This study conducted a comparative analysis of the species composition, morphometric characteristics, and abundance of rumen ciliate protozoa in three cattle breeds: Yakutian aboriginal, Simmental, and crossbred. Rumen samples were collected via esophageal probe, fixed in 4% or 10% formalin, and analyzed within 6 hours. Ciliate abundance ranged from 535 to 26,500 individuals/mL, influenced by season and feeding type (roughage for Yakutian cattle, mixed rations for Simmental and crossbred). Bacterial concentrations ranged from 100 million to 10 billion/mL. The highest species diversity (36 species, 12 genera) was observed in Yakutian cattle, including 13 breed -specific species, such as the rare Charonina ventriculi and a previously undescribed Metadinium sp., likely due to adaptation to coarse feed and the cow-calf housing system. Simmental cattle exhibited two specific species, while crossbred cattle lacked specific species. Morphometric analysis revealed significant differences in cell sizes among breeds (p<0.001), with Metadinium medium being the largest ciliate (up to 224.2 µm in length) and Entodinium exiguum the smallest (28.3–36.4 µm). Faunal comparisons using the Jaccard-Malyshev coefficient (Kj– m = 0.67) and the Chekanovsky-Sørensen index (Ics = 40%) indicated the greatest differences between Yakutian and Simmental cattle. Probiotic transplantation (biomass with > < 0.001), with Metadinium medium being the largest ciliate (up to 224.2 µm in length) and Entodinium exiguum the smallest (28.3–36.4 µm). Faunal comparisons using the Jaccard-Malyshev coefficient (Kj– m = 0.67) and the Chekanovsky-Sørensen index (Ics = 40%) indicated the greatest differences between Yakutian and Simmental cattle. Probiotic transplantation (biomass with >5,000 ciliates/mL) from healthy Yakutian donors to three Holstein heifers confirmed the method’s efficacy in normalizing digestion, restoring microbiota postantibiotic therapy, preventing gastrointestinal disorders, enhancing feed digestibility, and improving productivity. The method reduced diarrheal episodes and improved nitrogen balance, highlighting its potential in cattle farming.
The article examines the state and trends in the development of crop production in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The dynamics of the production of its individual types – potatoes, vegetables, and grain crops by farm categories – were analyzed. It was established that the agrarian policy pursued at the state and regional authorities did not contribute to the production of these cultures. Production volumes not only stabilized but also had a significant decrease. Among the reasons that negatively affect the industry are the lack of effective technologies; soil and climatic conditions, including the factor of risky agriculture; the lack and high cost of mineral fertilizers; the lack of agricultural machinery; and the generally low level of material and technical base of commodity producers. An important reason was also the outflow of the population and, accordingly, the lack of labor resources in rural areas. Thus, all four resources that should be used in agricultural production, namely land, labor resources, other material and technical base (with the exception of land), and capital, did not create conditions for the development of crop production industries. The author determined that it is possible to increase the crop production and ensure the level of food security of the North Arctic regions exemplified by Yakutia by transferring industries to an innovative development path, including improved state regulation and support. The purpose of the study was to identify the features and actual state of crop production industries characteristic of regions with difficult natural and climatic conditions and to determine the main measures of stimulation and influence to increase production volumes. When preparing the article, standard research methods were used based on statistical data and analysis of government program documents. In addition to statistical data from the Federal Statistics Service in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the materials of conferences and reports of federal and regional executive bodies were used to determine trends and problems in the crop production industry.
In the cryolithozone, a study was conducted on the permafrost-affected floodplain soils of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) to examine the influence of agricultural practices on the leaf surface development of proso millet (*Panicum miliaceum* L.) cultivated for forage production. The experiments took place from 2024 to 2026 at the training farm of the Oktemtsy branch of the Arctic State Agrotechnological University (Arctic GATU). The research aimed to investigate the patterns of leaf surface development and the efficiency of its activity in millet crops, depending on seeding rates and mineral nutrition. The 'Kulundinskoye' variety of proso millet was studied based on two factors: seeding rates (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 kg/ha) and application rates of complete mineral fertilizer (NPK) at 60.0, 70, 80, and 90 kg of active ingredient per hectare. It was determined that the maximum leaf surface area for proso millet is achieved at a seeding rate of 30.0 kg/ha; the three-year average for this indicator was 21.5 thousand m²/ha, which is 28.7% higher than the control. Increasing the seeding rate further to 35.0 and 40.0 kg/ha results in a decrease in leaf surface area (to 20.0 and 18.5 thousand m²/ha, respectively). The highest yield of millet forage mass was obtained at a seeding rate of 25.0 kg/ha, reaching 37.3 t/ha—an increase of 10.3% over the control. Applying NPK at a rate of 70.0 kg of active ingredient per hectare results in the largest leaf surface area for the crop (21.4 thousand m²/ha, which is 31.3% higher than the control) and the highest yield of forage biomass for proso millet (43.5 t/ha, 35.9% higher than the control).
Before the first pass, the surface traversed by forestry machines initially exhibits a specific micro-relief resulting from the presence of randomly distributed stones, stumps, hummocks, etc. Stumps must be cut flush with the ground when clearing skidding trails in order to avoid obstruction of the movement of forest machines. However, meeting this requirement is not always technically feasible during machinery-based timber harvesting and clearing skidding trails with logging machines. Moreover, there is a significant difference in the track surface deformation and the formation of large obstacles along the track length due to the considerable variations in density and strength between the naturally layered soil and stumps (stones), beginning with the first pass of a forestry machine along the skidding trail (especially in hot season). As a result, the track surface profile resembles a comb, with the ridges arranged randomly. This effect becomes apparent particularly quickly when operating wheeled forestry machines. The research aimed to propose a mathematical model of the moist soil layer deformation under cyclic dynamic loads. It is assumed that the model should consider the fluctuations in its moisture content and, consequently, strength and elastic and plastic behavior that influence the rutting along a forest machine’s route, which contains significantly high obstacles. The parameters received through calculations of the interaction between a multiaxial wheeled machine and low-bearing-capacity soils with high moisture content, as well as the consolidation of these soils, provide a reliable essement of effective skidding parameters. This paper provides practical recommendations and justifies the need to equip wheel pairs with wheeled caterpillar tracks in challenging ground conditions for skidding operations in order to achieve high productivity of forest machines. The findings showed that the soil had been strengthened by the removal of liquid from it caused by the movement of a forest machine. This effect helps slow down the increase in rut depth. Funding: The work was carried out within the framework of the scientific school “Innovative Solutions in the Logging Industry and Forestry” of the Arctic State Agrotechnological University and financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 26-16-00047, https://rscf.ru/project/26-16-00047/. For citation: Shapiro V.Ya., Grigorev I.V., Sibiryatkin E.V., Tihonov E.A., Revyako S.I. Dynamic Interference of a Multiaxial Wheeled Forestry machine with Obstacles on Weakly Bearing Soils. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2026, no. 5, pp. 107–126. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2026-5-107-126
The article deals with the problem of the discrepancy between the qualifications of specialists and the requirements of digital transformation of forest management in the context of the introduction of FGIS LC. The necessity of transition from the traditional model of personnel policy to the digital grading system is substantiated. A network-centric model of branch interaction based on a digital competence passport has been developed. Economic and mathematical models for assessing the effectiveness of grading are presented, including the calculation of averted damage and optimization of the wage fund. The economic feasibility of the system implementation has been proved.
