There is conflicting evidence regarding the optimal management strategy for cervical radiculopathy. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relative effectiveness of nonsurgical treatment and surgical care in adult patients with cervical radiculopathy. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing nonsurgical treatment with surgical treatment. All statistical analyses were performed using RevMan version 5.4. Five RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Surgical treatment significantly improved neck pain (SMD 0.70, 95
Vasculogenesis, the de novo formation of blood vessels from endothelial progenitor cells, is increasingly recognized as a critical contributor to tumor vascularization, complementing classical angiogenesis and promoting cancer progression, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and disease recurrence. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms governing vasculogenesis across human malignancies and to discuss their translational relevance for targeted cancer therapy. This is a narrative, mechanistically oriented review rather than a systematic review or meta-analysis. The literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, with the primary search covering publications from January 2010 to February 2026, while seminal earlier studies were included when they established fundamental concepts in vascular biology. Search terms included combinations of "vasculogenesis", "tumor vasculogenesis", "angiogenesis", "endothelial progenitor cells", "vascular remodeling", "VEGF", "HIF-1α", "Notch", "Wnt", "PI3K/AKT", "TGF-β", "EndMT", "mechanotransduction", "non-coding RNAs", "tumor microenvironment", and "cancer". Evidence was qualitatively appraised and synthesized according to mechanistic relevance and consistency across experimental and clinical studies. The reviewed literature highlights the complex interplay between developmental signaling pathways, endothelial plasticity, mechanical cues, inflammatory mediators, and non-coding RNAs in regulating tumor vasculogenesis. Collectively, these findings suggest that targeting vasculogenesis-related pathways may complement existing anti-angiogenic therapies and represent a promising strategy for improving precision oncology and overcoming treatment resistance.
Background: Fezolinetant is a nonhormonal neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist approved for moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms of menopause. Recent post-marketing safety communications have raised concern regarding potential liver injury, making early pharmacovigilance characterization clinically relevant. Aim: To characterize early hepatic adverse-event signals for fezolinetant in FAERS, distinguishing biochemical liver-test abnormalities from coded clinical liver-injury events. Methods: Raw FAERS quarterly ASCII files from 2023Q1 through 2026Q1 were analyzed. Reports were deduplicated by CASEID, retaining the most recent FDA date and case version. The primary exposure cohort included reports in which fezolinetant was coded as primary suspect (role_cod=PS); sensitivity analyses included primary or secondary suspect reports. Prespecified hepatic preferred terms were grouped into narrow clinical injury terms and broad hepatic enzyme/laboratory abnormalities. A case/non-case disproportionality analysis was performed using reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network-derived IC025, and MGPS-style EBGM/EB05 shrinkage. Additional analyses included menopause-related active comparators, expanded hepatic-laboratory terms, top reported adverse events, quarterly reporting trends, and THER-based time-to-onset among reports with complete therapy start and event dates. Results: Among 4,566,098 deduplicated FAERS cases, 1,761 were fezolinetant primary-suspect reports, 1,776 were PS+SS reports, and 1,939 mentioned fezolinetant in any role. The primary-suspect cohort was predominantly female (1,659; 94.2%) and mainly reported from the United States (76.0%). Serious outcomes occurred in 75 reports (4.3%), hospitalization in 49 (2.8%), and death in 2 (0.1%). Overall, 274 primary-suspect reports (15.6%) contained any prespecified hepatic term, including 249 (14.1%) broad hepatic enzyme/laboratory terms and 32 (1.8%) narrow clinical injury terms. Top reported events included drug ineffective (n=219), alanine aminotransferase increased (n=182), hepatic enzyme increased (n=171), aspartate aminotransferase increased (n=138), off-label use (n=105), headache (n=98), hot flush (n=86), and liver function test increased (n=84). All five prespecified broad hepatic laboratory terms showed strong multi-method concordance, with RORs from 11.3 to 49.1, IC025 values from 2.6 to 5.2, and EB05 values from 5.8 to 38.3. Among narrow clinical injury terms, jaundice showed a four-method signal (n=8), whereas liver injury (n=11) and hepatic failure (n=5) showed weaker signals not consistently confirmed by EB05. Drug-induced liver injury, hepatitis, hepatocellular injury, and hyperbilirubinaemia were sparse or null. Broad hepatic signals persisted in PS+SS sensitivity analysis and versus menopause-related comparator drugs. Expanded hepatic-laboratory sensitivity analysis also identified strong signals for hepatic enzyme increased, liver function test increased, gamma-glutamyltransferase increased, and blood alkaline phosphatase increased. Among reports with complete therapy and event dates, median time-to-onset for any hepatic term was 59.5 days. Conclusion: In early raw FAERS data, fezolinetant showed a dominant hepatic laboratory signal, while coded clinical liver injury was infrequent.Findings are hypothesis-generating and cannot establish incidence, risk, or causality.
Abstract Introduction Medical students experience significant psychological and physiological stress due to demanding training and lifestyle. Mental health issues such as depression, eating disorders, and anxiety1 are common. Lifestyle factors—including genetic predisposition, poor sleep,2 irregular diet,3 and chronic stress—also play an important role. These factors may lead to metabolic changes such as altered fasting glucose, weight fluctuations and reduced well-being. Studying these patterns helps clarify their link with fasting glucose and metabolic risk, especially in genetically predisposed individuals. Aim To evaluate the effect of exam-period lifestyle changes (sleep, stress, diet) on fasting glucose levels and metabolic risk among medical students, and to determine whether these changes are common. Methods A case-control survey was conducted among 200 medical students (1st–6th year) at BAU International University, Georgia. Participants represented diverse nationalities. Data were collected via questionnaire assessing demographics, chronic and genetic diseases, sleep, study habits, stress, and physical activity. Fasting glucose was measured during the final exam period. The analysis focused on associations between lifestyle factors and glucose levels. Results Among 200 students (mean age 21.8 years; 59% female), 93 (46.5%) without chronic disease or family history were excluded. Data from 80 students were analyzed: 20% with chronic disease and family history of diabetes, and 20% with family history, without chronic disease. Among chronic cases, insulin resistance was present in 7%, PCOS in 4.5%, and type 1 diabetes in 0.5%. Many were likely pre-diabetic. Family history included type 2 diabetes in 48 (24%), type 1 in 14 (7%). During exams, 57% slept <6 hours and 73% reported moderate–severe anxiety. Symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, tremor and poor concentration were reported by 76%. Physical activity decreased in 32%; weight gain occurred in 20%, 60% consumed unhealthy diets. Mean glucose was 91.3 and mean BMI 25.4. Conclusion Higher stress and shorter sleep were linked to increased fasting glucose and BMI, especially in insulin-resistant and pre-diabetic students. These findings suggest increased risk of dysglycemia. Greater awareness, lifestyle support, and preventive strategies are needed to improve both students’ well-being and future patient care.
This study discusses the barriers to education of girl children in Uganda between 2000 and 2024 with particular attention to gender inequality in the number of children enrolled, retained, and completed. Girls are particularly disadvantaged by the policies such as Universal Primary Education (UPE) and Universal Secondary Education (USE) due to such factors as early marriage, teen pregnancy, economic difficulties and violence based on gender. This study draws synthesis of the quantitative trends and qualitative findings of past studies on the same using secondary data provided by various organizations like the World Bank, UNESCO, and UNICEF. Secondary data indicates that the enrollment rates have been improved, but only 27
