Apollo Tyres Limited is an Indian Multinational tyre manufacturing company headquartered in Gurugram, Haryana. It was incorporated in 1972, and its first plant was commissioned in Perambra in Chalakudy, Kerala (India). The company now has five manufacturing units in India, one in Netherlands and one in Hungary. It has a network of nearly 5,000 dealerships in India, of which over 2,500 are exclusive outlets.The company generates 69% of its revenues from India, 26% from Europe and 5% from other countries.Apollo announced its entry into the two-wheeler tyre segment with contract manufacturing in March 2016.The company's second plant in Europe, was inaugurated by the Hungarian Prime Minister, Viktor Orban, in April 2017. Shares of Apollo Tyres Ltd. rose to their highest in little over two years in February, 2021 trading at ₹253.10.
In this work, carbon black (CB)/silica colloidal composites were synthesized using a surface adsorption methodology. A unique biocompatible, amphiphilic, non-ionic polysorbetol monoelate easter (Tween 80) surfactant was used to enhance surface activity and wettability of CB aggregates. A metal alkoxide (tetraethoxysilane) was used as precursor for silica precipitation in an acid catalyzed reaction. The precipitated silica gets adsorbed onto surfactant modified CB aggregate via an interactive hydrophilic layer. This results in formation of different configurations of CB/silica colloidal composite, which was characterized by morphological studies. The chemical extraction study was done to quantify, the amount of silica present in CB/silica colloidal composites and observation were further supported by energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizes, the structural arrangement of synthesized materials. The surface-free energies studies by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) were done to understand changes in dispersive and polar component of CB-silica composite compared to conventional filler materials. The distribution of silica in CB/silica composite aggregates was uniform up to adsorption level of 5 wt%. Further, increase in the level of silica adsorption leads to flocculation, causing agglomerated composites. The results obtained encourage adaptation of a simple, low-cost and environmentally friendly process to promote synthesis of CB/silica composite material.
Abstract The dynamic deformation of a viscoelastic material can cause heat generation. This heat generation is an aspect of energy dissipation. The present paper investigates the contribution of crosslink type and density on energy dissipation mechanism in natural rubber compounds. The influences of these elements are investigated using a very high frequency (VHF) analyzer (VHF 104) and a dynamical mechanical analyzer (DMA). The VHF 104 analyzer follows transmissibility and vibration isolation principle, whereas DMA works on dynamical mechanical the deformation principle. Higher crosslink density promotes lower heat generation in rubber compounds. Tan δ interpretation for energy dissipation characteristics of rubbery compounds should be done judiciously to avoid wrong interpretations. Polysulfidic linkages show higher damping ratios (ζ) than monosulfidic or disulfidic linkages due to their dissipative nature. The natural frequency (ωn) of a system at a given mass is the function of its crosslink density.
