U.) is a public university in Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India. It was established by the West Bengal Government as a teaching and affiliating university on 15 June 1960 with six graduate departments and 30 undergraduate colleges spread over three districts that come under the jurisdiction of the university. The university currently offers more than 30 undergraduate and 66 postgraduate courses.The University has been accredited with 'Grade A' by NAAC in the year 2016.The European Space Agency wishes to thank The University of Burdwan for the successful Galileo position fix made on 3rd July, 2013 in Burdwan.
Millet is a desirable crop due to its adaptability to climate change and its contribution to sustainable development goals (SDGs) in agronomic relevance and food value. The present study examines the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm properties of bioactive compounds and the proximate composition of three millets, viz. Echinochloa frumentacea, Paspalum scrobiculatum, and Panicum sumatrense were cultivated in Panchal, Bankura, West Bengal, India. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is employed to detect the presence of bioactive compounds. Further, total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant properties were examined. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity was performed against the ethanolic extract of P. scrobiculatum. E. frumentacea and P. sumatrense against P. aeruginosa (ATCC 10145), E. coli (ATCC 25922), and S. aureus (ATCC 6538). The carbohydrate content is highest in P. scrobiculatum. E. frumentacea and P. sumatrense possess a significant protein content. Echinochloa frumentacea contains the maximum fat content. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected the presence of hydrocarbon, fatty acid, and fatty amide compounds in the acidified methanolic extracts of millets. P. scrobiculatum showed the highest phenolic (203.25 ± 10.16 mgGAE/100 g) and flavonoid (179.02 ± 8.95 mgQE/100 g) content. E. frumentacea showed the maximum antioxidant activity (91.02 ± 4.56
In today's saturated market, chemical-based products often harm human health and the environment, while carbon emissions from production pose a significant challenge to sustainable manufacturing. Simultaneously, companies face competitive pressure to attract consumers through various offers. Against this backdrop, this study develops an optimal policy for an imperfect production system of green products, incorporating emission reduction, replacement, and rework strategies. Motivated by realistic business practices, the model treats an item's greening index as a time-dependent function. It also considers that the replacement period for faulty items has a non-linear impact on the system's total revenue. The model is subsequently analysed under two distinct cases based on the emission reduction policy applied. The time-dependent greening index presents a major challenge, as it reduces the average profit maximisation task to two distinct singular control problems. Due to the high non-linearity of these profit functions, six well-established metaheuristic algorithms are applied to solve the problems numerically. The key findings indicate that emission reduction leads to higher profitability. Furthermore, the greening index is shown to positively influence pricing while inversely affecting the optimal replacement duration. Finally, a sensitivity analysis provides several valuable managerial insights.
The fabrication of virgin and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) combined with CdFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing Glossy Privet bark extract is presented here. In order to investigate the structural, vibrational, optical, and morphological information, the synthesized nanomaterials were analyzed using a variety of analytical techniques. Using Tauc's formula, the band gap values have been determined. The methyl green (MG) cationic dye is degraded effectively by both photocatalysts. To verify the MG dye degradation percentage, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) study using both photocatalyst materials has been examined. The antibacterial study was conducted using two samples of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in order to determine the antibacterial capability. The electrochemical performance of CdFe2O4-rGO was also compared with its individual components, CdFe2O4 and rGO, using galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) analyses. At a fixed current density, the composite demonstrated a remarkable specific capacitance, which is significantly higher than that of pristine CdFe2O4 and rGO. The CdFe2O4-rGO electrode showed excellent rate capability and good cycling stability with efficient capacitance retention after 2000 cycles. CV and Dunn's analysis confirmed a mixed charge storage mechanism with increasing capacitive contribution at higher scan rates. These results indicate that CdFe2O4-rGO is a promising material for high-performance energy storage applications.
This study explores the determinants of happiness among Kolkata residents through a micro-econometric framework. Using primary data from 312 households across six locations categorised by pollution levels, the study explores the impact of socio-economic, demographic, and environmental factors on self-reported life satisfaction. Employing an ordered logit regression model, the study reveals significant positive effects of health, income, education, freedom, and marital status on happiness, while air pollution negatively impacts life satisfaction. The study also investigates the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being. Households affected by COVID-19 reported lower life satisfaction due to overwhelmed healthcare systems, financial distress, and mental health challenges. Furthermore, the fear of recurring lockdowns compounded these effects, reflecting the psychological and socio-economic toll of the pandemic. The study highlights the complex interplay of material and non-material factors in shaping well-being, providing valuable insights for regional development and policy-making.
Pleurotus species are nutritionally rich fungi, yet their potential to bioaccumulate environmental fluoride (F⁻) necessitates careful scientific evaluation further. In this study, Pleurotus mushrooms cultivated on F⁻ enriched substrates exhibited significant bioaccumulation of F⁻, indicating their sensitivity to substrate quality and environmental contamination. Supplementation with calcium (Ca) played a crucial physiological role by reducing F⁻ toxicity within the fruiting bodies of mushroom, although its effects were species dependent. Notably, Ca addition mitigated F⁻ stress at the biochemical and cellular level in Pleurotus ostreatus, whereas P. djamor experienced a reduction in growth performance, demonstrating differential tolerance mechanisms. Molecular-level assessment through FTIR-spectroscopy highlighted marked alterations in functional groups associated with proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates under combined F⁻ and Ca exposure, emphasizing stress-induced metabolic shifts. Field-based evaluations further validated laboratory observations, revealing substantial F⁻ accumulation in mushrooms grown using fluoridated-straw and F⁻ rich groundwater, particularly in Set 1N (96.6 mg/kg—dw) and Set 4N (46 mg/kg—dw). Subcellular fractionation studies confirmed that accumulated fluoride predominantly localized within the cell wall fraction, suggesting a sequestration strategy for detoxification. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) analysis indicated higher accumulation in P. ostreatus relative to P. djamor. However, despite partial mitigation by Ca supplementation and health risk assessments demonstrated that both mushroom species exceeded the non-carcinogenic risk threshold for children when cultivated in traditional way under contaminated conditions. These findings underscore the importance of using controlled, F⁻ free substrates and clean irrigation sources to ensure food safety and promote sustainable mushroom cultivation practices, particularly in fluoride-affected regions such as West Bengal, India.
