Alborz University of Medical Sciences (ABZUMS) is a medical school in Alborz Province of Iran.Located in the city of Karaj, the university was established in 2010.The university offers degrees in 7 schools including residencies and fellowships, and administers all major hospitals and clinics throughout the Karaj city and province of Alborz..
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially life-threatening complication following bariatric surgery. Accurate estimates of its prevalence are essential to inform perioperative risk management and thromboprophylaxis strategies. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials reporting postoperative PE among adults (≥ 18 years) undergoing bariatric procedures—including sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and adjustable gastric banding—were included. Nine studies comprising 1,080,346 patients were included. The pooled prevalence of PE following metabolic-bariatric surgery (MBS) was 3.70 per 1000 procedures (95
The aim of this study was to update the association between periodontitis and hypertension. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases to evaluate the association between periodontitis and hypertension up until May 2025. All observational studies, including cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies, were included. Two researchers independently conducted the screening of studies, data extraction, and quality assessment. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Q-test (chi-square) and the I-squared statistic. A random-effects model/ fixed-effect model was applied to pool the effect sizes. The subgroup meta-analysis between periodontitis and hypertension was performed based on periodontitis indices, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and their combination. Out of 2,145 studies identified in the initial search, 72 were included in the systematic review, and 60 were included in the meta-analysis. In random-effect meta-analysis, periodontitis increased significantly the odds of hypertension according to the PD index (OR: 1.33, 95
Abstract Bladder cancer represents the ninth most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide, with substantial morbidity and mortality. Conventional diagnostic modalities—including cystoscopy, urine cytology, cross-sectional imaging, and histopathological examination—are limited by operator-dependent variability, modest sensitivity for early-stage disease, and significant interobserver discordance. Artificial intelligence (AI), and particularly deep learning (DL)-based approaches, has emerged as a transformative paradigm to enhance diagnostic accuracy and standardize assessment across the complete diagnostic continuum. This narrative review critically synthesizes contemporary evidence on AI applications in bladder cancer diagnosis, encompassing cystoscopic tumor detection, urine cytology analysis, radiomics-based staging, computational pathology, multimodal fusion architectures, and intraoperative guidance. Across validation cohorts, AI-enhanced cystoscopy achieves sensitivity of 91–99% and specificity of 87–99%. AI-augmented urine cytology demonstrates substantial sensitivity improvements, with the VisioCyt system achieving 84.9% overall sensitivity compared with 43% for conventional cytology. Radiomics and deep learning approaches for imaging analysis achieve area under the curve values ranging from 0.834 to 0.997 for staging and muscle-invasion prediction. Computational pathology systems achieve diagnostic accuracy meeting or exceeding that of experienced pathologists while providing standardized, reproducible assessments. Notwithstanding these advances, challenges including data standardization, model interpretability, prospective clinical validation, regulatory harmonization, and health-economic evaluation must be addressed to enable widespread clinical implementation. This review identifies critical research priorities and discusses pathways for responsible translation of AI innovations into routine urologic practice.
Recently, photocatalytic synthesis of H2O2 has received much attention. However, the photocatalytic activity of photocatalysts is generally limited due to multiple factors, such as insufficiency of photoelectrons, low adsorption capability of O2 on the photocatalyst surface, and high thermodynamic barrier. To address these issues, herein we have designed an interesting kind of hollow HKUST-1@CuFePBA@CuS (HS@CuFe@CuS) heterojunction photocatalyst. HKUST-1 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with cubic morphology were first synthesized as the precursor. Next, Cu2+ ions were released from HKUST-1 for the growth of CuFe Prussian blue analogue (CuFePBA) nanosheets on the HKUST-1 surface and then CuS nanoparticles on the CuFePBA nanosheet surface, simultaneously creating a hollow structure in HKUST-1. It is demonstrated that the resultant photocatalysts exhibit remarkable photocatalytic activity for H2O2 synthesis. Particularly, the H2O2 yield rate reaches 927 mu mol g-1 h-1 over the HS@CuFe@CuS-4, which is increased by 5.3, 10.3, and 5.2 times as compared with that over single HKUST-1, CuFePBA, and CuS, respectively. Experimental and theoretical studies outline several advantages of the hollow HS@CuFe@CuS heterostructures for boosting the photocatalytic H2O2 synthesis: 1) more photoelectrons available for O2 photoreduction reactions due to the efficient photocarrier separation/transfer and unique hollow structure, 2) increased O2 adsorption on the active sites, and 3) a decrease in the Gibbs free energies for O2 photoreduction reactions. This study highlights a promising nanostructure design strategy of photocatalysts for boosting H2O2 synthesis.
Prelacteal feeding (PLF), which refers to giving liquids or non-breast milk food to infants within 3 days of birth, can adversely affect neonatal health and survival. Despite its recognized health risks, PLF remains prevalent in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Afghanistan, where evidence on its determinants is limited. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of PLF practice in Afghanistan. We analyzed data from 11,964 ever-married women aged 15–49 years with a live birth in the previous two years. PLF was defined according to the MICS convention. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with PLF, accounting for survey design and sampling weights. Interaction terms were tested for (1) place of delivery and household wealth and (2) private facility and cesarean section. The prevalence of PLF was 33.3
