Impacts of red mud on lignin depolymerization and humic substance formation mediated by laccase-producing bacterial community during composting.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of red mud on lignin degradation, humic substance formation and laccase-producing bacterial community in composting to better improve composting performances. The results indicated that the organic matter contents of final compost products in the treatment group with red mud (T) decreased by 25.74%, which was more than the control group without red mud (CK) (12.09%). The final lignin degradation ratio and humic substance concentration of the T were 18.67% and 22.80% higher than that of the CK, respectively. The final C/N values of compost in the CK and T were 11.32 and 10.66, respectively, which were both less than 15, suggesting that compost reached maturity. Redundancy analysis showed that temperature was the main factors driving the variation of laccase-producing bacterial community. Pearson analysis suggested that Pseudomonas, Phenylobacterium, and Caulobacter were the most significantly correlated with lignin degradation and humification in the T.