Ayub Medical College (Urdu, Hindko: ایوب طبی کالج, Pashto: د ايوب طبي کالج, or AMC) is a leading public medical institute located in Abbottabad, Pakistan. It is one of the medical colleges affiliated to Khyber Medical University. AMC is home to 1,500 students in the MBBS and BDS programs, with clinical rotations at Ayub Teaching Hospital. Faculty members hold appointments at basic sciences and clinical departments. There are 212 full-time faculty members: lecturers, assistant professors, associate professors and professors.
Post-transplant hypertension is common in kidney transplant recipients and contributes to cardiovascular risk and allograft dysfunction. Most available data come from studies where the primary indication for SGLT2 inhibitor use was post-transplant diabetes mellitus or cardiorenal protection, with blood pressure assessed as a secondary outcome. To systematically evaluate the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on blood pressure, metabolic and renal outcomes, and safety in kidney transplant recipients. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus clinical trial registries were systematically searched from inception to October 20, 2025. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies were included. Primary outcomes were changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 3, 6, and 12 months. Secondary outcomes included body weight, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), renal function, and adverse events. Twelve studies comprising 1,292 participants were included. In controlled difference-in-differences analyses (5 studies), SGLT2 inhibitors showed no significant blood pressure reductions versus control at any time point. Exploratory single-arm analyses suggested within-group systolic blood pressure reductions at 3 and 6 months; however, these estimates are at high risk of bias and cannot establish treatment effect. Exploratory single-arm analyses suggested modest short-term reductions in systolic blood pressure and suggested metabolic effects with an acceptable safety profile. However, controlled difference-in-differences analyses showed no significant blood pressure reductions versus control. Most available evidence derives from studies in which SGLT2 inhibitors were not initiated specifically for blood pressure control. Dedicated randomized controlled trials are required to determine their role in the management of post-transplant hypertension.
As robotic cholecystectomy adoption accelerates, the evidence comparing the perioperative outcomes of the Da Vinci Xi (DV-Xi) multiport platform to the Da Vinci Single-Port (DV-Sp) platform remains scarce. This meta-analysis provides the first systematic comparison of perioperative outcomes between these platforms. To compare perioperative safety and operative efficiency outcomes between the DV-Sp and the DV-Xi systems performing cholecystectomy. We thoroughly searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception till December 22, 2025. The key outcomes of interest included mean operative time, console time, docking time, pain scores on the day of the operation, pain scores after 24 h, estimated blood loss, and length of hospital stay. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis using RStudio v 4.5.2. The ROBINS-I was used for the risk of bias assessment. A GRADE assessment through GRADEpro was performed. Four observational studies comprising 833 patients (DV-Sp: n = 416; DV-Xi: n = 417) met the set inclusion criteria, and no RCTs were found. The DV-Sp showed significantly decreased mean operative time (MD = -2.41 min; 95
Age-related proliferation of indeterminate capacity hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells bearing somatic mutations, mainly in DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1, is referred to as clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). In addition to the well-known premalignant effects, CHIP causes systemic effects and predisposes to cardiovascular disease, thromboembolism, and dysfunction of multiple organs. Mutant neutrophils have been increasingly recognized as contributors to this pathology. These cells exhibit aberrant phenotypes and epigenetic alterations associated with pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic phenotypes that may favor NET formation. Uncontrolled NETosis may promote endothelial damage, platelet aggregation, and microvascular thrombosis that creates a vicious loop of thromboinflammation. The association of CHIP-related NETosis with venous and arterial thromboses, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and organ-specific damage has been reported, although the main contribution is largely referred from indirect biomarker-based evidence or extrapolation from related conditions. Instead of detecting NET production directly, several studies employ indirect NET markers (such as MPO-DNA, citH3, and cfDNA). Activation of PAD4, generation of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines are the main modulators implicated in mechanistic studies. Clinically, therapies against NETs using DNase, PAD4, or cytokine blockade have the potential to reduce the risk of thromboinflammation. Although supported by compelling preclinical and observational evidence, there are still challenges because of the use of retrospective studies, murine models, and indirect measure of NET.The current evidence base consists primary of preclinical (murine and in vitro) studies along with observational human data. Future studies are required on prospective trials, mutation-directed biomarkers, and precision medicine modalities to regulate mutant neutrophil functions. Insight into NET-mediated pathogenesis in CHIP does not just clarify the pathways between clonal hematopoiesis and thromboinflammation and dysfunction in the body but also provides opportunities to formulate specific solutions to decrease cardiovascular and systemic illnesses in victims.
Edaravone dexborneol (ED), a combination of edaravone and ( +)-borneol, offers antioxidant and anti-inflammatory neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Prior meta-analyses were limited by small sample sizes, inclusion of observational studies, and lack of subgroup evaluations. To assess the efficacy and safety of ED in AIS, including patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to February 2026 using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The primary outcome was excellent functional recovery (mRS 0–1 at 90 days). Secondary outcomes included mRS 0–2 and 3–6, NIHSS changes, mortality, hemorrhagic complications, cognitive and functional measures, and adverse events. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were evaluated using RoB 2 and GRADE. Eight RCTs (n = 4,197) were included. ED significantly improved mRS 0–1 (RR = 1.14; 95
