryale ferox Salisb transcriptome, accounting for 61.88% and 21.55% of all the SSRs, respectively. There are 226 repeat motifs were detected, of which A/T, AG/CT and AAG/CTT were high frequency repeat motifs, accounting for 1.25%、50.87% and 6.51% of all repeat motifs, respectively. The SSR motif length is centered in 12~20 bp, while the number of SSR over 20 bp was 717, accounting for 7.44%. 11 pairs of SSR primers were successfully designed and screened. The results showed that the SSR loci of the Euryale ferox Salisb transcriptome were higher in frequency, rich in type, which could serve as foundation for the further development of SSR markers and genetic diversity.

In order to elucidate the genetic background of Euryale ferox resources in china,10 germplasm samples of E.ferox were used as materials to analyze genetic diversity and relationships by SSR marker and seed quality.Based on the amplification and detection results of 10 SSR primer pairs across the 10 materials,a total of 29 bands and 28 polymorphic bands were amplified,with a polymorphism percentage of 96.6%.In cluster analysis,the average Nei&Li similarity coefficient was 0.580 3,and 10 materials were divided into 4 groups at the genetic coefficient of 0.57.Utilizing seed quality trait analysis,the average Euclidean genetic distance among 10 germplasm was 4.057 5,and 10 materials were divided into 3 groups at the Euclidean genetic distance of 3.50.This study clarified the genetic distance between existing E.ferox resources and the DNA fingerprint of 10 E.ferox materials were constructed by SSR markers.

在当前乡村振兴战略背景下,区域农产品公用品牌建设是产业兴旺的关键一环.苏州作为一个沿海发达城市,在工商业蓬勃发展的同时始终兼顾农业的高质量发展,引导企业参与品牌建设,完善企业生产管理模式,发展区域公用品牌农业,打造出一批享誉国内外的农产品品牌,取得了良好的经济和社会效益.在后期发展过程中,应进一步提升政府在区域公共品牌开发中的指引作用,完善农产品质量监控体系,健全区域公共品牌建设人才培养机制,挖掘品牌文化内涵,推动产业转型升级.

Occupation of living space is one of the main driving forces of adaptive evolution, especially for aquatic plants whose leaves float on the water surface and thus have limited living space. Euryale ferox, from the angiosperm basal family Nymphaeaceae, develops large, rapidly expanding leaves to compete for space on the water surface. Microscopic observation found that the cell proliferation of leaves is almost completed underwater, while the cell expansion occurs rapidly after they grow above water. To explore the mechanism underlying the specific development of leaves, we performed sequences assembly and analyzed the genome and transcriptome dynamics of E. ferox. Through reconstruction of the three sub-genomes generated from the paleo-hexaploidization event in E. ferox, we revealed that one sub-genome was phylogenetically closer to Victoria cruziana, which also exhibits gigantic floating leaves. Further analysis revealed that while all three sub-genomes promoted the evolution of the specific leaf development in E. ferox, the genes from the sub-genome closer to V. cruziana contributed more to this adaptive evolution. Moreover, we found that genes involved in cell proliferation and expansion, photosynthesis, and energy transportation were over-retained and showed strong expression association with the leaf development stages, such as the expression divergence of SWEET orthologs as energy uploaders and unloaders in the sink and source leaf organs of E. ferox. These findings provide novel insights into the genome evolution through polyploidization, as well as the adaptive evolution regarding the leaf development accomplished through biased gene retention and expression sub-functionalization of multi-copy genes in E. ferox.

夏秋美味是以雄性不育系EC-2为母本,以自交系312为父本配制而成的中晚熟菜薹一代杂种.株型半直立,生长势强,基叶阔卵圆形、嫩绿色;主薹粗壮、绿色,覆轻微蜡粉,薹长29 cm左右,单薹质量82 g左右,薹质细腻甜糯,商品性好;抽薹整齐,可一次性采收,也可主侧薹兼收,VC含量577.0 mg·kg-1,可溶性糖含量2.22％,粗纤维含量0.6％,每667 m2产量2300 kg左右,适宜苏南及其周边地区种植.

为了满足市场对于矮生樱桃番茄品种观赏性、高糖度和食用性强的需求,经多年选育,苏州市农业科学院培育成了矮生适宜盆栽樱桃番茄新品种"黄晶".品种表现:品质好,不易裂果,糖度在8左右,株高约30 cm,开展度约40 cm,熟性早,适宜盆栽,观赏性好;植株耐寒性比较强,抗病性较强,无论大田生产或盆栽均易成活."黄晶"是水果型蔬菜,花呈金黄色,果实小巧美艳,口感酸甜,可作为微型盆景,也可在大田或路边地种植.最后,从播种、定植、病害防治等方面介绍了"黄晶"的盆栽技术.

芡实是苏州"水八仙"之一,有悠久的栽培历史,并派生了丰富多彩的水乡文化.对苏州芡实栽培历史、文化发展进行了阐述,分析了苏州芡实产业目前存在的问题,并就苏州芡实产业发展中文化利用层面提出了建议,为充分挖掘苏州特色水生蔬菜芡实的文化资源,拓展、利用其休闲观光功能提供参考.

Trapa(Lythraceae) is an aquatic plant genus widely distributed in the old world. AlthoughTrapaspecies have great edible and medical value, studies related to species identification and utilization are still lacking. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast genome sequence of a cultivated species,T. bicornis.The chloroplast genome size ofT. bicorniswas 155,539 bp, consisting of a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (24,386 bp), separated by a large single copy (LSC) region (88,493 bp) and a small single copy (SSC) region (18,274 bp). A total of 130 genes were annotated, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogenomic analysis supported the monophyly ofTrapa, and a sister relationship betweenT. bicornisandT. natans.

Lake Taihu is the third largest freshwater lake located in eastern China. In recent years, it has experienced extensive cyanobacterial (Microcystis spp.) blooms that produce toxic microcystins (MCs), which may have acute and chronic hepatotoxic effects in animals and humans. Although the impact of MCs on both terrestrial and aquatic plants is well documented, the effects and underlying mechanisms of the harmful toxin MC-LR on Euryale ferox Salisb seedlings have rarely been reported. Thus, herein, the antioxidant response mechanisms and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites during the exposure of E. ferox Salisb seedlings to varying MC-LR concentrations (0.05, 0.2, 1, and 5 μg/L) were thoroughly investigated after exposure periods (7, 14, 21 d). Our study revealed that the seedling growth was inhibited with increasing MC-LR exposure concentration that significantly induced at 1 μg/L and reached a maximum level at 5 μg/L, whereas the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) in the seedling cells increased gradually with increasing MC-LR concentration and longer exposure time. The maximum malondialdehyde (MDA) content was 4.3-fold higher than that of the control group under an MC-LR concentration of 5.0 μg/L after 7 days of exposure treatment. The study of the seedling detoxification mechanism revealed that the content of total glutathione (tGSH) and reduced glutathione (GSH), as well as the activities of GSH sparse transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR), increased to varying degrees and reached a maximum level at 1 μg/L. Therefore, the exposure to MC-LR can promote the accumulation of secondary metabolites and increase the activities of secondary metabolic enzymes in the seedlings. Further investigation of these antioxidative mechanisms will provide additional information for the identification and development of bio-indicators to evaluate the environmental impact of MCs on aquatic ecosystems.

Background: Euryale ferox Salisb., an annual aquatic plant, is the only species in the genus Euryale in the Nymphaeaceae. Seeds of E. ferox are a nutritious food and also used in traditional Chinese medicine (Qian Shi in Mandarin). The molecular events that occurred during seed development in E. ferox have not yet been characterized. In this study, we performed transcriptomic analysis of four developmental stages (T1, T2, T3, and T4) in E. ferox seeds with three biological replicates per developmental stage to understand the physiological and biochemical processes during E. ferox seeds development. Results: 313,844,425 clean reads were assembled into 160,107 transcripts and 85,006 unigenes with N50 lengths of 2052 bp and 1399 bp, respectively. The unigenes were annotated using five public databases (NR, COG, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, and GO). In the KEGG database, all of the unigenes were assigned to 127 pathways, of which phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was associated with the synthesis of secondary metabolites during E. ferox seed growth and development. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) as the first key enzyme catalyzed the conversion of phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid, then was related to the synthesis of flavonoids, lignins and alkaloid. The expression of PAL1 reached its peak at T3 stage, followed by a slight decrease at T4 stage. Cytochrome P450 (P450), encoded by CYP84A1 (which also called ferulate-5-hydroxylase (F5H) in Arabidopsis), was mainly involved in the biosynthesis of lignins. Conclusions: Our study provides a transcriptomic analysis to better understand the morphological changes and the accumulation of medicinal components during E. ferox seed development. The increasing expression of PAL and P450 encoded genes in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis may promote the maturation of E. ferox seed including size, color, hardness and accumulation of medicinal components.

水芹又名蒲芹、蜀芹,是伞形花科水芹属多年生水生蔬菜.水芹原产中国,在我国分布极广,多为野生,亦有人工栽培,其中以长江流域种植面积较为集中.主要栽培地区分布在江、浙、皖、赣、鄂等地,优良品种和栽培方法各异,形成了不同形式的水芹生产模式.

对苏州地区栽培的7个菱角品种开展了田间栽培对比试验.结果表明,两角早红菱和金华早青菱在生育期、产量和感官品质方面较其他品种有明显优势,适合作为鲜食品种在当地栽培推广;红绣鞋的单果质量、单果肉质量、可食率及淀粉含量在所有品种中表现最为突出,且产量较高,适宜用作熟食和加工成淀粉.

番茄是盆栽蔬菜的首选品种之一,尤其是樱桃番茄更受盆栽生产者和种植爱好者的欢迎.本文作者介绍了盆栽樱桃番茄种植管理方法.

对芡实种子成熟过程中碳水化合物代谢进行了研究.结果表明:种仁还原糖含量从花后10~25d持续下降,下降幅度达31.6%~58.9%;可溶性总糖含量均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,白花南芡和白花北芡在花后15d总糖含量最高,而紫花南芡、红花南芡和紫花北芡在花后20d总糖含量达到峰值.芡实种子贮藏物质主要为淀粉,发育过程中总淀粉、直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量均呈增加趋势,其中北芡直链淀粉含量高于南芡,花后25d紫花南芡总淀粉含量最高.支链淀粉含量与直链淀粉含量的比值变化具有明显的阶段差异与品种差异.

姑苏芡5号由紫花苏芡与紫红花刺芡杂交选育而成.中熟,植株生长势中等,无刺,抗叶瘤病能力较强;单株结果数12只左右,果实圆球形,直径11.5厘米,单果重500克,平均单果籽粒数125粒;籽粒嫩熟时呈鲜黄色,老熟时呈土黄色,籽粒直径1.5厘米,米仁直径0.95厘米,种壳厚0.28厘米;米仁占籽粒重26.5％以上,芡米可溶性糖含量高,口感糯,品质佳.每亩产鲜芡米80公斤.

Gusuqian No.1 is a new cultivar developed by using the consecutive pedigree selection breeding method and taking Zihuasuqian (purple flowering cultivar) as female parent and Zihuaciqian (purple flowering cultivar with thorns) as male parent. It is early maturing, its property is similar to Zihuasuqian. The color of matured seeds is red brown, and the yield of fresh kernels is about 90 kg/667 m2, its yield was 68.3% higher than Zihuaciqian. Gusuqian No.1 is suitable to cultivate in the open fields in spring.

1主要品种<br>　　1.1白芹<br>　　苏州地方品种。早熟，株高45 cm左右，叶柄长30～35 cm，叶柄绿白色，二回羽状复叶，小叶卵圆形、顶部尖、黄绿色，叶缘浅、缺刻。生长快，较耐热，采收早，纤维少，香味浓郁，品质佳。适宜浅水栽培和早熟栽培，一般667 m2产量4000 kg左右。

随着设施蔬菜栽培面积的逐步扩大,近几年设施栽培技术也延伸到了以种植水生蔬菜为主的吴中区、吴江区等地区.苏州市蔬菜所与吴江同里生元合作社共同探索研究了"一熟茭—豆瓣菜—藕莲—芡实—水芹"两年五熟高效设施栽培模式.该模式各茬口衔接合理,不仅有效提高了土地利用率,而且年经济效益也显著增长.