Bhilai Institute of Technology (BIT) is the first self-financed engineering college in Central India. Established in 1986, it was affiliated to Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University..
Hydrogen is one of the major pillars of the low-carbon economy, but its wide application is limited by difficulties in storage. Metal hydrides (MHs) represent excellent candidates for storage since they are characterized by high volumetric density, reversibility, and safety. This article provides a thorough and integrative review of novel generation MH storage technologies based on intermetallic, complex, magnesium, and chemical hydrides with special focus on thermodynamics and kinetics of these processes. Major restrictions, including high temperatures of desorption, slow kinetics, and cycling instability, are discussed in conjunction with current advanced approaches to address the issue of MH properties improvement, such as catalyst addition, nanoscale modifications, composite materials, and HEA engineering. Special attention is paid to innovative HEA materials, which can improve hydrogen mobility and binding energies due to composition engineering and lattice distortion. In addition, a rapid growth in the use of artificial intelligence algorithms for the fast development of new materials with tailored features and accurate hydrogen storage property prediction is described. Relevance to practice is supported by examples involving hydrogen fuel cells for transport and space applications. Although MH-based storage technologies still have certain drawbacks, such as heat management, material stability, and environmental aspects, they have great promise as reliable and scalable platforms for hydrogen storage.
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) based on CoCrFeMnNi continue to attract attention to their balanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance; however, their tribological response remains strongly path-dependent. This review combines processing routes such as casting, powder metallurgy/spark plasma sintering (SPS), additive manufacturing (SLM/LPBF), and coating methods such as PVD/thermal spray with the resultant phase constitution (FCC, BCC, σ, and Laves) and defect structures to describe their trends in hardness, friction, and wear at room temperature up to approximately 800 o C. To balance different literature reports, we standardize the units of wear and cluster complete test data (counterface, load, kinematics, atmosphere, and temperature) so that quantitative comparison between studies is possible. Determining (i) systematic decreases when the FCC changes to BCC or intermetallic-reinforced state and (ii) a crossover in temperature at which many coating types can minimize wear at approximately 400 o C before increasing in temperature, a causal map was constructed linking route-controlled phase selection and secondary reinforcers (e.g., carbides/solid lubricants) to effect sizes in selective wear and friction. A route-selection guide, important information gaps in tribocorrosion (sliding-electrochemistry coupling), and template reporting tools that improve design and reproducibility are included at the conclusion of the review. All these factors lead to a consistent foundation on which to build the engineering of Cantor based HEAs and coating to meet desired wear windows in commercial environments.
This study investigates the microstructural and mechanical effects of incorporating 1.5 wt
Composite materials based on polymers are being identified as helping to promote sustainable infrastructure by providing lightweight, durable, and corrosion-resistant solutions. Their applications span construction, transportation, energy, and marine sectors, enabling longer service life, reduced maintenance, and enhanced performance of modern structural systems. The curing process plays an essential role in determining the performance and reliability of polymer composites, influencing their mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties. This review aims to explore the advances, challenges, and opportunities in curing methods for polymer composites, focusing on both traditional and emerging techniques. Key motivations include the need for faster curing times, improved material properties, and enhanced sustainability in the processing of composite materials. The review covers all forms of curing, ranging from heat, ultraviolet, and microwave curing to more recent technologies like additive manufacturing. It further addresses existing challenges, including process optimization in curing, enhancement of energy efficiency, and ensuring compatibility across materials. Various research highlights that significant progress has already been made, still there is a need to overcome current challenges and design the full potential of polymer composites for the next-generation market. The review also explores sustainable curing approaches that reduce environmental impact by minimizing energy consumption and incorporating eco-friendly additives, thus advancing the development of green polymer composites for building and construction applications.
Energy management in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) remains a major challenge, affecting hydrogen utilization, system lifespan, and overall efficiency. Traditional FCVs require additional batteries or ultra-capacitors to stabilize voltage during dynamic load conditions, which increases cost and environmental burden. This study aims to evaluate a battery-free FCV architecture that eliminates the need for auxiliary energy storage by optimizing DC-DC converter and integrating energy management to improve voltage regulation, reduce system cost, and enhance hydrogen utilization. The proposed system integrates a DC-DC converter, whose control factors are optimized utilizing Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (GOA) to achieve cost minimization and voltage stability. A Hybrid Graph Convolutional Neural Network (HGCNN) is also employed to enhance predictive energy management, improving hydrogen economy and extending fuel cell life. This combined approach is named as GOA-HGCNN. The approach is simulated using MATLAB and findings demonstrate that proposed GOA-HGCNN technique achieves substantial reduction in FC cost compared to various existing methods. The method also ensures stable voltage regulation under varying operating conditions, reduces torque ripple and improves efficiency without requiring lithium-ion batteries or super capacitors. The proposed GOA-HGCNN hybrid control strategy delivers a scalable, cost-effective, and sustainable solution for battery-free FCVs. By eliminating battery dependency and enhancing hydrogen utilization, the study supports long-term system reliability, reduced environmental impact, and alignment with clean mobility objectives.
