Al-Rafidain University College is a private academic institution in higher education of public interest established on November 23, 1988. It was founded by The Iraqi Society for Statistical Sciences. The actual work study started in 1988/1989 and is considered one of the oldest private academic colleges in Iraq. The college awards bachelor's degrees in various scientific disciplines and is subject to the laws, regulations, instructions and regulations of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research through direct scientific and educational supervision on its various activities. Granted by the college recognized by that ministry.Al-Rafidain University currently includes thirteen medical, engineering and scientific departments. The duration of the study in each stage is four years. The student is awarded a bachelor's degree in engineering and science in his specialization, except for the Department of Dentistry and Pharmacy. The academic system in the college is an annual system consisting of two semesters except for the pharmacy department, which apply the semester system. The certificates granted to the student are approved by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and other relevant ministries for the purposes of recruitment and studies. The university has a number of different faculties, including 12 medical labs, 25 engineering and scientific laboratories, as well as 60 classrooms and 40 halls in another building. The college also has artistic, cultural and poetry activities as well as annual scientific conferences and seminars as well as sports activities.
The rise of social media has transformed traditional marketing paradigms, offering unprecedented opportunities for audience targeting, content dissemination, and consumer engagement. This study investigates how marketing strategies have evolved in the digital era by analyzing the effectiveness of content formats, influencer tiers, and platform-specific dynamics. Using a multi-method approach, the research combines structured surveys, platform analytics, and experimental campaign tracking across Facebook, Instagram, Twitter/X, LinkedIn, TikTok, and YouTube. Key metrics include engagement rate, click-through rate, conversion rate, return on ad spend, audience growth, sentiment analysis, and user session behavior to assess the depth and quality of user interaction. The findings highlight the effectiveness of short-form video and the cost efficiency of micro-influencer campaigns, where platform fit and customization emerged as strong predictors of conversion. The results further indicate that success in digital marketing arises not from isolated tactics but from the strategic integration of content format, duration, and influencer selection. Employing multilevel modeling and negative binomial regression on a large-scale dataset, the study underscores the complexity of user behaviors in today’s digital environment and provides empirically grounded recommendations for optimizing campaign effectiveness.
Customary law has long served as a mechanism for solving environmental conflicts, especially in communities where indigenous governance plays a central role in land and resource management. However, its recognition and integration with statutory legal frameworks vary across jurisdictions, shaping both its applicability and effectiveness. This study employs a mixed-method framework that combines doctrinal legal analysis, case law review (145 cases), document analysis (250 texts), and structured interviews (100 participants) with statistical modeling and forecasting techniques. Comparative analysis across multiple jurisdictions evaluates the interaction of customary and statutory legal systems, while mathematical models, including regression analysis, success indices, and conflict reduction probability functions, quantify the influence of customary law on dispute resolution and governance effectiveness. Findings reveal that jurisdictions with stronger integration of customary law resolve 78
As global markets become more complex, the need for efficient, data-driven tools has grown, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) becoming essential in transforming how businesses operate. These technologies play a critical role in optimizing resource management, automating work, and improving system performance. This paper explores the strategic role of AI/ML across ten diverse sectors: manufacturing, telecommunications, healthcare, logistics, retail, finance, energy, education, construction, and public services. The study examines how AI/ML integration impacts key operational metrics, such as downtime reduction, cost savings, process reliability, and resource utilization, based on data gathered over a 12-month period. The research employs advanced statistical methods, including panel regression and composite indexing, to analyze the results. Findings show significant improvements across all sectors, driven by AI/ML technologies that enhanced operational efficiency, improved forecasting accuracy, and optimized resource usage. This research also underscores the importance of robust data infrastructure and organizational readiness in fully capitalizing on these technologies. The findings provide valuable insights for decision-makers in both public and private sectors aiming to adopt scalable and sustainable automation solutions.
Objectives To assess the levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) toward skin cancer prevention among Malaysian adults and to examine differences in KAP across socio-demographic groups.Design Cross-sectional online survey.Setting Community-based study conducted in Malaysia using social media recruitment.Participants A total of 386 adults aged ≥18 years residing in Malaysia. Most participants were young adults (86.3%), female (55.4%) and of Chinese ethnicity (65.5%). Healthcare professionals were excluded.Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary outcomes were levels of knowledge, attitude and preventive practices toward skin cancer, measured using the validated KAP-SC-Q (Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Skin Cancer Questionnaire) and categorised as poor, moderate or good. Secondary outcomes included differences in KAP across socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, analysed using independent t-tests and χ2 tests.Results Over half of participants demonstrated poor knowledge of skin cancer (56.0%) and the vast majority showed inadequate preventive practices (84.2%), while attitudes toward skin cancer were predominantly positive (62.4%). Significant differences in mean KAP scores and categorical levels were observed across several socio-demographic variables. Participants with tertiary education had higher knowledge (14.32 vs 12.61) and attitude scores (20.01 vs 15.95; p<0.001) than those with lower education. Individuals with a diagnosis of skin disease had significantly higher knowledge (14.95 vs 13.03; p=0.001), attitude (20.03 vs 18.21; p=0.007) and practice scores (12.10 vs 9.72; p<0.001). Personal history of skin cancer and severe sunburn was associated with better preventive practices but poorer attitudes (p<0.001), and light-skinned participants were more likely to have poor knowledge and attitudes (p<0.05).Conclusions Malaysian adults exhibited limited knowledge and very poor preventive practices toward skin cancer despite generally positive attitudes. These findings highlight substantial gaps between awareness and behaviour and support the need for targeted public health interventions to correct misconceptions, improve risk perception especially in high-risk groups and promote effective ultraviolet protection behaviours.
Corporate governance plays a critical role in shaping firm performance, especially in emerging markets where regulatory systems are still evolving. This study develops an econometric modeling approach to examine how governance structures—such as board independence, ownership concentration, investor protection, and disclosure quality—affect financial outcomes. Using a mixed-methods design, the analysis combines quantitative financial data with qualitative insights from governance frameworks. Regression equations and structural models were employed to link governance indicators with key performance metrics, including Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA), Tobin’s Q, and measures of agency costs. Results show that firms with more independent boards and stronger shareholder protections achieve higher ROE and ROA, while disclosure quality and investor protection significantly improve market valuation. Governance reforms, such as the creation of independent board committees, were also found to reduce agency costs compared to traditional structures. By integrating socio-legal context with data-driven econometric analysis, the study provides practical insights for policymakers, regulators, and corporate leaders seeking to strengthen governance systems, enhance transparency, and promote sustainable growth in emerging economies.
