Aomori University (青森大学, Aomori Daigaku) is a private university located in the city of Aomori, Japan, founded in 1968. The university has three major areas of study: business administration, sociology, and software and information technology.
This paper analyses some connectives introduced by Stephen Read, known as 'Bullet connectives'. From the proof-theoretic semantics perspective, these connectives satisfy the requirement of harmony; however, they allow for the looping derivation of a contradiction. Namely, when the operation of detour reduction is applied to such a derivation, it leads to a non-terminating phenomenon. By appealing to Prawtiz's notion of validity, we argue that such connectives cannot be considered as logical ones. Still, it is possible to assign a computational meaning to such connectives, as several useful computation properties are induced by their harmonious behaviour. In particular, we show that a fixed point operator can be defined by using the rules of a generalised version of the Bullet connectives. Such a generalisation is an instance of (non-terminating) recursive types. Finally, we show that type-free (i.e., untyped) lambda-calculus is interpretable in simply typed lambda-calculus extended with yet another variant of the Bullet connectives, and that the introduction rules of the Bullet connectives are interpretable by Nakano's modality in typed lambda-calculus. We conclude that such a computational interpretation of the Bullet connectives is possible only if we separate the notion of types from that of propositions, which are meaningful and assertible linguistic entities (in fact, it is larger). Therefore, the computational interpretation we propose cannot be considered an instance of the Curry-Howard correspondence between propositions and types, and between proofs and programs.
In this Letter, we present a compelling and robust argument for the roles of neutrino fast flavor conversion (FFC) in the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernova (CCSN), combining the multi-angle FFC subgrid model rooted in quantum kinetic theory with the multi-dimensional four-species Boltzmann neutrino radiation hydrodynamics. Employing various progenitor masses and the nuclear equations of states, we find that the effect of FFC on CCSN explosion is bifurcated depending on the progenitors. For the lowest-mass progenitor, FFC facilitates the shock revival and enhances the explosion energy, whereas for higher-mass progenitors its impact is inhibitory. We identify the mass accretion rate as the key determinant governing this bifurcation. When the mass accretion rate is low (high), the contribution of FFC to neutrino heating becomes positive (negative), because the heating efficiency enhancement via FFC-driven spectral hardening of electron-type neutrinos dominates over (is outweighed by) the concurrent reduction in neutrino luminosity. Our results further highlight the limitations of approximate neutrino transport, and demonstrate that a multi-angle treatment is essential for accurately capturing FFC effects; otherwise, FFCs are missed and even generated spuriously.
The previously unknown meta-hydroxy-substituted aryliodonium salts were prepared by a two-step one-pot synthesis based on the reaction of 3-acetoxy-1-[(diacetoxy)iodo]arenes with arylboronic acids, involving the initial formation of 3-acetoxyphenyl(phenyl)iodonium salts and followed by deacetylation of the intermediate product in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The procedure works well with halogen-, methyl-, methoxycarbonyl-, or methoxy-substituted arylboronic acids as well as naphthalenylboronic acids, phenanthren-9-ylboronic acid, and thiophen-3-ylboronic acid. The structure of 3-hydroxyphenyl(phenyl)iodonium triflate was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.
