In order to obtain new materials of homologous tetraploid nonbearing Chinese cabbage Lcx025b with high quality anthocyanin, the cotyledon growth point of diploid Lcx025b seedlings was treated with colchicine solution of 0. 2%（w/v） concentration. The homologous tetraploid plants were screened and identified by morphological, cytological and flow cytometry methods. The diploid and tetraploid plants were compared and analyzed by agronomic traits, nutritional quality, photosynthetic characteristics and disease resistance. The results showed that compared with diploid plants, tetraploid plants showed giant morphology, the ratio of length to width of leaves decreased significantly, the leaves tended to be oblate, the flower organs, seed pods and seeds increased significantly, and the color of cabbage moss deepened. Stomatal density decreased and stomatal density increased significantly. The pollen grains showed obvious irregularity. The number of chromosomes in root tip cells of tetraploid plants and the fluorescence intensity of DNA of tetraploid plants analyzed by flow cytometry were twice that of diploid plants. In terms of nutritional quality, the contents of soluble sugar and chlorophyllin increased significantly, the contents of cellulose and nitrate nitrogen decreased significantly, and the contents of soluble protein and chlorophyll had no significant difference. Combined with the light response curve analysis, the tetraploid has stronger photosynthetic capacity and higher adaptability.In addition, the resistance of tetraploid plants to P. cinerea was obviously better than that of diploid plants. In conclusion, through this study, a new material of homologous tetraploid Lcx025b with high anthocyanin, purple cai-tai, was obtained, which provided important material support for the innovation of germplasm resources of non-knoting Chinese cabbage.

梳理了与土壤生态系统功能相联系的,特别是对固碳减排的土壤有机质本质认识的研究进展及路径,探讨了经典腐殖质学说存在的问题,概述了新近的有机质保护稳定学说及腐殖质组学学说,并追溯了生物标志物有机质分子研究,最后从土壤学的基本理念和理论出发讨论和重新认识土壤有机质的本质及其价值.从形成条件、分离条件和分子鉴定等多方面分析,土壤腐殖质形成和稳定学说越来越显示出局限性;而面向气候变化的碳固定研究可以深入探析土壤有机质的复杂存在状态.越来越认识到土壤有机质是投入土壤的有机物质经不同程度生物利用或降解的产物残留,只是被土壤不同程度地区隔和封闭,本质上仍是分子量变化极大的生命源有机物的集合.因此,可通过生物标志物分子作为靶标在土壤中提取和识别,该技术的发展将孕育萌生土壤有机质分子组学.后者可以用于判读土壤有机质的结构支撑、反应活性和促生功能等方面的本质差别,这些差别可能是由有机分子组成结构及存在状态所决定而不是由有机分子稳定性决定的.从这个概念出发,类似于土壤微生物分子生态,土壤有机质的丰度、组成、结构与功能间的联系可能是土壤有机质本质的核心问题.对这种关系的量化和参数化表征可用以探索土壤有机质永续固定,且可以保持生命活性的土壤有机质的管理策略及技术,并配合土壤的团聚体理论诠释土壤的本质和生态系统功能服务,这将是未来土壤学服务人类可持续发展的理论立足点.

Spectrum technique can rapid, accurate and non-destructive monitoring the growth status of rice in the field. It is an essential key technique to implement variable input in rice growth monitoring and precision management. On the basis of spectrum technique, monitoring character of rice growth (including leaf area index and biomass), bio-chemical parameters (including nitrogen nutrition and chlorophyll content) and water of rice were summarized and some ideas for further research were discussed in this paper, which could provide a technique support on improve precision management level and unit area grain yield in rice.