Khyber Medical College (Urdu: کالج طبی خیبر, abbreviated as KMC) was established in 1954.The entire process of admissions to all the public sector medical and dental colleges of the province and FATA is managed by the Directorate of Admission in Khyber Medical College. Beside undergraduate medical education, the college offers teaching and research facilities to the postgraduate students, i.e., M. Phil, in all basic Medical Sciences, FCPS in Clinical as well as basic medical sciences, and minor diplomas in many specialties It is one of the several medical schools affiliated with Khyber Medical University and is recognized by PMDC.e.
Edaravone dexborneol (ED), a combination of edaravone and ( +)-borneol, offers antioxidant and anti-inflammatory neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Prior meta-analyses were limited by small sample sizes, inclusion of observational studies, and lack of subgroup evaluations. To assess the efficacy and safety of ED in AIS, including patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to February 2026 using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The primary outcome was excellent functional recovery (mRS 0–1 at 90 days). Secondary outcomes included mRS 0–2 and 3–6, NIHSS changes, mortality, hemorrhagic complications, cognitive and functional measures, and adverse events. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were evaluated using RoB 2 and GRADE. Eight RCTs (n = 4,197) were included. ED significantly improved mRS 0–1 (RR = 1.14; 95
Resistant hypertension remains a major clinical challenge despite multidrug therapy. Baxdrostat, a highly selective aldosterone synthase inhibitor, has emerged as a novel treatment option. We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate its efficacy and safety. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched through April 30, 2026, for randomized controlled trials comparing baxdrostat with control in uncontrolled or resistant hypertension. Random-effects meta-analyses, Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA), subgroup/sensitivity analyses, risk of bias, and GRADE evaluations were performed. Baxdrostat significantly reduced seated systolic blood pressure (SBP) overall (MD: − 6.69 mmHg, 95
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are increasingly prevalent, interrelated conditions contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Understanding long-term mortality trends is essential to guide public health strategies. This study aimed to evaluate nationwide mortality trends involving NAFLD and DM in the United States from 1999 to 2022 and to assess demographic and geographic disparities. CDC WONDER was used to extract data for adults aged ≥ 25 years. 10th Revision (ICD−10), using the explicit codes with K74.0, K74.6, K75.8, K76.0 and K76.9 for NAFLD and E10-E14 for DM. Age- Adjusted Mortality Rates (AAMRs) per million population were calculated and trends were analyzed by calculating annual percent change (APC) and the average annual percent change (AAPC) using Joinpoint Regression Program (version 5.2.0.0; National Cancer Institute), with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. From 1999 to 2022, a total of 126,431 NAFLD and DM related deaths were recorded with most of the deaths occurring in Medical Facilities (43.52
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a severe immune-driven polyneuropathy marked by the acute onset of flaccid paralysis, areflexia, and in severe cases, life-threatening autonomic or respiratory failure. Although the clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria are widely established, the precise mechanisms underlying GBS are complex and poorly understood. This review summarizes current literature on the interplay of post-infectious triggers, molecular mimicry, and host susceptibility as influenced by genetic and epigenetic variables. Infectious pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and, more recently, Zika and SARS-CoV-2 operate as initiators via molecular mimicry, in which pathogen antigens imitate peripheral nerve components, triggering the formation of autoreactive antibody and T-cell responses. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) is characterized by demyelination and inflammatory cytokine responses, whereas acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) is associated with ganglioside-targeting antibodies and axonal loss. Genetic polymorphisms, such as those in HLA, TLR4, MMP9, and CD1A, influence vulnerability to the disease and its progression. Given that many patients experience persistent sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction despite treatment, the identification of long-term complications highlights the necessity of customized rehabilitation and long-term follow-up. Traditional therapeutic techniques, such as plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin, remain in use, but current trials on complement inhibitors, antibody-degrading enzymes, and mesenchymal stem cell therapies indicate a move toward mechanism-driven approaches. Despite these advances, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding predictors of poor outcomes and underlying causes of persistent disabilities and complications, highlighting the need for continued translational and clinical research.
BACKGROUND:Acute suicidality is an emergency psychiatric condition that requires urgent treatment. Traditional treatment approaches, such as antidepressant pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, take weeks to achieve optimal effectiveness, hence exposing patients in imminent crisis to significant risk. Ketamine is a fast-acting N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that has been suggested as a possible treatment option for suicidality. The current meta-analysis aims at comparing the relative efficacy and safety of ketamine with midazolam, an active sedative/anxiolytic comparator used in ketamine trials to support masking/blinding and control nonspecific acute effects, for reducing suicidal ideation and co-occurring depression severity. METHODS:The systematic search was done on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central databases by July 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved ketamine and midazolam in adults with acute suicidality were chosen. The major outcomes were the variations in suicidal ideation as assessed by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale-Suicidal Ideation item (MADRS-SI) and Beck Scale of Suicide Ideation (BSS). Additional outcomes were the severity of depression in general (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score) and adverse events. Pooled effects were calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS:This systematic review comprised ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 649 participants. The meta-analysis showed that the administration of ketamine was linked to a considerable decrease in suicidal ideation in comparison to midazolam with mean differences of -1.23 points on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-SI; 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.14 to -0.32) and -4.30 points on the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS; 95% CI -8.01 to -0.59). Ketamine was also associated with reduced severity of depressive symptoms compared to midazolam, with a difference of -6.23 (95% CI -10.37 to -2.08) on the MADRS total score. At the same time, adverse events such as nausea, emotional disturbance, derealization, and dizziness were much more frequent in the ketamine group. CONCLUSIONS:Ketamine is much more effective than midazolam in the short-term improvement of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms in adult patients with acute suicidality. Despite the fact that ketamine is linked to increased rates of transient adverse effects, its quick action makes it an especially appealing intervention in emergency psychiatric treatment. Further research is thus needed to clarify the long-term effectiveness of the agent and to optimize the best treatment regimes.
