Autonomous University of Zacatecas

Uranium, thorium, plutonium and americium are determined in soil, sediment, water and air for radiation protection and source attribution, but the change in measurement techniques since Chernobyl has not been quantified. This review combines a critical synthesis of method papers with a bibliometric data set of 32,181 OpenAlex records (1986–2026; 3254 naming a technique), analysed by trend tests, correspondence analysis, principal component analysis and Ward clustering and cross-checked in IAEA INIS, to test three hypotheses. H1, that mass spectrometry has replaced decay counting, was only partly supported: the share of analytical records naming inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) rose from 19% in 1990–99 to 41% in 2016–25 (Mann–Kendall τ = +0.43, p < 0.001) and thermal ionisation mass spectrometry, neutron activation and fission track declined, but alpha spectrometry fell only from 21% to 15%, gamma spectrometry stayed near 29%, and the two families have shared mentions roughly equally since 2011. H2, that technique use is organised by the analytical problem, was supported: the only bootstrap-stable cluster grouped alpha spectrometry with sector-field ICP-MS and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) as a transuranic ultra-trace group, and correspondence analysis separated transuranic from natural-series methods (47.9% of inertia). H3, that the transition is not an artefact of one index, was supported (Spearman ρ = 0.83 between OpenAlex and INIS). Detection limits for 239Pu range from 10 fg (alpha spectrometry) to 0.2 fg (AMS). Priorities are comparable detection-limit reporting, wider access to AMS and ICP-MS/MS, and monitoring of 241Am ingrowth until the mid-2030s.

It is known that for binary codes one can use Gröbner bases to obtain a subset of codewords of minimal support that can be used to determine the second generalized Hamming weight of the code. In this paper, we show that this property fails in general by exhibiting, for each nonbinary finite field, a family of linear codes for which the property does not hold. However, we provide a sufficient condition on a nonbinary code ensuring that the property hold. Although this condition involves the second generalized Hamming weight of the code, it identifies the obstruction to extending the binary case, which lies in the size of a certain set associated with the code. Furthermore, we prove that whenever the subset obtained via Gröbner bases suffices to determine the second generalized Hamming weight, this invariant can also be recovered from the degrees of the syzygies of a minimal free resolution.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most significant infectious diseases globally, particularly affecting low- and middle-income countries, including Mexico. Its persistence is driven, among other factors, by the emergence of drug-resistant strains and the complex genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). Accurate identification and molecular characterization of circulating strains are essential for understanding transmission dynamics and guiding public health interventions. In this study, we employed Deeplex Myc-TB to analyze 143 samples from Mexico of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), a targeted deep sequencing assay, to perform comprehensive detection of drug resistance-associated mutations and detailed spoligotype profiling in Mtb isolates. Herein, we report the distribution of known and novel spoligofamilies, including previously uncharacterized patterns not found in existing in Deeplex Myc-TB databases. Additionally, we identified several mutations linked to resistance against first- and second-line drugs. This providing insight into the local epidemiology of drug-resistant (DR-TB).

MnS thin films were synthesized on glass, ITO, and FTO substrates using the SILAR method to evaluate their crystal quality and growth behavior. The deposition process involves the formation of an electrical double layer on the substrate surface, followed by a chemical reaction that facilitates MnS adhesion. Electrical properties were assessed using a four-point probe, while structural, morphological, and compositional analyses were conducted via XRD, SEM, and Raman spectroscopy. The findings demonstrate that substrate type significantly influences the structural, optical, and electrical properties of MnS films, with transparent conductive oxides yielding more stable and higher-quality films.

The increase in non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) associated with sedentary lifestyles constitutes a priority challenge for health systems in Mexico. Professional training in Physical Culture may serve as a key agent in promoting active and healthy lifestyles. However, the public health relevance of university curricula remains a subject of debate. To analyze the orientation of undergraduate curricula and study programs in Physical Culture in Mexico in order to determine their focus on health care. A documentary, descriptive, and comparative study was conducted using information available on the institutional websites of public universities and teacher-training colleges. Curricular categorization matrices were constructed to identify the percentage of credits allocated to health-related areas, as well as the relationship between these orientations and state-level epidemiological indicators. A marked heterogeneity in the curricular presence of a health-oriented approach was observed, highlighting a clear dichotomy between universities and teacher-training colleges. Preventive and biomedical orientations are not standardized at the national level, which limits an adequate professional response to public health problems. Guidelines are proposed to strengthen the incorporation of a health-oriented approach in professional training in Physical Culture.