[Research purpose]Clarifying the configuration path of the high-impact influence factors of think tanks has great significance for the rise of think tanks’ impact. [Research method]Based on the theory of political system, the framework of influence factors of think tank influence is constructed.7 variables were selected as the antecedent conditions of think tank influence according to the analysis framework, and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis was adopted to analyze the 48 think tank cases to identify the high-impact configuration path of think tanks.[Research conclusion]The study found that single influencing factor does not constitute a necessary or hindering condition for the improvement of the impact of think tanks, but low information ability has a certain hindering effect on the improvement of the influence of think tanks, strong management ability has a powerful role in promoting the impact of think tanks. The high-influence configuration path of think tanks includes information-driven type, dissemination and advocacy type, and research and counseling type. Different think tanks can choose their own impact promotion path according to their own conditions.

[研究目的]系统梳理国外智库评价的进展和趋势,为后续智库评价提供理论和实践参考,为完善我国智库评价体系提供借鉴.[研究方法]对国外智库评价研究和实践进行分类归纳和述评,并基于影响力、透明度和绩效三个评价角度详细阐述了国外智库评价实践.[研究结论]研究表明,理论基础薄弱是国外智库评价的短板;影响力评价实践在认可度方面遇到了一定阻力;透明度评价随国际形势变化逐渐受到重视;绩效评价取得了较好的评价效果但仍需要更多的研究与实践.探究智库评价的理论基础和更多评价视角的转换具有较大的研究价值.

[目的/意义]深入分析世界一流环境智库斯德哥尔摩环境研究所的管理机制和研究机制,为我国的智库建设提供参考和借鉴.[方法/过程]对斯德哥尔摩环境研究所进行网络调研,对其组织管理模式和架构、人员构成、研究主题设置、产品体系、质量控制系统和研究发展战略等进行深入剖析,总结管理模式和研究机制特点.[结果/结论]斯德哥尔摩环境研究所拥有专业化和国际化的人力资源、高效的研究组织模式、前瞻性的选题和全流程质量控制机制、丰富和多样化的产品体系,对我国智库的建设和发展具有重要参考价值.我国智库尤其是环境智库应该借鉴其特点,完善组织管理机制,重视国际合作和协同研究,提升智库产品质量,丰富智库产品体系,从而多维度提升自身影响力.

[目的/意义]高校智库建设归根结底是其能力建设,本研究系统构建高校智库能力体系,为高校智库能力的提升提供参考和借鉴,加快我国高校智库建设进程.[方法/过程]本文根据决策理论、政策过程理论以及高校智库的本身运行特点,构建高校智库的运行框架,并依据运行框架构建高校智库能力体系,依据高校智库能力体系归纳总结我国高校智库能力的现状.[结果/结论]高校智库能力体系要素分为基础能力、情报能力、成果产出和创新能力、政治能力和服务能力,高校智库基础能力雄厚,而情报能力、成果产出和创新能力、政治能力和服务能力均存在不足之处.高校智库应该重视情报;坚持学术导向,学术研究与政策研究并举;以咨政为主攻方向,加强国际交流;树立服务理念,多层次提高服务能力.

Purpose: By case studies of the service for regional economic development（SRED） carried out by the National Science Library of the Chinese Academy of Sciences（NSLC）, this article tries to describe basic directions of special libraries in the SRED.Design/methodology/approach: By comparing the aims and service forms of the SRED provided by domestic and foreign libraries and information service institutions, the authors examined the basic services provided by special libraries. Through a summary of the SRED exploration carried out by the NSLC, the authors introduce its main content, service methods, products, and service mechanisms. By analyzing the information needs of SRED users and summarizing users’ practical experiences of services, the authors propose a design for the SRED framework of the NSLC. In addition, the authors mention key points to be noticed during the process of service implementation, illustrating them with a number of selected SRED cases. The authors suggest that the SRED network and joint service mechanism are effective ways to implement SRED services. Findings: Based on information resource and expert networks, special libraries like the NSLC can carry out SRED to meet user requirements. The NSLC has not only constructed its own SRED framework, but has also expanded the patron service to the industrial intelligence service area. By setting up a nationwide S＆T（science and technology） novelty search network and a literature and information service alliance, the NSLC provides a variety of information training services. This enriches the content of the knowledge service of special libraries and enlarges the library service of the NSLC.Research limitations: The SRED of Chinese libraries is still in the exploratory stage. Questions as how to scientifically design service content and service modes, and how to establish a sustainable regional service system based on user needs are still being researchedand discussed. Furthermore, we need to pay more attention to the construction of the service network and respond more quickly to feedback while creating the SRED.Practical implications: The SRED experience of the NSLC has shown that special libraries can implement a knowledge service for economic development, and the SRED is an important direction of knowledge services for special libraries.Originality/value: Through describing a practical SRED, this paper provides a valuable reference for libraries in the transformation process from library service to knowledge service. The experimental SRED of the NSLC has verified the rationality of our service framework in support of regional economic development.

Through seeding test on field condition under different of altitude,lighting,seedbed type and soil thickness,as well as seed germination and seedling survival being compared among provenances,the adaptability of Abies chensiensis seed and seedling were studied in natural environment.The results showed that in natural environment the seed germination rate of A.chensiensis was only 17.7%,which was less than half of its germination rate(36%) in laboratory.Altitude,lighting,seedbed type,soil thickness and seed provenances all had various effects on seed germination,seedling survival and growth of A.chensiensis.In practice,the rejuvenation of A.chenesiensis should follow the principle of favored tree species for suitable sites and optimal provenances be used.

It is light dormancy for the seed germination of Abies chensiensis.In this paper we studied the effects of four treatments on the seed germination of A.chensiensis.The results showed that washing seed by running water obviously promoted the seed germination of this species.GA3 solution of 50 mg/L,100 mg/L and 200 mg/L significantly increased the seed germination rate.KNO3 was helpful for seed germination and 0.1 mol/L KNO3 solution had the best effect among three concentrations.The seeds treated by 1% H2O2 performed best germination rate.

By using database of Journal of Citation Research,We primarily analyzed the variation of the performance indicators of Chinese biology science journals collected by SCIE from 2002 to 2005.Generally,there was a little increase of academy impact of these journals between four years,but most indicators keep low within the same subject category.Factors that influence academy impact of Chinese scientific journals were discussed,and some suggestions were put forward to promote the academy impact.

Virtual reference network is always one of the hot topics of the digital reference research.Different libraries are developing reference system appropriate to their own in China.The article outlines the new system of CSDL digital reference,such as: constitution of the system,service items,service mode and flow and so on,and discusses the present situation and the trend of the system.

在秦岭冷杉的天然分布区,分别选取核心区和边缘区进行取样,比较球果和种子的形态变异.核心区为秦岭地区,边缘区选在湖北神农架地区.根据秦岭冷杉分布特征,核心区沿海拔高度连续采样,边缘区选择两个不同海拔高度的种群,分单株采样,测量了球果、种子、种鳞、种翅等器官的15个形态指标.相关分析表明,秦岭冷杉球果和种子形态特征(变化)与海拔高度显著相关,说明海拔因素影响着球果和种子形态变异.比较发现,核心区(即秦岭地区)的秦岭冷杉球果和种子的绝大部分指标均值显著大于边缘区(即神农架地区),说明秦岭冷杉在核心区的生殖生长好于边缘区.相同海拔条件下,秦岭冷杉球果和种子形态在地区间差异显著,约85%的变异来自地区内个体间和个体内,说明秦岭冷杉的球果和种子形态特征变化受遗传控制更显著.在边缘区还比较了不同种群间、人工林和天然林在球果和种子形态特征的差异.球果和种子形态在同一地区两个种群间、在人工林与天然林间都有显著差异,大部分人工林球果和种子指标均值和变异幅度大于天然林,表明通过人为经营可以改善秦岭冷杉的一些生殖性状.

Abies chensiensis is an endangered tree that occurs primarily in the Qinling Mountain of China and is distributed across a wide range of elevations extending from 1 350 m to 2 500 m. The objectives of our study were: i) to investigate the fruiting and basic characteristics of the cones and the seeds; and ii) to determine how the characteristics of the cones and seeds of Abies chensiensis vary with elevation. Cones of Abies chensiensis were collected from trees in a high elevation and low elevation population. Through field investigations, laboratorial experiments and comparisons with other Abies, it was found that the cones and seeds of Abies chensiensis were bigger than other Abies species and had more seeds per cone but fewer full developed seeds per cone. Also, it was found that only 12.03 percent of the seeds were fully developed under natural conditions; this percentage increased to 21.6% after hand selecting seeds and to 38.1% after machine selection. Other seeds were empty, rigid or worm infested. At higher elevation, the percentage of adult trees that fruited and the number of cones produced per tree was reduced. The mean percentage of fruiting trees was 55% across sites; however, at low elevation, 76% of the trees fruited whereas only 34% fruited at high elevation. The mean number of cones per tree was 113. About 64.5 percent of fruiting trees produced no more than 100 cones with half of them producing 50 to 100 cones. Also, 16.1 percent of the fruiting trees produced from 100 to 200 cones and 19.4 percent produced over 200 cones. Trees with more than 200 cones all grew at low elevations; at high elevation, most trees produced less than 50 cones. Further analyses indicated significant differences in the characteristics of cones and seeds between the two elevations. Most traits were higher at low elevation sites than at higher elevations. From these analyses, we conclude that the reproductive potential of Abies chensiensis was greater at low elevation than at high elevation, most likely due to more suitable climatic conditions, more fertile soils and less steep topography at low elevation.

秦岭冷杉(Abies chensiensis)为中国特有三级保护植物,仅岛屿化分布于陕西、甘肃、四川、河南的秦巴山地和湖北神农架中高山地区,分布海拔1300-2300 m.为了对秦岭冷杉种群进行深入研究和有效保护,通过样地调查和相关资料分析,对其地理分布、群落特性、种群特性进行了系统研究.秦岭冷杉群落包含种子植物40科63属102种,可划分成11个地理区系成分,其中温带分布型属占84.21%,热带分布型属占15.79%,温带分布是群落的基本特性.秦岭山区的秦岭冷杉群落可分为5个群丛,基本特点为:生境阴湿;群落郁闭度大,结构复杂;种群个体年龄差异大;天然更新主要发生在保护较好的阴坡林窗地段.秦岭冷杉苗期生长缓慢,在30-70年龄阶段,高生长旺盛;在40-100年龄阶段,胸径生长较快.秦岭冷杉开始结实年龄在30-40年龄阶段,结实间隔期为3-5年.秦岭山区成熟个体平均产球果8个/株,饱满种子56粒/球果.种群更新的关键问题是种子产量低,林下幼苗稀疏,更新缺乏后继资源.种子向幼苗转化率低是生活史中的脆弱环节.在未来经营保护中,应以就地保护为主,通过抚育管理,促进天然更新;丰年应适时采种,就地育苗,扩大人工种群.