Prof. Powles has had a major role in the development of biomarkers and new drug strategies in urology cancers. This includes multiple EMA and FDA approvals. Notably, front line immune/targeted therapy combinations in RCC, immune checkpoint inhibitions alone or in combination in bladder cancer and antibody drug conjugates in urothelial cancer. His biomarker work has resulted in a greater understanding of resistance to immune therapy (TGFb), personalised therapy in bladder cancer (PD-L1, CD8) and renal cancer (MET) and the development of circulating biomarkers (ctDNA). He has authored 10 NEJM or Lancet publications with two first author NEJM publications and 2 first author Nature publications. He authors over 40 peer-reviewed publications per annum. He has presented plenary data at major global meetings.