In Situ Radiometric And Exposure Age Dating Of The Martian Surface

Kenneth A Farley,Charles Malespin,Paul R Mahaffy,John P Grotzinger,P M Vasconcelos,Ralph E Milliken,Michael C Malin,Kenneth S Edgett,Alexander Anatolevich Pavlov,Joel A Hurowitz,J A Grant,H B Miller,Raymond E Arvidson,Luther W Beegle,Fred Calef,P G Conrad,William E Dietrich,Jennifer L Eigenbrode,R Gellert,Sanjeev Gupta,Victoria E Hamilton,Donald M Hassler,Kevin W Lewis,Scott M Mclennan,D Ming,Rafael Navarrogonzalez,S P Schwenzer,A Steele,Edward M Stolper,Dawn Y Sumner, D T Vaniman,Ashwin R Vasavada,Kenneth H Williford,Robert F Wimmerschweingruber, D F Blake,Thomas F Bristow,David J Desmarais,Laurence Edwards,Robert M Haberle,Tori Hoehler,Jeff Hollingsworth,Melinda A Kahre,Leslie Keely,Christopher P Mckay,M Wilhelm, L V Bleacher,W B Brinckerhoff,David Choi,Jason P Dworkin,Melissa Floyd,Caroline Freissinet,James B Garvin,Daniel P Glavin,D N Harpold, D Martin,A C Mcadam,Eric Raaen,Michael D Smith,J C Stern,Florence Tan,Melissa Trainer,Michael R Meyer,Arik Posner,Mary Voytek, R C Anderson,Andrew Aubrey,Alberto Behar,Diana L Blaney,David E Brinza,Lance E Christensen,J A Crisp,Lauren Deflores,Jason Feldman,Sabrina Feldman,G J Flesch,Insoo Jun,Didier Keymeulen, J N Maki,Michael Andrew Mischna, J M Morookian, T J Parker,Betina Pavri,Marcel Schoppers,Aaron Sengstacken,John J Simmonds,Nicole Spanovich,Manuel De La Torre Juarez,C R Webster, A Yen,P D Archer,F A Cucinotta,J H Jones,Richard V Morris,P B Niles,E B Rampe, Thomas Nolan,Martin R Fisk,Leon J Radziemski, B L Barraclough,Steve Bender,Daniel C Berman,Eldar Noe Dobrea,R L Tokar,R Williams,Aileen Yingst,Laurie A Leshin,Timothy F Cleghorn,Wesley Huntress,Gerard Manhes,Judy Hudgins,Timothy Olson, N M Stewart,P Sarrazin,E P Vicenzi,Sharon A Wilson,Mark Alan Bullock,Bent Ehresmann,Joseph Peterson,Scot C Randell Rafkin, C Zeitlin, Fedor Fedosov, D V Golovin,Natalya Karpushkina,A S Kozyrev,Maxim L Litvak,A V Malakhov,Igor G Mitrofanov, M I Mokrousov, S A Nikiforov,Vasily Prokhorov,Anton B Sanin, V I Tretyakov, A B Varenikov,Andrey Vostrukhin,Ruslan O Kuzmin,B C Clark,M J Wolff,Oliver Botta,D M Drake,Keri Bean,Mark T Lemmon,Kenneth E Herkenhoff,Ella Mae Lee, Robert Sucharski,Miguel Angel De Pablo Hernandez,Juan Jose Blanco Avalos,Miguel Ramos,Myunghee Kim,Ianik Plante,Janpeter Muller,Ryan C Ewing,William V Boynton,Robert T Downs, Mike Fitzgibbon, K Harshman, S M Morrison, Onno Kortmann,Marisa Palucis,Amy Williams, G W Lugmair,Michael A Wilson,David M Rubin,Bruce M Jakosky,Tonci Baliczunic,Jens Frydenvang,J K Jensen,K M Kinch, Asmus Koefoed,M B Madsen,Susan Louise Svane Stipp,Nick Boyd,J L Campbell,Glynis Perrett,Irina Pradler,Scott Vanbommel,Samantha Jacob,Tobias C Owen,Scott K Rowland,Hannu Savijarvi, Eckart Boehm,Stephan Bottcher,Sonke Burmeister,Jingnan Guo,Jan Kohler,C Garcia,Reinhold Muellermellin,John C Bridges,Timothy Hubbard Mcconnochie,Mehdi Benna,H Franz,Hannah Bower,Anna Brunner, Hannah Blau,Thomas Boucher,Marco Carmosino,Sushil K Atreya,Harvey Elliott,Douglas Halleaux,Nilton De Oliveira Renno,Michael Wong,R O Pepin, Beverley Elliott,John G Spray,Lucy Thompson, Suzanne Gordon,Horton E Newsom,A M Ollila,Joshua Williams,Jennifer Bentz,Kenneth H Nealson,Radu Popa,Linda C Kah,Jeffrey Moersch,Christopher G Tate,Mackenzie Day,Gary Kocurek,Bernard Hallet,Ronald S Sletten,Raymond Francis,Emily Mccullough, E A Cloutis,Inge Loes Ten Kate,Abigail Fraeman, Daniel Scholes,Susan Slavney,Thomas Stein,Jennifer Ward,Jeffrey Berger,John E Moores

SCIENCE（2014）

引用 249|浏览205

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摘要

We determined radiogenic and cosmogenic noble gases in a mudstone on the floor of Gale Crater. A K-Ar age of 4.21 +/- 0.35 billion years represents a mixture of detrital and authigenic components and confirms the expected antiquity of rocks comprising the crater rim. Cosmic-ray-produced He-3, Ne-21, and Ar-36 yield concordant surface exposure ages of 78 +/- 30 million years. Surface exposure occurred mainly in the present geomorphic setting rather than during primary erosion and transport. Our observations are consistent with mudstone deposition shortly after the Gale impact or possibly in a later event of rapid erosion and deposition. The mudstone remained buried until recent exposure by wind-driven scarp retreat. Sedimentary rocks exposed by this mechanism may thus offer the best potential for organic biomarker preservation against destruction by cosmic radiation.

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关键词

exposure age dating,situ radiometric

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