Perceptions of and Experiences with Consumer Sleep Technologies That Use Artificial Intelligence

This study aims to assess the perspectives and usability of different consumer sleep technologies (CSTs) that leverage artificial intelligence (AI). We answer the following research questions: (1) what are user perceptions and ideations of CSTs (phase 1), (2) what are the users' actual experiences with CSTs (phase 2), (3) and what are the design recommendations from participants (phases 1 and 2)? In this two-phase qualitative study, we conducted focus groups and usability testing to describe user ideations of desires and experiences with different AI sleep technologies and identify ways to improve the technologies. Results showed that focus group participants prioritized comfort, actionable feedback, and ease of use. Participants desired customized suggestions about their habitual sleeping environments and were interested in CSTs+AI that could integrate with tools and CSTs they already use. Usability study participants felt CSTs+AI provided an accurate picture of the quantity and quality of sleep. Participants identified room for improvement in usability, accuracy, and design of the technologies. We conclude that CSTs can be a valuable, affordable, and convenient tool for people who have issues or concerns with sleep and want more information. They provide objective data that can be discussed with clinicians.