The development of high-performance cathode materials represents a crucial strategy for enhancing the overall electrochemical performance of aqueous alkaline zinc batteries. The rational design of electrode microstructure and chemical composition can synergistically boost the electrochemical reaction activity, ion/electron transport kinetics, and structural stability. In this work, a composite cathode material, FLG@NixS6/Co4S3/Ni-Co(OH)2, was successfully synthesized via an electrochemical codeposition method. The engineered architecture offers abundant electrochemically active sites, well-defined ion diffusion pathways, and continuous electron conduction networks. Moreover, the strong interaction among the constituent phases effectively regulates and accelerates the redox reaction kinetics. When integrated into an aqueous alkaline zinc battery, the device attains a high specific capacity of 385 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1, excellent rate capability (287 mAh g-1 at 80 A g-1), a gravimetric energy density of 590 Wh kg-1, a power density of 128.57 kW kg-1, and remarkable cycling stability, with 100% capacity retention maintained after 20,000 cycles. Overall, this study proposes a scalable and rational composite strategy for designing high-performance electrode materials for next-generation electrochemical energy storage systems.

Inherent conductivity and high redox activity endow polyaniline (PANI) with great potential to serve as a cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. However, compared with traditional strongly acidic electrolytes (pH < 1), its electrochemical performances are moderated in weakly acidic zinc salt electrolytes (pH > 3) because of spontaneous deprotonation. Herein, a carboxyl-modified PANI was designed and synthesized by introducing carboxyl groups at the para-position of the terminal benzene rings within the polymer chains. In this conjugated system, the electron density in the polymer chains was redistributed with a higher one around the substituent due to the electron-withdrawing effect of carboxyl groups and meanwhile carboxyl groups characterized by a proton donor render PANI achieve a proton-involved electrochemical reaction. Consequently, the carboxyl-modified PANI cathode, in a Zn//PANI cell, delivers an impressive specific capacity of 226 mAh g−1 along with excellent rata capability and cycling stability. This work presented some new insights into the molecule structure design of PANI-based polymers applied in advanced aqueous batteries.

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Yb alloys were prepared by melting casting, hot extrusion deformation and solution aging. The effect of rare earth Yb microalloying on the microstructure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was observed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, and the properties were tested by differential thermal analyzer, tensile tester and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the addition of Yb can obviously refine the grains, and the microhardness and tensile strength increase from 1230.88 MPa and 562.9 MPa to 1518.05 MPa and 616.3 MPa, respectively. The tensile fracture mode also changes from intergranular fracture and dimple fracture mixing to complete dimple fracture. However, the precipitation of coarse Al8Cu4Yb phase in the matrix and the continuous distribution of eta phase on grain boundaries are unfavorable to the corrosion resistance.

Outstanding interfacial issues exist between oxide cathodes and sulfide electrolytes in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs), while high‐capacity Li‐rich sulfide cathodes are gaining attention for application. Herein, a sulfide cathode active material Li 2 TiS 3 (LTS) that is chemically compatible with sulfide solid electrolytes, is used in high‐performance Li 6 PS 5 Cl‐based ASSLBs at room temperature. The batteries demonstrate a maximum discharge capacity of 423.2 mAh g −1 (910 Wh kg −1 based on Li 2 TiS 3 ) with 95% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 0.1 C (0.33 mA cm −2 ). Traces of elemental sulfur on the surface of LTS are mainly responsible for the excessive Li‐intercalation and the capacity exceedance. The Li 6 PS 5 Cl is also found to offer a nonnegligible capacity (at least 27% of excess capacity) by comparing the Li 6 PS 5 Cl‐based and Li 3 YCl 6 ‐based cells using Li 2 TiS 3 as cathode active material. During long cycling, the amorphization and degradation of Li 2 TiS 3 and Li 6 PS 5 Cl cause capacity decay. The electrochemical kinetics of Li 6 PS 5 Cl‐based cells are evaluated as a reference to further exploit the potential of Li 2 TiS 3 material for practical applications in ASSLBs. Overall, this superior Li‐rich sulfide material is an attractive alternative to oxide cathodes for the development of high‐performance ASSLBs.

All-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) are considered promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems. However, the growth of Li dendrites and interface side reactions hinder the practical application of ASSLMBs. To address these issues, a preformed Li-Ag alloy anode for an ASSLMB with the Li6PS5Cl electrolyte was constructed. The preformed Li-Ag alloy anode contains two distinct alloy layers, i.e., Li3Ag and Li0.98Ag0.02, with the former as a protection layer and the latter as a Li deposition site. Besides, a beneficial stable interlayer (Ag-P-S-Cl compound) produced by the reaction between Ag and Li6PS5Cl could work as a secondary protection layer between the anode and electrolyte. The dual protection (Li3Ag and Ag-P-S-Cl compound) suppresses dendritic growth and other interfacial issues effectively and simultaneously. Consequently, a LiCoO2/Li6PS5Cl/Li-Ag all-solid-state battery exhibits a remarkable specific capacity and excellent cycle stability. The dual-protection effect from the preformed Li-Ag alloy anode and the investigation of its working mechanism may enlighten a simple strategy for promoting the development of ASSLMBs.

Li6PS5Cl (LPSC), a sulfide solid-state electrolyte with an argyrodite structure, is one of the ideal electrolyte materials for the construction of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries.It has good development prospects because of its high ionic conductivity (>3x10-3 S.cm(-1)) and good stability to lithium. In this work, LPSC was prepared by the combination of high-energy ball milling and inert atmosphere solid-phase sintering, and powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the effects of the preparation process on the structure, composition, electrical properties, and ion conductivity of LPSC. The results show that the extended ball milling time is beneficial to the amorphization and subsequent sintering of the LPSC precursor powder. The increase of the sintering temperature will promote the physical purity and electrical conductivity of the prepared LPSC electrolyte, but the high sintering temperature will lead to the decomposition of LPSC. The LPSC prepared by 8 h ball milling and 500 degrees C sintering has the highest ion/electron conductivity ratio (2.091x10(5)) at room temperature, with ionic conductivity up to 4.049x10(-3) S.cm(-1) and electronic conductivity only 1.936x10(-8) S.cm(-1). The 712 NCM/LPSC/In-Li all-solid-state battery prepared with this electrolyte has a first-turn discharge specific capacity of 151.3 mAh.g(-1) at a charge/discharge ratio of 0.1 C, and has excellent cycling stability.

Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile cathodes with electrochemical and structural tuning used in all-solid state Li–S batteries are evaluated.

Argyrodite sulfide solid electrolytes, such as Li6PS5Cl (LPSC), have received much attention due to their high ionic conductivity (>1 mS cm-1) and success in all-solid-state batteries (long cycle performance, high energy density, etc.). Numerous efforts are spent on modifying the properties of the electrolyte itself. Here, we combine first-principles calculations with experiments to investigate O-doped argyrodite sulfide solid electrolytes (Li6PS5-xClOx, x = 0-1). It is found that Li6PS4.75ClO0.25 (LPSCO0.25) with x = 0.25 and cubic phase (F4̅3 m) shows the highest ion conductivity of 4.7 mS cm-1 (cold-pressed), higher than that of undoped Li6PS5Cl (4.2 mS cm-1). The bare LiCoO2/LPSCO0.25/Li-In all-solid-state battery exhibits an initial capacity of 131 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C and satisfactory cycling stability with 86% capacity retention after 250 cycles to the 4th cycle at 0.3 C under 25 °C. In addition, the NCM811/LPSCO0.25/Li-In cell is assembled using bare LiNi0.83Co0.06Mn0.11O2 cathode and shows an initial discharge capacity of 181 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C and 160 mA h g-1 at 0.3 C. The doping of oxygen-forming Li6PS5-xClOx also improves the stability to Li metal, proven by cyclic voltammetry and powder X-ray diffraction tests. The calculation results for the band structure reveals that LPSC has the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital than LPSCO0.25, further confirming the above conclusion.

Solid‐state batteries exhibit promising prospects due to their potential in terms of safety and energy density. Sulfide solid electrolytes have received much attention due to their high ionic conductivity (about 10 −2 S cm −1 ). However, high side reactions between solid sulfide electrolytes and oxide cathodes, such as LiCoO 2 , have hampered the development of all‐solid‐state sulfide batteries. Here, first‐principles calculations and experiments are combined to demonstrate a novel protective layer to cope with the Li 6 PS 5 Cl electrolyte and LiCoO 2 cathode interface problem. By uniformly coating LiCoO 2 with a layer of Li 2 WO 4 , the interfacial resistance (the 100th cycle) between the sulfide electrolyte and LiCoO 2 is reduced to about 68 Ω cm 2 , which is nearly 15 times lower than the premodified 1061 Ω cm 2 . The 2 wt% Li 2 WO 4 ‐coated LiCoO 2 (2%LWO‐LCO)/Li 6 PS 5 Cl/Li‐In all‐solid‐state battery exhibits satisfactory capacity and excellent cycling stability at room temperature (93% capacity retention after 100 cycles). Furthermore, the ab initio molecular dynamics based on the Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof density functional theory calculations show that Li 2 WO 4 can effectively prevent the diffusion of Co and O from LiCoO 2 into the Li 6 PS 5 Cl solid electrolyte. It is shown that molecular dynamics help predict the interfacial reactions in all‐solid‐state sulfide batteries.

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) exhibit a promising prospect due to their potential in terms of safety and energy densities. As an oxide electrolyte, cubic garnet solid electrolyte (cubic-Li7La3Zr2O12) attracts wide attention due to the high ionic conductivity. However, the problem of poor contact between garnet solid electrolyte and lithium impairs the development of solid electrolytes. Herein, we demonstrate an effective modification method to cope with the interface issue between electrolyte and Li metal by introducing an Ag@WSe2 composite layer. By applying this method, the interfacial resistance between the garnet electrolyte and Li metal is reduced to similar to 12.5 Omega cm(2), which is nearly 150 times lower than the value of 1900 Omega cm(2) before modification. The WSe2 acts as a framework to immobilize Ag, while Ag forms an Ag-Li alloy with lithium for lithium ions transportation. And other Ag@TMDs (transition metal dichalcogenides) composites have also been proven to have similar effects. In addition, the Li vertical bar Ag@WSe2-LLZO vertical bar LFP full cell demonstrates a satisfactory capacity and excellent cycle stability (500 cycles with 90% capacity retention rate) at room temperature.

The synergistic solvent extraction (SSX) system consisting of di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (P204) and alkyl-4-pyridinecarboxylate ester (4PC) in sulfonated kerosene was used to separate manganese from magnesium and calcium and to prepare pure manganese sulfate solutions with battery grade. In batch tests, over 99.9% of Mn2+ was extracted after a four-stage counter current extraction using an organic solution consisting of 0.25 mol/L P204 and 0.5 mol/L 4PC in sulfonated kerosene and a feed containing 22 g/L Mn2+, 4 g/L Mg2+ and 0.1 g/L Ca2+ with an A/O ratio of 1:6 at 25 degrees C for 10 min, while extractions of magnesium and calcium were negligible. After scrubbing using 0.025 mol/L H2SO4 at an A/O ratio of 1:8, the loaded organic solution was stripped using 0.7 mol/L H2SO4 at an A/O ratio of 1:8 to prepare pure manganese sulfate solutions with battery grade. The results of continuous operation test indicated that the mass ratios of Ca/Mn and Mg/Mn in strip liquors were below 5.6 x 10(-5) and 2.5 x 10(-4), respectively, further demonstrating the efficient separation of manganese from magnesium and calcium using the SSX system.

NASICON-type LiZr2(PO4)(3) (LZP) has a high bulk ionic conductivity (similar to 10(-4) S cm(-1)) and a wide electrochemical stability window between 0 and 5.5 V. However, LZP suffers from a problem in which its desirable rhombohedral phase transforms to the triclinic phase (similar to 10(-8) S cm(-1)) below 50 degrees C. In this work, we reported a rhombohedral-structured LiZr2(PO4)(3) (alpha-LZP) at room temperature with a high total Li-ion conductivity (2.8 x 10(-6) S cm(-1)) by a microwave sintering process. Moreover, this approach realized a drastic reduction in the sintering temperature from the typical 1200 degrees C-900 degrees C with only a 4 h holding time. Using this approach, we also demonstrated the successful synthesis of Ca-incorporated Li1.2Ca0.1Zr1.9(PO4)(3) (LCZP) with an ionic conductivity of 1.7 x 10(-5) S cm(-1).

采用斜率法、恒摩尔法、饱和容量法研究从酸性硫酸盐溶液中用P204和4PC协同萃取镍的机理,并测定协萃反应的热力学平衡常数,得到协萃反应的焓变和熵变.结果表明,P204/4PC协同萃取镍的反应呈正协同效应,镍萃合物的结构为NiA2L2,且协萃过程为吸热反应,焓变和熵变分别为29.52 J/mol和-6.53 kJ/(mol·K).采用P204与4PC协萃体系可显著提高酸性硫酸盐溶液介质中镍的选择性萃取效果.

采用一种新的二元协萃体系P204/4PC对萃取分离镍与锰、镁、钙进行了研究.考察了有机相配比、平衡p H、平衡时间等因素对萃取分离的影响,并绘制了镍萃取与反萃等温线.结果表明,采用1. 25 mol/L4PC（L）+0. 25 mol/L P204（HA）组成的有机相,经过5级模拟逆流萃取,镍的萃取率达到98. 7%,其他杂质金属的萃取率基本都在5%以下.负载有机相经过三级逆流反萃,镍的反萃率达到98. 2%,反萃后有机相中镍的质量浓度小于0. 1 g/L.

研究了用HBL110从高浓度硫酸钴溶液中溶剂萃取镍,考察了有机相配比、有机相皂化率、料液初始pH、相比、温度及萃取时间对镍萃取效果的影响.试验结果表明:在有机相组成n(A)∶n(HB)=4∶1、有机相皂化率50％、料液初始pH=2、相比(Vo/Va)=2/1、萃取时间10 min、室温下通过5级逆流串级萃取,高浓度硫酸钴(70 g/L钴)溶液中的镍得以去除,最终溶液中镍质量浓度仅30 mg/L左右,镍去除率达98.13％.