Al-Rafidain University College is a private academic institution in higher education of public interest established on November 23, 1988. It was founded by The Iraqi Society for Statistical Sciences. The actual work study started in 1988/1989 and is considered one of the oldest private academic colleges in Iraq. The college awards bachelor's degrees in various scientific disciplines and is subject to the laws, regulations, instructions and regulations of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research through direct scientific and educational supervision on its various activities. Granted by the college recognized by that ministry.Al-Rafidain University currently includes thirteen medical, engineering and scientific departments. The duration of the study in each stage is four years. The student is awarded a bachelor's degree in engineering and science in his specialization, except for the Department of Dentistry and Pharmacy. The academic system in the college is an annual system consisting of two semesters except for the pharmacy department, which apply the semester system. The certificates granted to the student are approved by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and other relevant ministries for the purposes of recruitment and studies. The university has a number of different faculties, including 12 medical labs, 25 engineering and scientific laboratories, as well as 60 classrooms and 40 halls in another building. The college also has artistic, cultural and poetry activities as well as annual scientific conferences and seminars as well as sports activities.
The rise of social media has transformed traditional marketing paradigms, offering unprecedented opportunities for audience targeting, content dissemination, and consumer engagement. This study investigates how marketing strategies have evolved in the digital era by analyzing the effectiveness of content formats, influencer tiers, and platform-specific dynamics. Using a multi-method approach, the research combines structured surveys, platform analytics, and experimental campaign tracking across Facebook, Instagram, Twitter/X, LinkedIn, TikTok, and YouTube. Key metrics include engagement rate, click-through rate, conversion rate, return on ad spend, audience growth, sentiment analysis, and user session behavior to assess the depth and quality of user interaction. The findings highlight the effectiveness of short-form video and the cost efficiency of micro-influencer campaigns, where platform fit and customization emerged as strong predictors of conversion. The results further indicate that success in digital marketing arises not from isolated tactics but from the strategic integration of content format, duration, and influencer selection. Employing multilevel modeling and negative binomial regression on a large-scale dataset, the study underscores the complexity of user behaviors in today’s digital environment and provides empirically grounded recommendations for optimizing campaign effectiveness.
Since green synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) is less expensive and more ecologically benign than conventional synthetic processes, it has garnered a lot of interest. In this study, extracts from Fig (Ficus carica) leaves were used to create copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO) from the equivalent salt using a straightforward procedure. The particles were characterized using techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). According to UV–Vis spectra, confirms the formation of the desired copper oxide nanoparticles CuO. Furthermore, through the obtained absorbance data, the direct optical band gap energy 3.09 eV. CuO NPs XRD pattern shows a prominent peak at (111). SEM and TEM analysis of the (CuO NPs) demonstrated that the particles' sizes fall within the range of nanometers with spherical to elliptical shapes. CuO NPs are investigated for their antibacterial properties against four human pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, S. Mutans, and S. aureus. According to the study, CuO NPs have strong antibacterial activity against these harmful microorganisms to humans, with the concentration of the NPs increases, the inhibition rate increases, so the increased CuO NPs concentration (100 micro grams per milliliter) is of the most effective in inhibiting bacteria growth.
The tension between national security and civil liberties remains a defining constitutional challenge of the twenty-first century, intensified by terrorism, cyber threats, and global crises. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining comparative legal analysis, empirical data collection, and statistical modeling, to examine how constitutional systems reconcile security imperatives with democratic rights. Comparative analysis of frameworks from the United States, the European Union, Pakistan, and Poland identifies variations in judicial oversight, legislative design, and executive accountability. Empirical data were gathered through surveys of 1,200 participants and 60 semi-structured interviews with legal experts and policymakers to capture public and institutional perspectives on liberty–security trade-offs. A theoretical model of proportionality is developed to quantify the balance between security measures, judicial review, threat severity, and their impact on civil rights. Regression analysis validates this model and demonstrates the strong judicial scrutiny and proportional legislative mechanisms significantly enhance constitutional balance. The findings underscore that adaptive constitutional systems, grounded in transparency, proportionality, and accountability, are more resilient in safeguarding both security and fundamental freedoms in evolving global contexts.
Customary law has long served as a mechanism for solving environmental conflicts, especially in communities where indigenous governance plays a central role in land and resource management. However, its recognition and integration with statutory legal frameworks vary across jurisdictions, shaping both its applicability and effectiveness. This study employs a mixed-method framework that combines doctrinal legal analysis, case law review (145 cases), document analysis (250 texts), and structured interviews (100 participants) with statistical modeling and forecasting techniques. Comparative analysis across multiple jurisdictions evaluates the interaction of customary and statutory legal systems, while mathematical models, including regression analysis, success indices, and conflict reduction probability functions, quantify the influence of customary law on dispute resolution and governance effectiveness. Findings reveal that jurisdictions with stronger integration of customary law resolve 78
As global markets become more complex, the need for efficient, data-driven tools has grown, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) becoming essential in transforming how businesses operate. These technologies play a critical role in optimizing resource management, automating work, and improving system performance. This paper explores the strategic role of AI/ML across ten diverse sectors: manufacturing, telecommunications, healthcare, logistics, retail, finance, energy, education, construction, and public services. The study examines how AI/ML integration impacts key operational metrics, such as downtime reduction, cost savings, process reliability, and resource utilization, based on data gathered over a 12-month period. The research employs advanced statistical methods, including panel regression and composite indexing, to analyze the results. Findings show significant improvements across all sectors, driven by AI/ML technologies that enhanced operational efficiency, improved forecasting accuracy, and optimized resource usage. This research also underscores the importance of robust data infrastructure and organizational readiness in fully capitalizing on these technologies. The findings provide valuable insights for decision-makers in both public and private sectors aiming to adopt scalable and sustainable automation solutions.
