In this paper, we study the well-posedness and boundary stabilization of the initial-boundary value problem for the complex Ginzburg-Landau (CGL) equation on a finite interval. First, we establish a local well-posedness theory for the open loop model in L^2-based fractional Sobolev spaces in the case of Dirichlet-Neumann type inhomogeneous mixed boundary conditions. This local well-posedness result is based on linear estimates derived by using the weak solution formula obtained via the unified transform (also known as the Fokas method). Next, we study the global well-posedness properties of the open loop model in presence of inhomogeneous boundary conditions. Then, we turn our attention to the rapid boundary feedback stabilization problem and design a nonlocal controller which uses a finite number of Fourier modes of the state of solution. This design relies on the fact that solutions of the CGL equation can be separated into a slow, finite-dimensional component and a rapidly decaying tail, with the former primarily governing long-term behavior. We determine the necessary number of modes required to stabilize the system at a specified rate. Additionally, we identify the minimum number of modes that ensure stabilization at an unspecified decay rate. These theoretical results are validated by numerical simulations. The spatiotemporal estimates established in the first part of the paper are also employed to obtain local solutions of the controlled system. The existence of global energy solutions follows from stabilization estimates, while uniqueness follows from the uniqueness of an associated initial-boundary value problem with homogeneous boundary conditions whose solutions are in correspondence with the solutions of the original system through a bounded invertible Volterra-type integral transform on Sobolev spaces.
Despite acknowledging the complementary role of chemical equilibrium-based pedagogical treatments on students’ academic performance, the related science education literature has not examined their practical effectiveness and significance via a meta-analysis method. Therefore, this study intends to meta-analytically explore their effectiveness in improving students’ academic performance. It included 55 studies (k) from 51 unique sources. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the overall effect-size (Hedges’ g = 1.028) fell into the large effect. This means that the treatments are more effective in enhancing students’ academic performance of chemical equilibrium than the controlled ones. Nevertheless, the variability in the effect-sizes revealed the importance of the treatment types and educational contexts. Also, the results indicated that the moderator variables were statistically non-significant (p > 0.05) but categorically played a crucial role at predicting the students’ academic performance through the treatments. Given the descriptive findings, the current meta-analysis offers the following individual moderator levels to better teach and measure the topic “chemical equilibrium”: university (for educational level), inquiry-based learning (for type of treatment), open-ended question (for question type) and teacher (for practitioner). Of course, chemistry teachers and science educators should take into consideration the role of educational contexts in learning chemical equilibrium, while deciding the type of treatment to teach it.
Considering the complex linkages between exchange rate pass-through, energy prices, and inflation, involving monetary policy interactions in inflation-targeting and non-targeting economies, we examine the effect of exchange rate pass-through, the central bank's inflation management, and money on aggregate energy price for a sample of 25 countries using panel VAR and Bayesian VAR techniques. Results show that exchange rate pass-through, inflation, oil prices, and liquidity are causally linked, with oil prices impacting inflation, liquidity, and policy rates. We also find that countries that enforce inflation targeting in monetary policy can better manage sudden inflation by a readjustment in policy rates. The findings have insightful consequences for policy-making authorities.
Academic procrastination is a widespread problem among students and is associated with detrimental academic and psychological outcomes. While various perspectives have been employed to study the predictors of procrastination, the literature remains fragmented. This study aims to integrate the differential and motivational perspectives on academic procrastination by examining both a trait-like predictor (multidimensional perfectionism) and a motivational predictor (basic psychological need satisfaction) of academic procrastination in an integrated model. A sample of 441 Turkish university students (M age = 20.13, SD = 2.03 years) completed self-report measures, and the data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The main findings showed that perfectionistic strivings positively predicted need satisfaction, whereas perfectionistic concerns negatively predicted it; in turn, need satisfaction negatively predicted academic procrastination. Furthermore, need satisfaction did not mediate the relation between multidimensional perfectionism and academic procrastination. However, supplementary analyses indicated that when examined separately, the needs for autonomy and competence mediate the relation between multidimensional perfectionism and academic procrastination. In addition to providing a more unified understanding of academic procrastination, these findings support the existence of trait-like antecedents of need satisfaction-an often-neglected area of research. The implications of the current findings are discussed.
This paper provides evidence of how positive and negative monetary policy surprises affect exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) for the CPI inflation rate and its 12 subcomponents by using the state space model with monthly data from January 2013 to December 2023 for T & uuml;rkiye. The empirical findings from the CPI inflation rate and its subcomponents show that a looser-than-expected monetary policy affects ERPT more than a tighter-than-expected monetary policy. The impacts of the increases in positive monetary policy surprises on ERPT are highest in Transport; Furnishing, Household Equip. & etc.; Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages; Education; and Clothing and Footwear sectors, which are more dependent on imported inputs and thus more sensitive to exchange rate movements. The impacts of the increases in the negative monetary policy surprises on ERPT are highest in Transport; Health; Furnishing, Household Equip. & etc.; Miscellaneous Goods and Services; Hotels, Cafes and Restaurants; and Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages. Consequently, these findings demonstrate the benefits of a positive monetary policy surprise to struggle inflation problem by reducing the ERPT. Within this framework, the implementation of front-loaded, i.e. proactive interest rate decisions, may be put forward as a policy recommendation for the success of controlling inflation.
