The leading technological and scientific university of the Altai region, Altai State Technical University (AltSTU) is one of a number of universities in the city of Barnaul, Altai Krai, Russia, and is among the largest institutions of higher education in Russia.It was founded in February 1942 by Zaporizhie Automechanical Institute (which was evacuated to Siberia because of World War II). Altai State University is named after Ivan Polzunov, the famous Russian inventor of the two-cylinder steam engine for use in the mining industry.The University offers full-time, part-time, extramural, and distance instruction. On graduating, students receive degrees of Bachelor (four-year study), Master (two years), and specialist diplomas (per the old system of five-year study). Post-graduate courses are also offered.University facilities include seven academic buildings, a complex of hostels, a large scientific library, a computing center, a publishing house, student clubs, a theater (the Kaleidoscope Student Theatre ), a preventive clinic, as well as a skiing lodge, a private Olympiyskiy swimming pool, and a sports and rest camp by the River Ob.
5-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid is of interest as a starting material in the synthesis of biologically active compounds. However, the known methods for its preparation provide low yields and utilize difficult-to-obtain reagents. Herein, we describe a simple method for the synthesis of 5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid by hydrogenative debenzylation of 1-benzyl-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid or debenzylation of ethyl 1-benzyl-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate and subsequent hydrolysis of the resulting NH-triazole. The proposed method affords NH-triazoles in quantitative yield. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by IR and NMR spectra.
The theoretical ideas of the viscoelasticity mechanism and the ways of their mathematical interpretation being developed simultaneously with the experimental studies are based on the construction of constitutive equations capable of describing the observed features of the viscoelastic behavior of a polymer system. Notwithstanding the considerable achievements of the nonstructural-phenomenological theories, it is obvious that the constitutive equations must be formulated by proceeding from principles based on the dynamics of individual macromolecules. This would enable one to relate the phenomenological constants of the theory to the specific characteristics of a macromolecular chain. The theoretical concepts of the viscoelasticity mechanism of a system of weakly coupled macromolecules have been discussed. The basic conclusions of the theory and its experimental verification bring to light the main features of the behavior of a macromolecule in an undiluted system (among other like macromolecules), namely: “to a first approximation” when perturbed a macromolecule moves in an undiluted system as in an after effect medium; the mean displacement of its center of gravity is of a monotonic and nonlinear nature, viz. the macromolecule is localized near its initial position-a scale of localization or an internal length appears.
Increasing the rate of gas dissolution in liquids is a critical priority for many industries, from chemical engineering and wastewater treatment to the food industry (e.g., beverage carbonation) and medicine (e.g., oxygen therapy). This study aimed to identify which approaches and principles for organizing mass transfer processes during gas absorption by liquids using ultrasound are most effective for creating industrial gas saturation systems. As part of this work, a method for controlling the liquid–gas interface structure was developed. To study the gas absorption process, a laboratory setup capable of maintaining a stable temperature of a liquid–air dispersed system was also developed. When the temperature of a water–glycerin solution increases from 18 °C to 60 °C, the limiting viscosity at which capillary waves form on the liquid–gas interface increases. At elevated temperatures, an increase in the number of disturbances on the interphase surface of a bubbling bubble is observed in liquids with a dynamic viscosity of up to 41 mPa·s. Further research aims to refine the optimal temperature regimes for highly viscous liquids (oil, motor oils, epoxy resins), polymer melts, and gases (ozone, carbon dioxide) based on these findings for water–glycerin mixtures. The results have high practical significance, as the developed method–based on high-intensity ultrasound combined with process temperature optimization–significantly reduces energy consumption for dissolving gases in liquids. This is particularly relevant for isolated energy-deficient areas, including the Arctic regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and contributes to increased economic efficiency and environmental safety of such production.
During the laser welding process of 2xxx series aluminum alloys, the strength of the welded joint is significantly reduced by severe grain boundary segregation in the weld seam, thereby greatly impairing the service performance of the welded structure. The laser beam oscillation can be used to improve the solidification behavior of the molten pool, and effectively suppress grain boundary segregation in the weld seam. In this work, laser beam oscillation welding was applied on the joining of 2219 aluminum alloy plates, and the influence of oscillating patterns on grain boundary segregation in the weld seam was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the circular oscillating pattern shows the best suppression effect on grain boundary segregation in the weld seam. This is attributed to a more uniform temperature distribution in the molten pool promoted by laser beam oscillation. The non-equilibrium solidification phenomena can be significantly reduced, and the distribution of Cu elements in the joint is more uniform. The suppression of grain boundary segregation in the weld seam significantly enhances the joint strength, which increases from 217 to 273 MPa, corresponding to 85
This paper compares CICIoT2023 and IoT-23 not as generic IDS benchmarks, but as test datasets for NGFW-oriented anomaly detection in IoT networks. The comparison is derived from the requirements of the target use case, namely the validation of an NGFW/ADS that combines packet-level and flow-level traffic analysis and operates under near-real-time constraints. Accordingly, dataset suitability is assessed against six criteria: traffic observability, label granularity, temporal grounding, support for latency and false-positive assessment, resistance to evaluation leakage, and suitability for load testing. The analysis shows that CICIoT2023 is more suitable for packet-derived feature engineering, reconstruction of state sequences, and stress testing under broad attack diversity, whereas IoT-23 is more suitable for flow-level monitoring, behavior-oriented interpretation, and latency-aware evaluation because its main labeled object is the Zeek connection record. The two datasets should therefore be treated as complementary rather than interchangeable: IoT-23 is preferable for tuning and validating the flow-analysis channel of an NGFW, whereas CICIoT2023 is preferable for packet-level verification and scalability testing.
